1、1必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 学案语言要点(模块).词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料 ) 1 join / join in / take part in / attend【解释】join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等join in 表示参加游戏、活动等;join sb. (in sth.) 表(和某人一起)做某事take part in 表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼;听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等;上学、教堂【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Can I _ the game?2).
2、Did you _ the fighting?3). He _ the army last year.4). A lot of people _ her wedding.词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)1. ignore vt. 忽视 ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj.无知的2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚 dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的3. add v. 添加; 增加 addition n. 加, 附加 additional adj. 添加的;附加的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) I cant _ his rudeness any long
3、er. (ignore)2) To say you were _ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)3) We are in complete _ of your plans. (ignore)4) There is _ light inside the cave. (dusk)5) The street lights come on at _ and go off at dawn. (dusk )6) Many words have been _ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)7) Theyve just
4、 had an _ to the family. (add)8) There are _ charges. (add).重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的,不安的;不适的 vt. (upset, upset)1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。22). Dont upset yourself - no harm has been done. 不要难过- 并没有造成伤害。3). He was horribly upset over he
5、r illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。be upset about/at 意为“ 为/对而感到不安”be upset by 被 打乱upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼用 upset 的适当形式填空1). Is it _ you, dear? 2). She felt rather _ on hearing the news. 3). Is it an _ message?4). Dont be _. It will be OK.2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系
6、到 n. 担心,关注;(利害)关系1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。2). The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。3). Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。as / so far as be concerned 关于;至于;就而言be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑be concerned in sth. 牵涉到,与有关,参与concern oneself with/in 从事,参与,干涉
7、feel/show concern about/for 担心/ 关心/挂念be concerned with 与有关的be concerned about/for 关心用 concern 的适当形式填空1). There is an article that _ the rise of the prices. 2). The children are rather _ about their mothers health. 3). Officials should _ themselves _ public affairs. 3. settle vt. 安家;定居;停留vt. 使定居,安家;解
8、决1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。3settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居中译英1). 都十一点了,她安不下心来工作。_2). 题目这么难,谁能解决?_答案: 1). Its eleven oclock now, but she cannot settle to wo
9、rk.2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?4. suffer vt. 受苦; 吃苦头:中译英1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。_2).他的脚痛得不得了。_答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 2). He suffers terribly with his feet.5. calm vt. I wont be able to see you tonight.我很抱歉今晚有急事,不能见你了。潜心辨析: come up/come up with
10、come up 被提出,其主语是被提出的内容,无被动语态。come up with 提出,主语是提出者,宾语是被提出的内容。come to 总计,达到 come on 加油,(催促)快点来吧 come along 过来,快点come out 暴露,出版 come about 发生,造成 come across 碰见, (偶然)发现come true 变成现实,成为现实come at 向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花;结果是come round 绕道而来;苏醒come down 落下,塌下come over(从远处)来到;横过come into use 开始使用h
