1、课时训练 5 单元语法突破.根据句意完成下列句子1.如果他来参加会议,我们对他说什么?If he to the meeting,what we say to him? 答案:were to come;would2.如果你在这儿生活一段时间,你就会对此改变看法的。If you here for a while,you your mind about it. 答案:lived;would change3.你要是处在我的位置,你也会做同样的事的。you my position,you the same. 答案:Were;in;would do 4.如果我们早十分钟出发,我们现在就到那儿了。If we
2、 ten minutes earlier,we there now. 答案:had started;would arrive/be/get5.你若早点来,你就已经赶上公共汽车了。you earlier,you the bus. 答案:Had;come;would have caught6.我宁愿你没借那些钱给我。I would rather that you me the money. 答案:didnt lend7.我多么希望我中学时努力学习了呀!How I wish I hard during my middle school years! 答案:had studied8.没有那场暴风雨,农
3、民们就已经获得了丰收。Without the storm,the farmers a good harvest. 答案:would have had9.我的建议是我们应该在河边多植树。My suggestion is that we more trees along the river. 答案:should plant10.该是你告诉他那件事的时候了。Its time that you him about that. 答案:should tell.单项填空1.(2011 北京高考)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely
4、 ruined.I wish they always late. A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt beD.wouldnt have been提示:句意为“孩子们到哪儿去了?饭菜快凉了。真希望他们不要总这么晚” 。本题是考查 wish 后接虚拟语气的用法,而且是对现在情况的虚拟,应用一般过去时表示。故选 A 项。答案:A2.(2011 北京高考)Maybe if I science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help. A.studiedB.would study C.had
5、studied D.was studying提示:由“if I .then”可知,从句是对过去事情的虚拟,应用过去完成时。句意:“或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话,我就能给你更多的帮助。 ”故选 C 项。答案:C3.(2011 福建高考)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attendedB.have attendedC.would attendD.would have attended提示:句意为“你错过了关于核污染的演
6、讲真是遗憾。我本想去参加的,但是我正忙着准备工作面试” 。由 but 后的“.I was busy preparing for a job interview”.可知说话者并没有去听演讲,因此此处应是对过去情况的虚拟。对过去的事情进行虚拟时,主句应用“would+have+过去分词” 。本句可以改为“I would have attended it if I hadnt been busy preparing for a job interview.”。故选 D 项。答案:D4.(2011 江西高考)We Johns name on the race list yesterday but fo
7、r his recent injury. A.will putB.will have putC.would putD.would have put提示:句意为“要不是因为约翰最近受伤的缘故,我们昨天就把他的名字写在参赛名单上了” 。根据句意及“but for(倘若没有,要不是)”可知,这里是对过去情况的虚拟,所以主句谓语部分要由“would/could/might/should+have done”结构,答案为 D 项。答案:D5.(2011 陕西高考)I through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldnt have
8、 goneB.didnt goC.wouldnt goD.hadnt gone提示:句意为“如果没有你们慷慨相助,我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月” 。表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时,主句用“would/could/should/might+have done”结构,故选 A 项。答案:A6.If we the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A.takeB.had takenC.tookD.have taken提示:句意为“如果我们走另一条路,我们也许就能及时赶到这儿参加这次会议的” 。由句意以及题干中的“w
9、e might have arrived here”可知,这是对过去发生的事情的假设,故条件状语从句用 had done,主句中用“would/might/could have done”的形式。因此 B 项正确。答案:B7.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday. A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened提示:as if 意为“好像,仿佛似的”,所引导的从句如果表示真实情况,从句用陈述语气;如果表示非真实情况,从句用虚拟语气。因为伊莱扎所能想起的事都发生在过去,而不是真
10、的发生在昨天,因此是非真实情况,要用虚拟语气。答案:D8.The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A.wouldntB.couldntC.needntD.shouldnt提示:recommend 表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气,故其谓语用should do 结构,should 可以省略。答案:D9.But for the help of my English teacher,I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would
11、not winB.would not have wonC.would winD.would have won提示:but for 引起的短语作状语时,句子常用虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,所以句子谓语采用 would have done 的形式。再根据句意可知,应采用否定形式。答案:B10.They two free tickets to Canada,otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A.had gotB.gotC.have gotD.get提示:前一分句说明的是真实情况,陈述过去的事实,故用一般过去时,而o
12、therwise 隐含着虚拟条件,后面分句用与过去事实不相符的虚拟语气。 答案:B.完形填空In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive.Some experts say the 1 is to make jobs more varied(多样的).But do more varied jobs 2 greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest
