1、Unit 4 Public transportGrammar and usageTeaching aims:After learning this period, students will be able to1. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can be used as adjective;2. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can be used as adverb;3. summarize the rules in which a v-ed or a v-ing is used;4. learn to u
2、se v-ed or v-ing in correct way according to different contexts.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead inGuide students to read the following passage and help them to analyze the function of the v-ing used in the passage. (PPT4)Step 2 Grammar Points Part one a v-ed or a v-ing like an adjective1. Help the s
3、tudents understand how they can use a v-ing like an adjective by analysing the sentences given and then draw a conclusion by themselves. (PPT5)She sat beside the window, watching the falling leaves floating in the air. It was an exciting match.Conclusion: it usually expresses an action that is going
4、 on, or what something is like.1. Help students understand the differences between v-ed and v-ing when used like adjective. While doing this, students are supposed to read the following sentences and try to analyze when v-ed can be used . (PPT6)The police found the stolen car. There was a thick laye
5、r of fallen leaves on the ground.Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.Answers: express passive meaning, refer to a finished action, tell how we Cars are the leading ( ) causes of air pollution in the world today. Realizing ( ) how serious the problem has become, the government has
6、 been encouraging people to walk, cycle or make better use of the underground system.Answers:定语 adj. 状语 adv.feel about sth.2. Help students use v-ed or v-ing as adjective in real context. (PPT7)show the picture of Harry Porter and ask students to fill in the blanks with suitable words. Have you read
7、 the book _ to him? (relate)It is a book _ by J.K. Rowling. Its an_book most teenagers like. (write, interest)Will you feel _ if Harry Porter is your teacher? (excite)Answers: related, written, interesting, excitedPart two a v-ed or a v-ing like an adverb1. Ask students to read the following sentenc
8、es and to analyze when v-ed or v-ing can be as adverb. In this activity, students are supposed to discuss in pairs. (PPT8-11)Sentences Situations 1) Realizing he would have to take two different trains, he decided to take a taxi instead.2) Encouraged by the success of the Metropolitan Railway Compan
9、y, Metropolitan District Railway opened another line in 1868.3) Traveling through the tunnel, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise.4) When asked how old the underground system was, she made no reply.5) The train headed for London, puffing and rattling.6) He walked down the hill, singing s
10、oftly to himself.7) Turning to the left at the crossroads, you will see the railway station on your right.8) Given another chance, Ill do it much better. Answers: express reason or cause , refer to time, express manner,express condition2. In order to help the students have a better understanding of
11、the knowledge mentioned above, ask them to rewrite the following sentences with proper conjunctions. (PPT12)Being ill, he didnt go to school._ he was ill, he didnt go to school.Walking in the street, he met a friend. _ I walked in the street, I met a friend. He watched TV, drinking beer.He watched T
12、V_ drank beer. Given more time, I would finish the work on time. _.Answers: Because, when, and, If I were given more time, I would finish the work on time.Help the students use v-ed of v-ing as adverb in real context. (PPT13)Answers: Seeing, Carrying, singing, GivenPart three Passive and perfect for
13、ms of v-ing1. Ask students to read the following sentences and fill in the diagram. (PPT14)The underground system being built in the city will be open next year.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes tried to improve the system.Having been developed over many years
14、, the underground system is now able to transport millions of people effectively.被动进行式主动完成式 被动完成式Answers: being + done, having + done, having been + done2. Ask students to rewrite the following sentences with passive and perfect forms of v-ing. (PPT15)It is said that the second line of Nanjing Under
15、ground is being built and it will reach Ma Qun. After the government has realized how serious the financial crisis is, it has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. After the plan had been revised many times, it was carried out last month. Answers: It is said that the second lin
16、e of Nanjing Underground being built will reach Ma Qun. Having realized how serious the financial crisis is, the government has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. Having been revised many times, the plan was carried out last month. 3. Ask students to make right choice. (PPT1
17、6)_ the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, our government took some measures to improve the underground system. A. Having compared B. Compared C. Having been compared D. being compared Answer: A_ the picture, I feel very funny. (see)_so many things, the cat felt very tir
18、ed. (carry)The cat carried many things, _.(sing)_ more money, I would buy more presents for my wife. (give)Part four the subject of v-ing or v-ed clause 1. Ask the students whether we can rewrite the previous sentence into “Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Under
19、ground, some measures were taken by our government to improve the underground system.” If the students find it difficult to judge, the teacher can show another sentence and help them analyze the subjects of v-ing clause and main clause in each sentence. So that the students can make a right judgment
20、 and explain the reason. (PPT17)Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, some measures were taken by our government to improve the underground system.Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.Reason for the judgment: The understood subject of v-i
21、ng or v-ed clause is always the same as the subject of the main clause.2Help student use proper forms of words to fill in the blank with the help of the picture. (PPT18) _ this public service advertisement, we think(see)_ on internet or other media, the public service advertisement can call on more
22、people to (show)Answers: Seeing, Shown Step 3 Practices and Consolidation Help the students use proper forms of the following words to complete the short passage and analyze different functions of v-ed or v-ing. This activity will offer students a chance to use what they learned in class. (PPT19) mi
23、slead, know, guide, readSometimes advertisements can be useful. _ what to buy, consumers may turn to ads for information. That is to say, _ ads, you will get a better understanding of each product. However, some consumers may also be cheated by _ advertisements. _ by these ads, they are likely to make wrong decisions. So what attitude will you take to ads? Answer: Not knowing, reading, misleading, Guided