11、ow come .?(表示理解) 怎么回事?when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时10小试牛刀:错误!未找到引用源。Come on. Lets get some sleep.走,咱们睡觉去错误!未找到引用源。She _some old photographs in a drawer.她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。(3) has come up (5) came across4.actually adv. 实际上,事实上( =in fact)错误!未找到引用源。Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet
12、 and communicate with each other . 事实上不同的文化交流渗透时,所有语言都会变化发展。错误!未找到引用源。Believe it or not ,he actually won. 信不信由你,他真赢了。The tree looks high and strong but _ its trunk is hollow .这棵树看上去又高又壮,实际上树干是空的。 (3) actually5.be based on/upon 以 为根据。其主动形式为 based on/upon 以某事物作为另一事物的根据。错误!未找到引用源。It was based more on G
13、erman than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的不是。 This news report _.这篇报道完全是以事实为根据的。The film _a novel by Lu Xun. 这部电影以鲁迅的小说为蓝本。错误!未找到引用源。There is a hole in the base of container.容器底部有个洞。错误!未找到引用源。That company has offices all over the world,but their base is in Paris.那家公司的办事处遍布全球
14、,但其总部在巴黎。5.(2)is based entirely on facts (3) is based on 6、at present 目前,现在At present,he is on holiday. 目前,他正在度假。He is free at present,and you can go to him for advice.他现在有空,你可以向他咨询。思维拓展:Present sth. to sb. = present sb.with sth. 把某物赠给某人Present 作前置定语意为“ 现在,当前的” ;作后置定语意为 “出席,到场的” 。Thirty guests _ at
15、the ceremony. 30 位客人出席了这次典礼。There are twenty children present.在坐的有 20 个孩子。The children _ flowers _ their teacher.孩子们献花给老师。5(3) were present (5) presented; to(1)present 的其他用法 :vt.赠送 ;提交;呈现;介绍。例如:They presented him with a bunch of flowers.11他们献给他一束鲜花。He had to present a smiling face though heavy-heart
16、ed.虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。n.礼物。例如:He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。(2)at present 现在;目前for the present 眼前;暂时be present to 出现在 面前 live in the present 顺应当前形势,只顾眼前up to/until the present 直到现在7、make use of 利用;使用So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabula
17、ry than ever before. 到十七世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量比任何时候都大。We must _ to study. 我们必须利用每一分钟去学习。 You can make any use of it as you like. 这个你随便用。3思维拓展: 看看还有哪些跟 make use of 相关的词组make good use of 好好利用 make the best use of 善用,充分利用make full use of 充分利用 make the most use of 尽量利用make use of 中 use 常用作先行词,make of 放在后面坐 use 的
18、定语。 小试牛刀:We should encourage him to _ his talent.我们应该鼓励他充分发挥他的才能。.(2) make use of every minute (4) make doog /full/the best/the most use of8、latter adj.后半的, (两者中)后者的The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.后者体现了美式英语的不同特色。Jane and Mary are good friends;the former is a teacher,
19、and the latter is a nurse.简和玛丽是好友,前者是老师,后者是护士。Of the two ,_is better than _ .两者中,后者比前者更佳。(3)the latter; the former129、such as 例如;像这样的English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、马来西亚及一些非洲国家,如南非,人们也说英语。Children like sweet foods such as chocolate.孩
20、子们喜欢巧克力之类的甜食。No one trusts _a man _ him.没人相信他那样的人。(3)such ;as (4) such as (5)for example 潜心辨析: such as/for example/that is1. such as 用于列举事物时放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且直接跟列举事物,无需逗号,它所列举事物不能等同于前面所提事物总和。2. for example 主要用于举例说明,其位置灵活,可位于句首,句中,句末,前后多用逗号隔开。3. that is 相当于 namely ,意为“即”,它所列举事物总量等于前面所提到事物总和。小试牛刀:He ha
21、s been to many countries _Singapore,Canada and Australia. 他去了很多国家,比如新加坡,加拿大和美国。错误!未找到引用源。There are similar words in many language,_,in French and Italian.在很多语言中有类似的词,例如法语和意大利语。My daughter chose two subjects on Sunday,that is,Chinese dancing and piano.6我女儿周日选修了两门课程,即中国舞蹈和钢琴。mand nso good a student14.
