1、Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 m
2、icrocontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer
3、. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. Fundamentals of Writing English Business Letters 英文商务信函写作的基本知识 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature
4、measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 1.1 Introduction（ 简介） 目的：掌握商务信函的写作要求 、 写作原则 、 以及信封和信函的基本构成和行文要求 。 Thi s paper mainly in
5、t roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and D
6、S18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 1.2 Requirements for Business Letter Writers（商务信函的写作要求） 要写就一封成功的商务信函，需要起草人具备以下条件： （ 1）精通英语（ Good command of English） （ 2）通晓外贸理论和实务（ Knowledge of business theory and practice） （ 3）通晓术语（ Knowledge of technical terms） （ 4）通晓人的心理（ Knowledge of psychology） （ 5）熟悉推销艺术（ Skills
7、in salesmanship） Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst
8、 em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 1.3 Seven Guidelines of Writing English Business Letters（英文商务信函写作七原则） “ 7C原则”，即清楚、简洁、正确、具体、礼貌、体谅和完整。 1. 清楚（ Clarity） 商务信函应使读者一目了然，没有艰涩难懂或产生误会之处。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol syste
9、m which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 2. 简洁（ Conciseness） 言简意赅地表达所需表达的意思，同时又
10、无损于书信的完整和礼貌。 3. 正确（ Correctness） 正确的商务信函不仅表现为语法恰当，标点符号和词汇拼写正确，还要求叙述正确、提供的事实和数字无误、写作格式规范、技巧运用恰当以及商业术语正确。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emp
11、erat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 4. 具体（ Concreteness） 商务信函必须避免采用模糊、大概和抽象的词语和语句，应尽量运用具体的事实和数字，一般使用主动语态来陈述内容。 5. 礼貌（ Courtesy） 在商务信函的写作过程中，及时是礼貌之首。此外，应避免使用可能激怒、伤害对方的言辞或语气，语调上要尽可能站在客
12、户的立场上做到互惠互利。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em
13、are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 6. 体谅（ Consideration） 发信人应尽可能从收信人的立场来考虑问题，在分析对方会如何理解信息的基础上，提供其所需要的信息。 7. 完整（ Completeness） 商务信函必须力求完整，要包括写信人希望收信人做出积极反应的一切情况，或是回答来信所提出的全部问题和要求。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system whi
14、ch reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 1.4 Addressing Envelopes（信封的写法） 在寄往国外信函的信封上
15、，收信人和收信人地址以及寄信人和寄信人地址的书写位置，都不同于国内信封的写法，见图 1-1。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. T
16、he core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 图 1-1 寄往国外信函的信封写法 General Trading Co. 28 North Road Beijing 100020 P. R. China Overseas Trading Co. 52 Hooigracht Street Amsterdam, the Netherlands Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i ntel
17、i gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 注意事项：
18、 （ 1）寄信人姓名和地址应写在信封的左上角，且务必与封内地址在形式和标点上一致。 （ 2）收信人姓名和地址写在信封中下偏右的位置，收信人的姓名和国名须分行书写。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B2
19、0 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. （ 3）寄信人和收信人的姓名和地址的书写顺序是：先写姓名后写地址。地址的书写应由小至大，先写机构名称，再依次写门牌、街道、城市、州 /省及邮政编码，最后书写国名。 （ 4）关于信件类别、投递方式及其他事项说明，写在信封左边寄信人地址下，或写在左下角。如怀疑信件能否送交收信人，可在信封最下边标明：IF UNDELIVERED PLEAS
20、E RETURN TO XXX，即：如无法投递，请退交 XXX。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core compon
21、ents of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 1.5 Parts of English Business Letters（英文商务信函的组成部分） 1. 信头（ Letter head） 信头也称为信笺抬头，由寄信人公司名称、地址、电话号码、 E-mail地址和传真构成。信头通常位于信纸的最上端。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system
22、which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 2. 日期（ Date） 日期顶边写在信纸的左边或右边，距离信头三到四行。 注意
23、事项： （ 1）年份必须全部写出。 （ 2）月份最好用英文全拼，不提倡用缩略式。 （ 3）日期可以用序数词或基数词。 （ 4）年份前要加逗号。 （ 5）日期切忌全部用数字表示。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor
24、 DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 3. 信函编号（ Reference number） 给信函编号是为了便于往来书信的存挡和查阅，一般采用 Your Ref.（你方编号）或 Our Ref.（我方编号）。信函编号通常放在日期的上方或与日期平齐靠左的位置，打上如下字样： Your Ref.： Our Ref.： Thi s paper mainly int
25、 roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS
26、18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 4. 信内地址（ Inside address） 信内地址包括收信人的姓名、头衔、单位名称、营业地址以及城市、国家名称和邮政编码。收信人的姓名和地址应和信封上的内容相同。信内地址一般在信纸左上角低于日期的地方。书写顺序是由小单位到大单位。每项内容单独成行： Mr. Francis Lawrence Vice President Swinton Co. 87 Unico Avenue Toronto, ST 9878 Canada Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i ntel
27、i gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 5. 称呼
