1、Chapter 9 Age and Social Inequality,This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in
2、 whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease or lending of the program.,Myth or Fact?,The exploitation of child labor in the U.S. is largely a thing of the past.,Because most people in the U.S. today have retirement plans where they work, retirement income for the elderly in the future will n
3、ot be a problem.,Myth,Myth,The Functionalist Perspective,Functionalists argue that the stages of the life cycle are intimately related to the social needs of a particular society. The treatment of the young and the old becomes a social problem when it is inconsistent with their capabilities and deve
4、lopment, both biological and social.,The Conflict Perspective,Conflict theorists argue that the position of the young and the old in society is related to their access to social, political and economic power. Ageism refers to an ideology or set of beliefs holding that people in a particular age grou
5、p are inferior, have negative attributes, and can be dominated and exploited because of their age.,The Age Structure of Society,Demography is the study of the size, composition, and distribution of human populations and how these factors change over time. The age structure of a society is the distri
6、bution of people into various age categories. A dependency ratio shows the relative size of the group in society that is economically dependent for support on others who are working.,Problems of the Young,Problems of the Elderly,Work and Retirement People are likely to enjoy retirement if it is volu
7、ntary, if ones health is good and if some preparation has occurred.Poverty and Financial Problems The poverty rate among people over 65 years of age in the U.S. is slightly below that of people 18 to 64 years of age. Reasons for economic difficulty include: The elderly are more likely to be outside
8、the workforce and some elderly worked at jobs for years with no retirement pension plan.,Problems of The Elderly,Social Isolation Older people maintain relatively extensive contacts and involvements with friends and acquaintances. People in advanced old age or with serious physical ailments are most
9、 likely to suffer from social isolation. Domestic Violence Elders who are dependent on others for care face the potential problem of physical and psychological abuse. Health problems Almost half of people older than sixty-five years in the U.S. experience some limitations in the activities because o
10、f chronic illness.,Problems of the Elderly,Fear of Crime Older people commit relatively few crimes. The elderly tend to be the victims of crime, or at least many elderly fear that they will be. Institutions and Nursing Homes Only 5% of older adults live in nursing homes or extended care facilities.
11、Conditions in nursing homes are related to the tension between the necessity of making a profit and the desire to provide services to the residents, and the difficulty of hiring and keeping qualified staff.,Future Prospects,Efforts to improve the status of the young focus on finding more equitable d
12、istribution of resources between the young and the old. Many policies have focused on reducing the risks that youth may be exposed to such problems as poverty, family violence, sexual exploitation, and other forms of discrimination and exploitation.,Future Prospects,Efforts to improve the status of
13、the elderly have focused on ensuring that more people have adequate access to financial resources including retirement pensions, Social Security, and savings and assets; better health care; and adequate living arrangements including alternative arrangements such as age-integrated housing, government subsidized housing and supported living environments.,