22、Geography also play a part in making dialect.地理位置在产生方言方面也起着一定的作用。(1)play a part in sth 在 起作用;在 中扮演角色Electricity plays an important part in our daily life.电在我们的日常生活中起着最重要的作用。Dont you think the wife plays the most important part in a family? 难道你不认为妻子在家庭中起最重要的作用吗?思维拓展:play a role in sth 在 中起作用;在 中扮演角色t
23、ake part in 参加take an active part in 积极参加the best part of sth.(某事物的)绝大部分(尤指一段时间)for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半for my part 就我来说15. Although many American move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.尽管许多美国人经常搬家,但是他们仍然能辨别和理解彼此的方言。recognize vt.辨认出,承认, 公认I recognized him as soon a
24、s he came in the room. 他一进屋我就认出了他。We recognized that task was not straight for ward.我们意识到这项任务并非轻而易举。We recognized him to be a great leader.我们承认他是一位伟大的领袖。15思维拓展:recognizeby/ from 通过 认出/ 辨别出recognize as 把 当做;承认 为recognize that 承认/意识到 It is recognized that 人们意识到 recognize sb. 认出某人recognize ones voice 听
25、出某人的声音recognize . as . 认定;承认为recognize sb./sth. . to be .认为某人/ 某事物是潜心辨析:know 意为“认识,熟悉,知道“,表示认识熟悉某人或某事,是个持续性动词。recognize 意为“辨认出”,指原来熟悉,经过一段时间后重新认出,是一个表示瞬间动作的动词。Realize 意为“意识到” ,强调经过一个过程后的完全了解。小试牛刀:请选择 recognize, know, realize 的适当的形式填空。I _ him ten years ago, but he had change so much that I can hardly
26、 _ him at present.1I have _ him for five years.2None of us _ the danger we were in.3.(1)knew; recognized (2)known (3)realized15.directionn. C 方向;方面;U指导;指挥思维拓展:in the direction of 朝的方向(=towards)in sbs direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under ones direction 在指导下(=under the direction of sb.)Tom went off in
27、one direction and Jack in another. 汤姆往一个方向走,杰克往另外一个方向走。Reforms are needed in many directions. 许多方面都需要改革。He is walking in the direction of the police station. 他正朝警察局的方向走去。He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她这个方向一看,俩人的眼睛相遇了。16The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee. 合唱团由李先生指挥。
28、温馨提示direction 意为“ 指示;指引;用法说明”等,通常要用复数形式。注意:表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时,也用复数形式。Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.请按药瓶上的说明服药。 小试牛刀:(1)单项填空Those who learn theory must develop the direction of practice. (2010山东枣庄一轮验收)A. to B. on C. in D. for(2)完成句子 (原创)I gave Mary full (地址)to enable her to find the post of
29、fice. He did the work (在我的指导下 ).(1)解析:选 C。in the direction of 为固定搭配,意为“朝方向”。注意不要用介词 to。(2) directions under my direction课文要点1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道世界上不只有一种英语吗?More than 在本句中意为“超过,多于”后常接表示数目的名词,相当于 over。Ive known David for more than 20 years 我认识戴维二十多年了。思维拓展: mo
30、re than one 后跟可数名词单数,尽管在概念上表示复数意义,但它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 “more than名词 ”表示“多于,不仅仅” ;“more than形容词”相当于“ 很,非常” ;“not more than 意为“最多” “至多”,相当于 at the most; not more than 意为“不如,更” ,表示的是一种比较。 No more than 意为“仅仅”“ 只有”,相当于 only;no more than 意为“和一样都不”,表示对两者同时否定。China Daily is_a paper,It helps us to improve our Eng
31、lish 中国日报不仅仅是一份报纸,它还帮助我们提高英语。All his income adds up to _(仅仅)500 yuan a month。2. In some important ways they are very different from one another。在一些重要方面,他们彼此差别很大。way n 路线;方法;途径way 是可数名词,单数形式可加 a 或其它跟定词,亦可以用复数形式,表示“ 在方面;以方式”,常用介词 in。 only in this way can you work out the problem。 只有使用这种方法你才能解决问题。归纳总结:
32、in the way 挡道 in a way 某种程度上 17in on way 绝不 by way of 途径 by the way 顺带一提way 后接定语时有 3 种方式:1、 way to do sth2、 way of doing sth3、 waythatin which省略clause(关系词都分在定语从句中作状语)小试牛刀:_(顺便问一下) ,where has he gone?I will buy some bread_(在回家的路上) 。3Why not go by underground? 为什么不坐地铁去呢?Why not do ?是个常用句型,用来提建议,意为 “为什
33、么不?”思考: what about?和 how about?也用于提建议,它之后的动词是什么形式?小试牛刀: How about _?我们去游泳怎样?4Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English 以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。句中 even if 是个连词短语,引导让步状语从句,含义是“即使,尽管”。让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来假设。Even if 相当于 even though,两者意思一样,用
34、法相同。潜心辨析: even ifthough 与 as ifthough前者引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”, “尽管”;后者引导方式状语从句,意为“ 仿佛”“好像”。I can still remember,_it was so long ago 1It seems_our team is going to win25. For example,India has a very large number of fluent English speakers1China may have the largest number of English learners2潜心辨析: a number
35、 of/the number of1、a number of 意为“ 一些,若干 ”,后接复数名词或代词,作主语时谓语动词须用复数形式。Number 前可用 large,great 等词修饰。2、the number of 意为“ 的数量 ”中心词是 number,作主语时谓语动词须用单数形式。小试牛刀:_students in our school _from the countryside1我们学校很多学生来自乡下。_cars _increasing in our country2我国汽车数在增加。6. Only time will tell 只好由时间作答了。18该句是一个省略句,完整句
36、是:Only time will tell whether Chinese English develops its own identity,为避免与上句重复而省略 tell 后的宾语从句。Will Jack be able to return home ?Only time will tell 杰克能否回到家乡,只能由时间回答了。难句剖析 1.(2)more than (3) no more than 2.(2)By the way (3) on my way 3.(1)going swimming 4. (1)even though (2) as if 5.(1)A number of
37、;are (2)The number of ; is 必修一 Unit 3 Travel journal 学案.核心单词1. persuadevt.说服;劝服;使相信(同 convince)常用结构:persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信联想拓展talk sb. into/out of doing sth.
