1、1羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃
2、薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀
3、蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈
4、葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅
5、莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂
6、蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀
7、蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂蒃袈袂芄螈螄袂莇薁蚀袁葿莄罿袀腿蕿袅罿芁莂螁羈莃薇蚇羇肃莀薃羆芅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂薅肂莄蒅袄肁肄蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀莄袆肇芃薀螂肆莅莃蚈膅肅薈薄膄膇莁袃膄艿薇衿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈羀膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇袅芀蒄薃袄莂蚀羂袃膂羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇
8、羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅
9、羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂
10、衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀
11、螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇
12、膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅
13、肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂
14、罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿
15、羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇
16、袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄
17、袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂
18、螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇
19、肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄
20、肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁
21、羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿
22、袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆
23、袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄
24、螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁
25、膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿
26、肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃袇羆芇袅肂莅芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肃芃袂螆莁节薁羂芇莂蚄螅膃莁螆
27、羀聿莀蒆螃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆莆薂衿肂莆蚅肅羈蒅螇袈芆蒄蒇肃膂蒃蕿袆膈蒂螁膂肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蒇羁羇薇薀螄芆薆螂罿节薅袄袂膈薅薄肇肄薄蚆袀莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁衿膄蚁薁肄肀芈蚃 广西工学院土木建筑工程系毕业设计外文文献翻译( 2012 届）姓 名 吴进龙 学 号 4 院 系 土木建筑工程系 专 业 工程管理 指导教师 胡锡章 填写日期 2012-2-13 外文翻译Abstract:To study the application of continuum structural topology optimization methods to real engineering s
28、tructures,an optimization method for an optimal topology design of multistory steel frame bracing systems is presented.On a sensitivity analysis,an element removal criterion for continuum structures with stress and multi-displacement constraints under multiple lateral loading conditions is proposed.
29、A concept of mean thickness of a design domain is provided to ensure the reasonableness of optimal results.In the proposed optimization method,the optimal design of an unbraced steel frame without displacement constraints is performed firstly,and then the optimal topology of a bracing system for the
30、 multistory steel frame considering displacement constraints is obtained by using evolutionary structural optimization and the given removal criterion,and finally the optima layout of the bracing system is interpreted as bracing members.An example of 3-bay 12-story plane steel frame shows that it is
31、 effective for the given optimization method in the optimal design of bracing systems for multistory steel frames. Key words:steel frame;bracing system;continuum;topology optimization;evolutionary structural optimization1 Reinforced ConcretePlain concrete is formed from a hardened mixture of cement
32、,water ,fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel),air, and often other admixtures. The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to facilitate the acceleration of the chemical hydration reaction lf the cement/water mix, resulting in hardened concrete. The fi
33、nished product has high compressive strength, and low resistance to tension, such that its tensile strength is approximately one tenth lf its compressive strength. Consequently, tensile and shear reinforcement in the tensile regions of sections has to be provided to compensate for the weak tension r
34、egions in the reinforced concrete element.It is this deviation in the composition of a reinforces concrete section from the homogeneity of standard wood or steel sections that requires a modified approach to the basic principles of structural design. The two components of the heterogeneous reinforce
35、d concrete section are to be so arranged and proportioned that optimal use is made of the materials involved. This is possible because concrete can easily be given any desired shape by placing and compacting the wet mixture of the constituent ingredients are properly proportioned, the finished produ
36、ct becomes strong, durable, and, in combination with the reinforcing bars, adaptable for use as main members of any structural system.The techniques necessary for placing concrete depend on the type of member to be cast: 3that is, whether it is a column, a bean, a wall, a slab, a foundation. a mass
37、columns, or an extension of previously placed and hardened concrete. For beams, columns, and walls, the forms should be well oiled after cleaning them, and the reinforcement should be cleared of rust and other harmful materials. In foundations, the earth should be compacted and thoroughly moistened
38、to about 6 in. in depth to avoid absorption of the moisture present in the wet concrete. Concrete should always be placed in horizontal layers which are compacted by means of high frequency power-driven vibrators of either the immersion or external type, as the case requires, unless it is placed by
39、pumping. It must be kept in mind, however, that over vibration can be harmful since it could cause segregation of the aggregate and bleeding of the concrete.Hydration of the cement takes place in the presence of moisture at temperatures above 50F. It is necessary to maintain such a condition in orde
40、r that the chemical hydration reaction can take place. If drying is too rapid, surface cracking takes place. This would result in reduction of concrete strength due to cracking as well as the failure to attain full chemical hydration.It is clear that a large number of parameters have to be dealt wit
41、h in proportioning a reinforced concrete element, such as geometrical width, depth, area of reinforcement, steel strain, concrete strain, steel stress, and so on. Consequently, trial and adjustment is necessary in the choice of concrete sections, with assumptions based on conditions at site, availab
42、ility of the constituent materials, particular demands of the owners, architectural and headroom requirements, the applicable codes, and environmental reinforced concrete is often a site-constructed composite, in contrast to the standard mill-fabricated beam and column sections in steel structures.A
43、 trial section has to be chosen for each critical location in a structural system. The trial section has to be analyzed to determine if its nominal resisting strength is adequate to carry the applied factored load. Since more than one trial is often necessary to arrive at the required section, the f
44、irst design input step generates into a series of trial-and-adjustment analyses.The trial-and adjustment procedures for the choice of a concrete section lead to the convergence of analysis and design. Hence every design is an analysis once a trial section is chosen. The availability of handbooks, ch
45、arts, and personal computers and programs supports this approach as a more efficient, compact, and speedy instructional method compared with the traditional approach of treating the analysis of reinforced concrete separately from pure design.2. Earthwork Because earthmoving methods and costs change
46、more quickly than those in any other branch of civil engineering, this is a field where there are real opportunities for the enthusiast. In 1935 most of the methods now in use for carrying and excavating earth with rubber-tyred equipment did not exist. Most earth was moved by narrow rail track, now
47、relatively rare, and the main methods of excavation, with face shovel, backacter, or dragline or grab, though they are still widely used are only a few of the many current methods. To keep his knowledge of earthmoving equipment up to date an engineer must therefore spend tine studying modern machine
48、s. Generally the only reliable up-to-date information on excavators, loaders and transport is obtainable from the makers.Earthworks or earthmoving means cutting into ground where its surface is too high ( cuts ), and dumping the earth in other places where the surface is too low ( fills). Toreduce e
49、arthwork costs, the volume of the fills should be equal to the volume of the cuts and wherever possible the cuts should be placednear to fills of equal volume so as to reduce transport and double handlingof the fill. This work of earthwork design falls on the engineer who lays out the road since it is the layout of the earthwork more than anything else which decides its cheapness. From the available maps ahd levels, the engineering must try to reach as many decisions as possible in the drawing office by drawing cross sections of the earthwork. On the site when fur