28、（ Salutation） 称呼写在信内地址下面空两行处。 常见的正式称呼有： Dear Mr. Smith， Dear Mrs. Smith，Dear Miss Brown， Dear Ms. White。 如果称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr.的复数形式 Messrs。Mrs.没有复数形式，如果称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用Mmes.，如 Mmes. White and Gray。 写信给一家公司时，通常用 Dear Sirs，也可以用Gentlemen。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent tempera
29、ture cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 6. 事由（ Subject） 事由是
30、为对方在阅读信的正文以前对信的主题、内容有一个了解，也便于登记归档和查卷。写在称呼下面、信的中间位置。事由下面可以划线，也可以不划线，有时可全部用大写字体。 例如： Subject： Mens Bicycles Re： Sales Confirmation No.2536 Your Order No.： Reference： Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature
31、 measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 7. 信函正文（ Body of the letter） 信函正文是商务信函中最重要的部分，要遵循“ 7C原则”。 正文一般遵循三段式的格式。第一段一般是引入主题，第二段详
32、细讨论，第三段以总结或建议来结束全文。 需两页或更多的信纸时，在前一页最后一行的右边写上 to be continued。续页应采用不带信头的信纸，并注明收信人名称、页数和日期。 如： Mr. John Smith, Page 2, June 3, 2005 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using
33、 single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 8. 信尾客套语（ Complimentary close） 信尾客套语是一种礼貌，是结束信函的正式方式，类似中文信函中的“此致，敬礼”等。 常用的有： Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely
34、, Best regards；更亲切一点的有： Cordially, Cordially yours；再正式一些的有： Yours truly, Respectfully yours, Yours faithfully。 注意，只有第一个字母大写。一般打印在正文下面空一行处。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol
35、 by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 9. 签名（ Signature） 签名通常在信尾客套语下空三行的位置。签名可采用不同写法，一般包括：公司名称、写信人的手写签名、写信人的打印签名、写信人的头衔。有时，也可以不写公司名称。 例如： Yours truly,
36、 General Trading Co. （ Signature） John Smith Sales Manager Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi cr
37、ocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 10. 经办人代号（ Reference notation） 经办人代号是提供信件产生的信息资料，便于必要时查对之用。经办人代号是由信件口授者和秘书的姓名首字母组成，用冒号或斜线号分开，可用以下方式书写： FCM/HL， FCM:HL， FCM/hl， fcm:hl Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli
38、gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 11. 附件（
39、 Enclosure） 假如信封内除信纸外，尚附有其他文件，可以在信中说明附件份数和内容。当附件只有一件时，注明 Enclosure 或Encl.即可；一件以上时，要加上编码，以便收信人识别，用 Enclosures.说明。 例如： Enclosures 3: 1.Birth Certificate 2.Visa 3.Letter of Reference Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct io
40、n of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 12. 抄送（ Carbon copy/C.C.） 发信人若需把此信抄送给有关单位，可在附件下方即信左下端打上 C.C.，然后打上抄送单位的
41、名称， 例如： C.C.: The Bank of China Copies to: directors Cc to: CEO Copy to: Sales Manager Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor D
42、S18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. 13. 附笔（ Postscript/ P.S.） 若写完信后还须附加项目时，就需补述，这类似于中文信中的附言。有时并非真正将忘了写的事情补上，而是故意引起对方的注意。附笔被放在抄送下方。在写完P.S.之后，有时也把签字人姓名的首字母缩写附在最后。 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he de
43、sign of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat
44、ure sensor. 1.6 The Opening and Conclusion of English Business Letters （英文商务信函的开头和结尾） 信函的开头应该直入主题，要避免空洞。根据书写商务信函的目的不同，开头一般分为两大类：一是回复信件；二是主动与对方联系。 对于回复信件，可采用以下方式开头。 1. 英文商务信函的开头 Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion o
45、f temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. （ 1）感谢对方的来信 We thank you for your letter (inquiry, telex, e-mail, fax etc
46、.) of Thank you for We appreciate We were pleased to receive Please accept our thanks for Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure senso
47、r DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. （ 2）对来信进行回复 We are pleased to reply to your letter (inquiry, telex, e-mail, fax etc.) of In answer to In response to In reply to Thi s paper mainly int roduces
48、t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t e
49、mperat ure sensor. （ 3）回复来信中的有关问题 With reference to your letter (inquiry, telex, e-mail, fax etc.) of In reference to Referring to We refer to Thi s paper mainly int roduces t he design of an i nteli gent temperature cont rol system which reali zes t he f unct ion of temperature measurement and cont rol by using single bus digit al t emperat ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip mi crocomputer. The core components of the syst em are AT89C51 microcontrol ler and DS18B20 t emperat ure sensor. （ 4）回复来信中提出的要求或指示 As requested in your letter of As required As instructed According to