38、=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 诱使某人做/不做某事urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 怂恿某人做/不做某事 易混辨析 advise/persuadeadvise 强调“劝告,建议” 的动作,不注重结果;而 persuade 强调“已经说服”,重在结果。用法上:advise 可跟 v.-ing 形式作宾语,也可以接 that-clause (that sb. should do),而 persuade 则不能。I persuaded him of
39、 its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。 We will persuade him to take the medicine. 我们将说服他把药吃下去。We persuaded her into taking the job. 我们说服她接受了这份工作。 I persuaded my father out of smoking.我劝服父亲戒了烟。 She persuaded me that death does not end all.她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not wan
40、t to. 即使她不想去上学,他还是说服她去了。He advised that we (should) leave early.他建议我们早点出发。 高手过招单项填空Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea. (2010安徽合肥八中检测)19A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuadeMr Li no longer smokes now because his wife him to give up smoking last year. (2010江苏常州检测题)A. s
41、uggested B. advisedC. persuaded D. told解析:选 D。句意为:爱丽丝信任你,唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 ;suggest 劝说、建议,后不接动词不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 诱惑,引诱,均不符题意。故选 D 项。解析:选 C。考查 advise sb. to do sth.和 persuade sb. to do sth.的区别。advise sb. to do sth. 意思是“劝某人做某事”,强调动作,尤其是表达“劝而不服” 时多用此结构;persuade sb. to
42、do sth. 意思是“ 劝服某人做某事”,强调结果。2. determine vt. (使)决定,决心要 ;确定常用结构:determine + n. / pron.决( 确)定determine to do sth.决定做某事 (表示动作,是非延续性动词短语)determine on upon .决定determine thatwhat .决定determine sbto do sth.使某人决定做某事determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth.决心做某事 (表示状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用)We determin
43、e to go to the railway station at once.我们决定立刻去火车站。The court determined that the man was guilty of assault. 法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。 That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了。联想拓展determined adj. 坚决的,有决心的 determination n. 决心I was determined to make it as a jazz musician. 我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。 温馨提示be det
44、ermined to do 与 determine to do 意思基本一致,但前者表示状态,可与某段时间状语连用;后者表示动作,是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有:prepare forbe prepared for,worry aboutbe worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。高手过招单项填空He left school early and as an adolescent, to make his fortune in America. (2010 江苏城头中学一轮检测)A. is determined B. had be determined C. dete
45、rmined D. determining20解析:选 C。考查 determine 的用法。根据句意应使用 be determined to 结构,此处 determined 为形容词作伴随状语。3. insist v. 坚持;坚决要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要坚持,就稍后再来吧。常用结构:insist on/upon sth./(sbs) doing sth.坚持某事/要求(某人)做某事insist that (should)坚持I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。He insi
46、sted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。温馨提示insist 当“坚决要求”解时,后面的从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语部分用 “should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形;如果 insist 当“坚持(认为;说) ”解时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。 高手过招单项填空The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (原创)A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in findingI advised that he to the hospital at once, but h