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Airpak学习教程(翻译50页).doc

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1、 Airpak 2.0 使用指南办公室通风 简介 前言 问题描述 第一步:打开并定义一个新任务 第二步:创建模型 第三步:加入辐射和模型 第四步:计算网格 第五步:检查风状况 第五步:将模型保存到任务文件中 第六步:计算一个解决方案 第七步:检查结果 汇总 参考文献简介 这篇教程演示了如何使用 Airpak 在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室的模型教程中你将学会: 打开一个新任务 包括计算机模拟相对湿度影响的分布 创建 blocks, openings, vents, partitions, 和 walls 创建辐射影响的模型 改变计算机计算的迭代次数 计算一个结果 检查模型表面轮廓和物体表面

2、的矢量,以及横断面图 空气入口的粒子流轨迹 通过计算机计算检查 房间里的舒适度的预测平均值(PMV)和不满百分比(PPD)必装条件这个教程假设你对 airpak 没有经验,但是你很熟悉接口,如果您不是,请检查第一张的用户指南问题描述这个办公室分为两个部分,每部分包含一个人,坐在电脑前工作,如图 1.1。这个办公室还包括六个荧光灯、暖气片、空气入口、回风口,窗户。表面温度和空气流速剖面,目的是为了确定整个舒适的房间。Table 1.1: 几何参数 ,导热性 ,窗户和扩散器的流动边界条件尺寸 温度 速度进气口扩散 0.2 m 0.3 m 13.5 C 0.85 m/s窗户 3.65 m 1.16

3、m 30.9 C -Table 1.2: 热源的尺寸和性能热源 Size Power墙挂式取暖 1.2 m 0.1 m 0.2 m 1500 W人 0.4 m 0.35 m 1.1 m 75 WComputer 10.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m108 WComputer 20.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m173 W灯 0.2 m 1.2 m 0.15 m 34 WFigure 1.1:通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数Step 1: Open and Define a New Job 1. 启动 airpak,如简介 1.5 中说明的那样,打开任务面板将自动开启2. 为你的任务取一个名字(

4、a) In the Select the job to open text box, type /office at the end of the path. 在选择任务打开文字框内,输入/office 在路径的最后(b) Click Accept. 点击接受Airpak will create a default room with the dimensions 10 m 3 m 10 m, and display the room in the graphics window. Airpak 将创建一 个默认的尺 寸为 10x3x10 的房间,并放置在图形窗口内。You can rotat

5、e the room around a central point using the left mouse button, or you can translate it to any point on the screen using the middle mouse button. You can zoom into and out from the room using the right mouse button. To restore the room to its default orientation, click on Orient in the Options menu a

6、nd select Home from the Orient drop-down list. 左键围绕一个中心点旋转物体,你还可以用鼠标中键将它移动到任意一点,鼠标右键可以放大缩小视窗来进入或者退出房间。如果想把房间保存在默认位置,点击选项(Options )菜单中的确定方向(Orient)按钮,在下拉菜单中选择房间(Home)。3. Modify the overall problem definition to include the effects of chemical species mixing and turn on the ideal gas law. 修改总尺寸问题,定义包括

7、化学混合种类和打开理想气体定律File Problem (a) Select On next to Species and click Edit. Airpak will open the Species definitions panel. 选择 ON 在Species 项点击编辑Airpak 将打开种 类定义( Species definitions)面板i. Set the Initial concentration of h2o to 50. ii. Select RH from the menu to the right of the Initial concentration fi

8、eld for h2o. RH is the relative humidity of the air in the room specified as a percentage. iii. Click Accept. 1 选择水的初浓度(Initi al concentration)为 502 在初浓度组的右边菜单将水的参数设定为 RH,RH 是房间里的相对湿度百分比。3 点击接受(Accept)(b) Under Gravity vector, click the Advanced button. The Advanced problem setup panel will open. i.

9、 Turn on the Ideal gas law option and the Oper. density option and keep the default values for the operating pressure and density. ii. Click Accept.(c) Keep the default settings for all other parameters in the Problem setup panel. (d) Click Accept to save the new settings. 在重力矢量(Gravity vector)下点击高级

10、( Advanced)按钮 。将打开高级问题设定面板。1 打开理想气体定律(Ideal gas law)选项,工作密度(Oper. Densi ty)选项,工作压力和工作密度保持默认值。2 点击接受(C)保持问题设置(Problem setup)面板下的所有参数为默认。(d)点击接受( Accept)以保存新的设置。Step 2: Build the Model 创建模型To build the model, you will first resize the room to its proper size. Then you will create the features of the r

