1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,Part Language Focus,.单词自测,1._ n.职业，行业_ adj.职业的_ adv.职业地,profession,professional,professionally,2._ n.辐射，放射线_ v.辐射_ adj.辐射的 3._ n.突破 4._ adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的_ adv.起初地，原先地 5._ n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决_ v.判断；评价_ n.裁判,radiation,radiate,radiative,breakthrough,original,
2、originally,judgement,judge,judge,.短语默写,1._ 意识到 2._ 结果是，证明是 3._ 与相似 4.be always doing _ 5.figure out _ 6.be/get burnt out _,be aware of,turn out,be similar to,总是做,算出；弄明白,耗尽体力，累垮,1.remove v.去除，排除；移开；免除,语境感悟 (1)(教材P47)The kidneys are the organs that remove waste products from the blood and produce urin
3、e. 肾是把血液中的废物清除掉并产生尿的器官。 (2)He removed the picture and put it in the drawer. 他把这幅画取下来，放到抽屉里。 (3)They removed him from his position. 他们免除了他的职位。,归纳拓展 remove from.从中移开/除掉 易混辨析 remove，move 两者都有“移动”之意。 (1)remove主要指移动后的“除去，除掉”，是非距离上的移动。 (2)move指“挪动，移动，搬迁”等，主要指距离上的移动。,即时跟踪 用move，remove的适当形式填空 The meeting wa
4、s _ from Shanghai to Hangzhou. She _ the dirty sheet from the bed.,moved,removed,Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things.You have to _ some of them. A.remain B.resist C.remove D.renew,解析 句意：你书桌上堆了太多没必要的东西。你得清除一些。remove意为“去除，转移，移开”，符合句意。,答案 C,2.breakthrough n.突破，重大进展,语境感悟 (1)(教材P49)He t
5、old me he had had a breakthrough. 他告诉我他取得了一个突破。 (2)Our soldiers quickly broke through the enemys defence works. 我们的战士很快突破了敌人的防御工事。,归纳拓展 have/make a breakthrough取得突破 break through突破 即时跟踪 完成句子 据说，科学家们将在自然科学方面有突破。 It is said that scientists will _ in natural science.,make/have a breakthrough,Modern for
6、ms of transportation and communication have done much to _ the isolation of life in Alaska. A.break through B.break into C.break down D.break out,解析 句意：现代形式的通讯和运输大大突破了阿拉斯加孤立的生活状态。break through突破，突围，符合句意。break into闯入，侵入；break down失灵，失效，停止运转；break out突然发生。,答案 A,3.judgement n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决,语境感悟 (1)(
7、教材P49)I think we should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning. 我认为我们在对克隆作出决定时应该谨慎行事，作出正确的判断。 (2)If he made a wrong judgement on this matter，hell pay for it. 如果他在这件事上作出了错误判断，那么他是要为此付出代价的。 (3)In my judgement，the plan is inconsiderate. 据我看来，该计划考虑不周。 (4)We shouldnt judge
8、 a person by his appearance. 我们不应该以貌取人。,归纳拓展 (1)make a judgement on/about.对作出判断 in ones judgement依某人看来 (2)judge n.法官；裁判员；v.判断；估计；评判 judge sb/sth to be.认为某人/物是；把某人/物评价为 judge.from/by根据来判断 judging by/from.(作状语)根据来判断,即时跟踪 完成句子 他认为它们是他看过的最好的话剧。 He _ he had ever seen. 在这样的情况下，他开始怀疑自己的判断。 In this case，he
9、began to be sceptical of _.,judged them to be the best plays,his own judgement,他拒绝对形势作出评价。 He refused _ the situation. 从他迷惑的表情可判断，这个问题是十分令人困惑的。 _this problem must be quite puzzling. 注意：judging by/from用作独立成分，其中的judging不可以换为judged。,to make a judgement on/about,Judging from/by his puzzled look,1.be awa
10、re of意识到；觉察到,语境感悟 (1)(教材P46)They are hardly aware of the uncertain effects of cloning humans. 他们几乎没有意识到克隆人类造成的不确定的影响。 (2)I didnt become aware of his arrival. 我没注意到他的到来。 (3)I am (well) aware that very few jobs are available. 我(很)清楚工作职位非常少。,归纳拓展 become/get aware of意识到；觉察到 make sb aware of/that使某人意识到 b
11、e aware that/whclause知道；意识到,即时跟踪 完成句子 她没有意识到做错了事。 She _ having done wrong. 我意识到这不是一个好消息。 _ is not good news.,was not aware of,I am aware that it,Ordinary woman though she is，she tries every means to make people_ of the importance of the environment conservation. A.aware B.careful C.sensible D.awesom
12、e,答案 A,2.turn out结果是，证明是,语境感悟 (1)(教材P46)It could turn out to be a monster! 它可能会成为一个怪物！ (2)It was cloudy in the morning，but it turned out (to be) fine later. 早晨是多云天气，但后来天空放晴了。 (3)It turned out that two people got lost in the flood. 结果有两人在洪水中失踪了。,归纳拓展 turn out其后常接to beadj./n./，通常to be可以省略；turn out还有“生
13、产；出席，在场”的意思 turn on开(灯) turn off关(灯) turn down调小(音量)；拒绝 turn up调大(音量)；出现 turn over移交；翻转 turn around翻身，转身 It turns/turned out that.结果,即时跟踪 选词填空 turn on，turn around，turn out，turn over，turn up He promised to come today，but he hasnt _ yet. I ran downstairs and _ the television. He did not fall asleep，_
14、in bed from time to time. The news _ to be false. Our instructor _ to go back and turn the lights back on.,turned up,turned on,turning over,turned out,turned around,Tom had to_ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A.turn in B.turn down C.turn over D.turn to,解析 句意：因为太忙，上周
15、末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。turn down拒绝，符合语境。turn in上交；turn over (使)翻转，调转；turn to (使)转向，求助于。,答案 B,3.be/get burnt out耗尽体力，累垮,语境感悟 (1)(教材P51)Im totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。 (2)He left the fire to burn itself out. 他让火自己熄灭。 (3)Slightly burn away hair on lamb skin. 轻轻烧去羊皮上的细毛。,归纳拓展 burn out耗尽体力，累垮；燃尽，烧光 burn down烧毁；(火势