13、 that 3 variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable,it doesnt 4 make him work harder.As far as increasing productivity is concerned,then, 5 is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker 6 to do his job in his own way is important,and there is no doubt that this is
14、 true.The 7 is that this kind of freedom cant easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated(复杂的)machinery which must be used in a 8 way.Thus while freedom of choice may be important,there is usually very little that can be done to 9 it. Another important 10 is how much each worker 11 to
15、 the product he is making.In most factories the worker 12 only one small part of the product.Some car factories are now 13 with having many small production lines rather than one large one,so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his 14 .It would seem that not only is de
16、gree of worker contribution an important factor 15 it is one we can do something about. To what 16 does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is 17 .But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. 18 just lets them enjoy the
17、ir spare time more.A 19 argument may explain demands for shorter working hours.Perhaps if we 20 making their jobs more interesting,they will neither want more money,nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. 1.A.answerB.courseC.attempt D.system提示:前面说“许多国家面临这种问题,就是如何才能使工人生产力高”,一些专家说“该问题的
18、答案就是使工作多样性” 。 course “路线,过程”;attempt“企图”;system“系统,制度” 。答案:A2.A.run across B.lead toC.result from D.pick up提示: lead to“导致”;run across“偶尔相遇,不期而遇”;result from“由引起,因为”;pick up“拿起” 。根据下一句话可看出此句表示作者发出质疑,“工作多样性就能导致更大的生产力吗” 。答案:B3.A.because B.asC.while D.as though提示:由句子“.it doesnt 4 make him work harder.”可
19、知前面的连词表示“尽管”之意。 答案:C4.A.mentally B.physicallyC.carefully D.actually提示:根据下句话可猜出本句句意为“有迹象表明尽管多样性能够使工人的生活更具有享受性,但实际上它并不能使工人们更努力地工作” 。actually“实际上”;mentally“精神上,智力上,心理上”;physically“身体上地,物理上地” 。答案:D5.A.variety B.relaxationC.creativity D.machinery提示:上面介绍了“多样性”这个话题,所以现在予以总结“多样性不是重要的因素” 。relaxation“放松,消遣,娱乐
20、”;creativity“创造,创造力”;machinery“机器的总称” 。答案:A6.A.judgement B.freedomC.direction D.comfort提示:由后面的解释“to do his job in his own way”,可知“这是一种自由的表现形式” 。答案:B7.A.secretB.skillC.problem D.strength提示:根据本句话中表语从句中的“.this kind of freedom cant easily be given.”可知此处是一个“问题” 。答案:C8.A.amusing B.dullC.changeable D.fixed
21、提示:根据下文的“尽管选择的自由可能重要,但通常没办法创造自由”可知复杂的机械有一套“固定的”使用方法。fixed“固定的” 。 答案:D9.A.use B.createC.supply D.fear提示:根据上文“尽管选择的自由可能重要,但通常没办法创造自由” 。create“创造” 。关键词 it 指代前面的“freedom” 。其他几项都不能与“freedom”搭配。答案:B10.A.measure B.inventionC.consideration D.work提示:上文提到“给工人们更多的自由”,这是专家所考虑的一个方案,所以推断是“另外一个重要的考虑” 。答案:C11.A.lie
22、s B.sticksC.objects D.contributes提示:根据本文第一句话,许多国家面临如何让工人提高生产效率的问题,以及下文分解流水线,以便工人对产品作出更大的贡献,可知此处的“另外一个重要的考虑就是每个工人对他生产的产品贡献了多少” 。object to“反对”;stick to“坚持” 。答案:D12.A.likesB.equipsC.transports D.sees提示:根据常识,在流水线上,每个工人只负责产品的某一个环节,所以认为“工人只能看到产品的一个部分” 。答案:D13.A.tiredB.pleasedC.worryingD.experimenting提示:过去
23、分词后不能跟宾语,排除 A、B 两项。C 项语意不通。根据前面的 some和下文内容可知:提到的作法只不过是一些汽车厂家的实验。答案:D14.A.own B.willC.line D.hand提示:由句子“Some car factories are now 13 with having many small production lines rather than one large one.”可知,所填词表示“生产线”比较恰当。 答案:C15.A.but B.andC.so D.however提示:句意为“看来不仅工人的贡献程度是(提高生产率的)重要因素,而且我们还能为此采取措施” 。根据
24、上文,可判断出本句话为 not only.but also.结构。but 后省略了 also。答案:A16.A.extent B.qualityC.store D.difference提示:作者再次提出问题“更多的钱能够带来更大的生产率究竟到什么程度” 。extent“程度” 。to.extent“达到程度”,其他几项均不与介词 to 搭配。答案:A17.A.natural B.importantC.worryingD.unbelievable提示:工人工作主要是为了赚钱,故推断“他们认为上面的提法很重要” 。答案:B18.A.Rest B.SportsC.Money D.Playing提示:
25、由句子“But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring.”推测。答案:C19.A.complete B.friendlyC.given D.similar提示:“用增加钱的方法来提高生产率”与“要求缩短工作时间来提高生产率”具有“相似”之处,因此选择 D 项。答案:D20.A.advise B.succeed inC.object to D.are tired of提示:从“他们既不多要钱,也不想缩短工作时间”,可以推测“是在我们能够把工作变得更有趣的前提下” 。succeed in.“成功做某事” 。答案:B