11、oom, including people (2), computers (2), lights (6), tables (2), a ventilation return and input diffuser, a radiator, a partition, and walls. 创建模型,你需要调整房间尺寸到合适程度,然后创建房间的容貌,包括人(2 个),电脑 (2 台),灯(6 个),桌子(2 张)一个回风口(ventilation retur n )和一个输入出风口(input diffuser)一个散热器 (radiator)一个隔断(partition,),和一堵墙1. Resi

12、ze the default room. 调整默认房 间尺寸Model Room (a) In the room Edit panel, enter the following coordinates: 在房间编辑(Edit )面板,进入下面的坐标。xS 0yS 0zS 0xE 5yE 3zE -4(b) Click Modify to resize the room. (c) Click on Orient in the Options menu and select Isometric from the Orient drop-down list to show an isometric

13、view of the room scaled to fit the graphics window. Note: The walls of the room are adiabatic and do not participate in radiation, by default. To include radiation effects at the boundaries of the room, you will define wall objects at the boundaries later in this step. (b)点击修改( Modify)来调整房间。点击 选项(Op

14、tions)菜单的确定 方向(Orien t )按钮,在下拉菜单中选择轴侧(Isome tric )来三维显示并将房间缩放到适应窗口。备注:房间内的墙体是绝热的,默认不参与辐射的计算。包括房间边界内的辐射效应,你可以在下面的步骤中定义墙体。2. Create the first person in the workspace. Note: There is a Person object in Airpak; however, for this simulation, the representation of the people will be simplified, i.e., the

15、people will be represented by hollow blocks that are energy sources. Tutorials 2 and 3 will make use of the Person object. 在工作区内创建第一个人备注:在 airpak 中有人 (Person)这种对象,但是,在这次模拟 中,人的表现将被简化,也就是说,人将被简化为类似于空心砖的能量源。教程 2 和教程 3将利用人(Person )这种对象。Model Blocks (砌块)(a) Click New in the block Edit panel. Airpak will

16、 create a new hollow prism block in the center of the room. You will need to change both the size of the block and its location within the room. (b) Click Edit to modify the default block in the Blocks panel. (c) Enter the following coordinates for the first person: A 点击砌块编辑面板(block Edit )上的新建(New)按

17、钮。Airpak 将创建一个新的空心棱柱砌块在房间中央,你可以改变房间内砌块的尺寸和位置。B 在 Block 面板,点击编辑(Edit )按钮来调整默认的砌块C 输入下面的坐标,为第一个人设置如下参数。xS 1.4 xE 1.8yS 0 yE 1.1zS -0.6 zE -0.95(d) In the Blocks panel, set the Total power under Thermal Specification to be 75 W. (e) Enter the name person1 in the Name field. (f) Click Update to modify t

18、he block. (D)在砌块( Blocks)面板,设定热力参数(Thermal Speci fication)下的总热力(Total power )值为 75W.(e)在名字( Name)输入框输入名字 person1(f)点击更新(Update )来调整砌块。3. Create the second person. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates for the second person: 创建第二个人A 点击砌块(Block)面板的新建(New)按钮。B 输入以下 坐标给第

19、二个人xS 3.6 xE 4.0yS 0 yE 1.1zS -3.05 zE -3.40(c) In the Blocks panel, set the Total power under Thermal Specification to be 75 W. (d) Enter the name person2 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C 在砌块(Block)面板,设定热力参数(Thermal Specification)下的总热力(Total power )值为 75W.D 在名字(Name)输入框输入

20、名字 person2E 点击更新 (Updat e)来更新砌块。4. Create the first computer. The computers will be represented by hollow blocks in front of the people in the office. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建第一台电脑电脑将被表示为办公室中人前面的一个空心砌块。A 点击砌块(Block)面板上的新建(New)按钮。B 输入下列 的坐标:xS 1.4 xE

21、1.8yS 0.7 yE 1.1zS 0 zE -0.4(c) Set the Total power to 108 W. (d) Enter the name computer1 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C 设定总热力(Total power)值为 75W.D 在名字(Name)输入框输入 名字 computer1E 点击更新 (Updat e)来更新砌块。5. Create the second computer. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Ente

22、r the following coordinates: 创建第二台电脑A 点击砌块(Block)面板上的新建(New)按钮。B 输入下列 的坐标:xS 3.6 xE 4.0yS 0.7 yE 1.1zS -3.6 zE -4.0(c) Set the Total power to 173 W. (d) Enter the name computer2 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C 设定总热力(Total power)值为 75W.D 在名字(Name)输入框输入 名字 computer2E 点击更新 (U