16、)减弱 burn away烧光，烧掉 burn to the ground全部焚毁,即时跟踪 完成句子 这个村庄在战争期间被烧得精光。 The village _ during the war. 小心防火，否则它可能烧毁整栋大楼。 Be careful with fire，or it may _.,was burned out/to the ground,burn down the whole building,Lucy was completely _ after jogging in the hot sun all afternoon；she had little energy left.
17、 A.kicked out B.burnt out C.handed out D.put out,解析 句意：露西在骄阳下慢跑了一下午之后累极了，几乎没力气了。be burnt out耗尽体力，累垮。根据题意可知选B项。,答案 B,be always doing.,语境感悟 (1)(教材P49)He is always working in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries. 他总在实验室里工作，尽其所能弄明白所有的神秘事件 (2)The boy is always crying. 那个男孩总哭。 (3)He is always he
18、lping others. 他常常帮助别人。,归纳拓展 当always与进行时态连用时，表示反复发生的动作，带有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等 即时跟踪 完成句子 我的同桌老是在问我问题。 My deskmate _.,is always asking me questions,I didnt like Aunt Lucy，who _without warning and bringing us presents. A.always turned up B.has always turned up C.was always turning up D.was always turne
19、d up,解析 always，often，constantly，forever，all the time等副词与现在(过去)进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。,答案 C,过去分词,一、过去分词的句法功能, Grammar,1.作定语 过去分词作定语，表示动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。过去分词作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被其所修饰的名词。及物过去分词作定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系，不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作的完成。,Dolly the sheep is the worlds first cloned mammal. 多
20、利羊是世界上第一个被克隆的哺乳动物。 We should drink boiled water.我们应该喝开水。 A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 启动于1989年的一个水土保持项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。 The carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by cars. 我们呼吸产生的碳远远少于汽车产生的碳
21、。,There are some fallen leaves on the ground. 在地上有一些落叶。(不及物动词fall的过去分词形式fallen 不表示被动，只表示动作的完成) 注意：单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。 Because of pollution，the caught fish were not fit to eat. 由于污染，捕到的鱼不适宜吃。,2.作表语 过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。过去分词作表语时，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短
22、语。 The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。 Our classroom is crowded.我们的教室很拥挤。 The ground is covered with snow.地上覆盖着雪。,学法点拨 表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些过去分词形式(surprised，disappointed，delighted，excited，pleased 等)及其他一些过去分词(dressed，drunk，devoted，lost，known，married，bent，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。 My grandfath
23、er was delighted to hear I overcame the difficulty. 我祖父听到我克服了困难的消息后感到很高兴。 Those days are passed and gone. 那些日子一去不复返了。 He is dead drunk.他喝得烂醉。 注意：被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by动作的执行者”。,The new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors. 这些新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。 A great number of trees we
24、re planted by volunteers to stop the wind from blowing the soil away. 为了阻止风把泥土吹走，志愿者们栽了大量的树。,3.作宾语补足语 (1)过去分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。 The villagers had many trees planted then. 村民们那时种了很多树。 In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. 早上人们一醒来就发
25、现屋外的世界完全变了样。,(2)能用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下三类： make，get，have，keep等使役动词。此类动词使用最广泛。 We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow. 因为我们明天做实验想用这台机器，所以我们需要立即找人把它修好。 The thief kept his money hidden in his shoes. 那个小偷把钱藏在鞋子里。 see，hear，feel 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 The mother
26、 cant stand seeing her baby left alone at home. 那个母亲不能忍受她的孩子被独自一人留在家里。,like，want，wish，order 等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。 The manager doesnt like such questions discussed at the meeting. 经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。 (3)with 复合结构，即“with复合宾语”结构，它是由“with宾语(名词或代词)非谓语动词(分词、动词不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”构成的一种结构。当宾语补足语是过去分词时，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是
27、被动关系。with复合结构通常在句子中作状语，也可以作定语，修饰前面的名词。,With all the work done，we went to play basketball. 所有的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。 The fellow stood there with his hands crossed. 那个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。 The farmers have a good harvest with all the crops got in. 庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。 With a lot of work to do，she doesnt have time to g
28、o to the cinema. 有很多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。 With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the exam. 有这位优秀的老师教我们英语，我们通过考试没有困难。,Do you know the man with a book in his hand? 你认识手里拿着一本书的那个人吗？ Throw away the container with its cover sealed. 把封着盖子的那个容器扔掉。,4.作状语 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。过
29、去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等。 (1)作时间状语 Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball. 从月球上看，被水覆盖了大约70%表面的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。 (2)作原因状语 Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room. 因为那个女孩被晚上的电闪雷鸣吓坏了，所以她不敢独
