1、winxp安装参数大揭密（Winxp installation parameters revealed）“Phenol“ lessonThis class is a high school chemistry (upper SCIENCE EDITION) three grade science class book, the ninth chapter “derivatives of hydrocarbons“, the second section “alcohol and phenol“ third hours. In order to infiltrate the spirit of
2、the two curriculum reform in Shanghai, in the classroom teaching, through the students independent inquiry process, and infiltrate the organic chemistry learning methods, I will design the teaching process as follows:First, teaching materialscontent and statusIn alcohol and benzene and its homologue
3、s have learned knowledge, nature and effect of hydroxy groups on the benzene ring side chain, which laid a good foundation for studying properties of phenol; comparison of structure, the size of acid determines the nature of the thought for the class learning plays a guiding role in the ionization t
4、heory.Through the study of this lesson, students will have a more comprehensive understanding of the properties of phenolic hydroxyl groups and alcohol hydroxyl groups, while deepening the understanding of the interactions between atoms and clusters in molecules. The effect of hydroxyl on the benzen
5、e ring, the nature of the phenol molecule hydrogen atom in the benzene ring of the carbon atom in the hydroxyl group ortho and para on easy to be replaced, and lay the foundation for the next section of phenol and formaldehyde phenolic resin was prepared by the reaction of the principle of learning.
6、Phenol is an important chemical raw material, can be used for the manufacture of phenolic plastics (commonly known as bakelite), synthetic fiber (such as nylon), pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, explosives etc It plays an important role in industry, agriculture, national defense and medicine. Ther
7、efore, the nature of phenol is one of the focuses of this chapter.teaching objectives1. knowledge and skills:(1) enable students to understand the physical properties of phenol and its important role in industry and agriculture, national defense, medicine and so on;(2) on the basis of understanding
8、the molecular structure of phenol, we can master and apply the chemical properties of phenol;(3) a preliminary understanding of the interaction of atoms or clusters in molecules;(4) a method of learning that enables students to further learn to grasp the nature of organic structures by analyzing the
9、m.2. processes and methods:Through the study of the nature of phenol, students are trained to analyze, reason, judge, and think according to the experimental phenomena.3. emotions, attitudes and values:(1) cultivate a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and a scientific spirit of daring
10、to explore;(2) through the analysis of the structure and properties of phenol, a scientific method of thinking about the nature of structure determines the nature.emphasis the molecular structure and chemical properties of phenol.teaching difficulties comparison of the molecular structure and chemic
11、al properties of phenol and ethanol.The students in this section are the most common mistakes: there are two main products of phenol sodium and a small amount of CO2 was considered to be Na2CO3, but not NaHCO3; the reaction of phenol and concentrated water of white precipitate can be misinterpreted
12、as tribromophenol exist at any solvent precipitation. Therefore, in explaining the chemical properties of phenol, we must make these two aspects clear and clear, and through hands-on experiments to observe, deepen students understanding of knowledge.Two, say teaching methodIn order to achieve the ab
13、ove goal of teaching, combined with the actual situation of the characteristics of teaching materials and students, adopting comprehensive heuristic teaching method: the creation of scenarios - Inquiry Experiment: theoretical inference - Reflections on the application of the teaching method, and acc
14、ording to the content of the knowledge teaching, contrastive analysis, discussion and other methods of teaching organization.That is, pay attention to the guiding role of the theory, closely link the old and new knowledge, combine the experimental demonstration with the analogy of the material natur
15、e, and apply the new knowledge in a timely manner.In addition, with the aid of computers, physical projection, experimental instruments and medicines and other auxiliary means, it not only increases the class capacity, but also broadens the students horizons.Three, learning guidanceIn this section,
16、the following major learning methods are applied:1. Learn the methods of organic matter. Structure characteristics of organic compounds the interaction between functional groups and the chemical properties of functional groups: the use of knowledge to solve the chemical problems the excavation of th
17、e similarities and differences between similar substances.2, the method of experimental inquiry. Guide students in the experimental inquiry at the same time, should clear the purpose of the experiment, seriously observe the experimental phenomenon, reasoning and analysis of the experimental phenomen
18、on, the conclusions are summarized and summarized.Four, teaching procedures1, scene introduction:The phenol in the daily life (soap, chemical paste) is introduced, to stimulate students learning interest in the creation of phenol, interesting for students to learn new curriculum conception.2, initia
19、l phenol:Scene 1Student experiments: (1) organize students to observe the color and state of phenol, and to smell it carefully.(2) solubility experiments (cold water, hot water and ethanol)The color, state, flavor and solubility of phenol are emphasized.The key to teaching this lesson is to seize th
20、e molecular structure and chemical properties of phenol, and pay attention to the comparison of the molecular structure and chemical properties of ethanol. In order to highlight the important and difficult points and measures are taken: let the students understand the process of phenol in the struct
21、ure, doubt and contrast structure of ethanol, and the question into the chemical properties of the study, the experimental research and under the guidance of teachers decipherable, finally comprehend the structure determines the nature of scientific thought:3, doubt:situation two structural features