30、自在她的房间里睡觉。,(3)作条件状语 Given a chance，I would prove myself. 给我一个机会，我会证明自己。 (4)作伴随状语 The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. 那个男孩坐在桌旁埋头做作业。 注意：独立主格结构：当过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是过去分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词实际上属于独立主格结构。,The signal given，the bus started. 信号一发出，公共汽车就开动了。 (the signal 是give的逻辑主语，句子主语the b
31、us不是give的逻辑主语) Her head held high，she went by. 她把头昂得高高地走了过去。 (her head 是hold的逻辑主语，句子主语she 不是hold的逻辑主语),二、过去分词作状语可以转换成相应的状语从句,(1)过去分词作时间状语可以转换成时间状语从句 When given a medical examination(When you are given a medical examination)，you should keep calm. 当你做体检时，你应该保持镇定。 (2)过去分词作原因状语可以转换成原因状语从句 Depressed(Sinc
32、e he was depressed)，he went to see his elder sister. 他感到沮丧，就去找他姐姐了。,(3)过去分词作条件状语可以转换成条件状语从句 Grown in rich soil(If they are grown in rich soil)，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 注意：过去分词作伴随状语可以转换成并列谓语或并列句。 They came in，followed by some children.(They came in and were followed by some ch
33、ildren.They came in and they were followed by some children.) 他们进来了，后面跟着一些孩子。,三、现在分词式形容词与过去分词式形容词的区别,英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词式形容词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词式形容词与中心词构成主动关系；其过去分词式形容词含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。如：moving(令人感动的)和moved(受感动的)；frightening(吓人的)和frightened(受惊吓的)；pleasing(令人高兴的)和pleased(高兴的；满意的)；encouraging(令
34、人鼓舞的)和encouraged(受鼓舞的)；exciting(令人兴奋的；激动人心的)和excited(兴奋的；激动的)。现在分词式形容词多用来指事或物，而过去分词式形容词多用来指人、人的声音或表情。,He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被那个动人的故事深深地感动了。,.用所给词的适当形式填空,1.He is now talking with his mother，_ (try) to persuade her to allow him to go out. 2.My sister is now working in an internatio
35、nal corporation，_ (know) as 3M. 3.The cloning technology，_ (intend) to cure some diseases，is sometimes misused. 4.The old man lay _ (trap) under the building ruins for quite a long time.,trying,known,intended,trapped,5._ (sum) up，this was a disappointing performance. 6._ (judge) by what he said，I th
36、ink it unlikely that hell be able to support your application. 7.With great efforts _ (focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing. 8.Nowadays people separate their waste to make it easier _ (recycle). 9.Yesterday a _ (retire) scientist gave us a lecture
37、，who is now in his seventies. 10._ (live) in it for a long time，he is now very familiar with the city.,To sum,Judging,focused,to be recycled,retired,Having lived,.单项填空,1.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.(2017北京高考),A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,解析 句意：吉
38、姆已经退休了，可是他仍然记得与他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。spend与被修饰的名词time之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用动词ed形式作后置宾语。故选D。,答案 D,2. over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京高考),A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析 句意：那些书一周前已经预定了，应该随时会到达。 order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故选D。,答案 D,3.In art criticism，you m
39、ust assume the artist has a secret message within the work.(2016江苏高考),A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden 解析 句意：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。 答案 B,4.Much time sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏高考),A.being spent B
40、.having spent C.spent D.spending 解析 句意：大部分时间坐办公桌，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。 答案 C,5. in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star.(2015重庆高考),A.Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D.To raise 解析 句意：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与主语he是被动关系，因此排除B、
41、D两项；A项是现在分词的被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。 答案 C,6.Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015陕西高考),A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken 解析 句意：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B。 答案 B,7.Video games c
42、an be a poor influence if in the wrong hands.(2015湖南高考),A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left 解析 句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave与video games之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。 答案 D,8.If for the job, youll be informed soon.(2015北京高考),A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 解析 句意：如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。accept与you
43、之间是被动关系；if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，故选D。 答案 D,9.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems.(2014重庆高考),A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned 解析 句意：厂商定期到我们店里回收因质量问题而被退的相机。camera与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成。故选B。 答案 B,10.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南高考),A.to be accompanied B.to accompany C.accompanying D.accompanied 解析 句意：在父母的陪同下，孩子们才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词accompanied。 答案 D,