22、Through the observation of phenol model, and alcohol structure comparison, clear molecular structure characteristics of phenols: through the comparison of ethanol and phenol, the common point is that there are different hydroxyl groups of ethanol molecules is in alkyl chain (Yi Ji), and the phenol m
23、olecule is an aromatic (Ben Ji II); through the comparison of containing benzene alcohol and phenol, the characteristics of phenolic compounds with benzene ring structure and the structure is directly connected with hydroxyl groups and hydroxyl benzene ring, in order to make the structure clear by s
24、tudents. On this basis, the question arises: why does the same group contain hydroxyl groups? Why are the two substances, phenols and alcohols, substituted by benzene rings instead of alkyl groups? Whats the difference in chemical properties?4, poke the fogscene three extremely weak acidity(1) demon
25、stration experiment: after the phenol dissolves in the water, drops the sodium hydroxide solution, looks at the phenomenon in the test tube, then blows CO2, in the test tube the solution will also be able to do? What do these experimental phenomena show?According to the existing knowledge, students
26、can make a correct judgment: the phenol solution is first cloudy and clarified, and then clarified by CO2. The result shows that the phenol is acidic and weaker than carbonic acid.(2) ask the students to write down the corresponding reaction equations, there are differences in phenol sodium and CO2
27、reaction equation, that is a small amount of CO2, the product should be writing Na2CO3.(3) discussion: how can we prove that the product of the reaction of phenol sodium with CO2 and H2O is NaHCO3 or Na2CO3? (hint: can phenol and Na2CO3 coexist?)Experiments show that phenol and Na2CO3 can react, so
28、whether CO2 is excessive or not, the products are NaHCO3. Theory: a comparison of H2CO3, HCO3 and phenol ionization equilibrium constant size analysis to guide students from the strong acid and strong alkali can be generated by the reaction of weak acid and weak alkali, and phenol can make purple li
29、tmus red experimental facts, clear very weakly acidic phenol.(4) discussion: the same hydroxyl group, the hydroxyl radical of the ethanol molecule is difficult to ionize and not acidic, while the hydroxyl group in the phenol molecule can ionize H +, which shows weak acidity. What is the problem? Coa
30、ching students: the nature of the structure determined by the structure, through the comparison of ethanol and phenol, that is benzene effect on hydroxyl phenol, weak acid.scene four three yuan to replace(1) doubt whether the benzene ring will be affected by hydroxyl groups What is the nature of the
31、 benzene ring in the phenol molecule?(2) first please recall benzene and bromine condition and product substitution reaction, followed with phenol and bromine reaction compared to pave the way for. Then through the experimental operation, the experimental results and comparison of reaction equation,
32、 the benzene, phenol and bromine reaction respectively from the selection of reagents, reaction conditions, a few dollars instead of comparison, draw the conclusion: the effect of hydroxyl on the benzene ring, the phenol benzene ring in hydroxyl o, a hydrogen atom on the carbon atoms are easily repl
33、aced.(3) in the experiment of phenol by dropwise addition of bromine, let the students to observe the white precipitation process from without, and analyzed the generation of the whereabouts of tribromophenol. We came because the organic soluble in the organic matter, so when the amount of phenol is
34、 more, tribromophenol will dissolve in excess of phenol, which shows the precipitation disappear. Therefore, if the reaction is used to test for excess bromine phenol.situation four color development and oxidationThe color reaction and the oxidation of phenol in air are not the key and difficult poi
35、nts in this lesson. The color reaction can also be used to test the phenol, so compared with the generation of tribromophenol reaction, according to a simple method to select suitable conditions, phenol test. The oxidation of phenol is a pink explanation for students to observe the physical properti
36、es of phenol.5, summarize and reflect:Organizes the student to read the teaching material, with has just thought and the discussion result reads through this section content, again combs the mentality, clear the ponder, the inference process, grasps this section from the whole the key content.6, fee
37、dback exercises:(1) phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce a strong explosive. Please write down the chemical equation.(2) selecting suitable reagents and instruments to remove phenol from benzene.there are three possible solutions: heating water and separating liquid; because at 70
38、DEG C, phenol and water are miscible at any rate. The enrichment of bromine water, filtration; because white precipitate can generate tribromophenol. Adding sodium hydroxide solution to separate liquid, because the solution of phenol sodium is not miscible with benzene. The actual operation after th
39、e evaluation: the solubility of benzene and phenol in water are large, so the liquid water after benzene phenol can still, by adding FeCl3 test in benzene, so using this method for repeated operation.The organic matter can be dissolved in aqueous solution of benzene, can not see the white precipitat
40、e, also cannot be removed. The scheme is feasible, and CO2 can be produced by the phenol sodium solution in the liquid separation process, so that it can be used as a method for separating benzene and phenol7, layout homework.Six, say blackboard writingI. physical properties:1, colorless and special
41、 smell needle crystal;2, at room temperature, slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents.Two. Molecular structure:1. Phenol structure simple formula: molecular formula: C6H6O2. The structural characteristics of phenol: benzene ring structure, hydroxyl functional group and hydroxyl group
42、are connected with benzene ring.Three, chemical properties:1, very weak acidity:HNaOH, H2O(cloudy) (Cheng Qing)CO2H2O, NaHCO3(Cheng Qing) (cloudy)Acid: carbonic acid phenol2, three yuan to replace:3Br2, down 3HBr(tribromophenol, white precipitate)3, color reaction: purple when FeCl3 solution (test phenol)4, easily oxidized:Four, use:NUMPAGES 5PAGE 4EMBED ACD.ChemSketch.20OH- - Br|BrBr - -OH|OH|- OH- O- ONaEMBED ACD.ChemSketch.20- OH- ONa- OH*JimiSoft:, Unregistered, Software, Convert, Part, Of, File, Read, Help, To, Know, ONLY, How, To, Register.*