23、pdat e)来更新砌块。6. Create the radiator. This baseboard heater is the largest heat source in the room, and is represented in the simulation by a hollow prism block. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建暖气片这个墙挂暖气片是房间里最大的热源,在模拟中将被表现为一个空心棱柱砌块。A 点击砌块(Block)面板上的新建(New)按钮。

24、B 输入下列 的坐标:xS 0 xE 0.1yS 0 yE 0.2zS -1.4 zE -2.6(c) Set the Total power to 1500 W. (d) Enter the name baseboard-heater in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block.C 设定总热力(Total power)值为 1500W.D 在名字(Name)输入框输入 名字 baseboard-heaterE 点击更新 (Updat e)来更新砌块。 7. Create the first overhead fluoresc

25、ent lamp. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建架空荧光灯。A 点击砌块(Block)面板上的新建(New)按钮。B 输入下列 的坐标:xS 1.1 xE 1.3yS 2.85 yE 3.0zS -0.5 zE -1.7(c) Set the Total power to 34 W. (d) Enter the name lamp in the Name field. (e) Click Done to update the block and close the Block

26、s panel. C 设定总热力(Total power)值为 34W.D 在名字(Name)输入框输入 名字 lampE 点击更新 (Updat e)来更新砌块,关闭砌块(Block)面板。 8. Copy the first lamp ( lamp) to create the second and third lamps ( lamp.1 and lamp.2), each offset by 1.3 m in the x direction. (a) In the block Edit panel, select lamp in the Blocks list. (b) Click C

27、opy. The Copy block lamp panel will open. 复制第一个灯来创建第二个第三个灯,每个灯间隔X 方向 1.3 米A 在砌块修改(Block Edit)面板,在砌块(Blocks) 列表中选择lampB 点击复制 (Copy )C 砌块复制-灯( Copy block lamp)面板将打开(c) Enter 2 as the Number of copies. (d) Turn on the Translate option and specify an X offset of 1.3. (e) Click Apply. Airpak will create

28、two copies of the original lamp, each offset from the previous one by 1.3 m in the x direction. C 在复制数量(Number of copie s.)输入 2。D 勾选移动(Translate )选项,调节 X 偏移量为 1.3E 点击应用 (Apply)Airpak 将从源灯 创建两个复 制物体,每一个比前一个 X 方向偏移 1.3 米9. Create the remaining three overhead lamps. (a) Create a group consisting of the

29、 three existing lamps. 创建剩下的三个架空灯A 创建一个包含三个已存在的灯的群组。Model Groups (群组)i. Click Create in the Group control panel. ii. Click Add, and select Pattern from the drop-down list. The Pattern for group add panel will open. iii. Enter lamp* as the Pattern for objects to add. 1 点击群组控制(Group control)面板中的创建(Cre

30、at)按钮2 点击添加(ADD) 选择下拉菜 单里的模式(仿造)3 输入 lamp*在添加仿造物体(Pattern for objects to add)。iv. Click Accept. lamp, lamp.1, and lamp.2 will be added to the Objects in group list in the Group control panel. 4 点击接受lamp, lamp.1, 和 lamp.2 将被添加 到群组控制 ( Group control )面板中的群组中物体( Objects in group)(b) Make a copy of this

31、 group. i. In the Group control panel, click Copy to open the Copy group group.1 panel. ii. Enter 1 as the Number of copies. iii. Keep the Translate option turned on. iv. Set the Z offset to -1.8, and the X offset and Y offset to 0. v. Click Apply. The display will be updated to show all six lamps.

32、vi. Click Done to close the Group control panel. 复制群组1 在群组控制(Group control )面板点击复制(Copy)打开复制群组 1 (Copy group group.1) 面板2 在复制数量(Number of copie s)框内输入 23 保持移动( Trans late)选项已勾选4 设置 Z 方向偏移-1.8,x 方向 y 方向为 05 点击应用(Apply)。显示器将更 新显示所有六个灯6 点击完成(Done)来关闭群组控制(Group control )面板10. Create the air inlet diffus

33、er. 创建进气口Model Openings (a) Click New in the opening Edit panel. Airpak will create a 2D opening in the center of the room. You will need to change the size and orientation of the opening and specify the temperature and air flow information. 点击半开放空间编辑(Opening Edit)面板的新建(New )按钮Airpak 将创建一 个 2D 的半开放空

34、间在房间中央。你需要改变开放空间的尺寸和方向,确定温度和气流信息。(b) Click Edit to modify the default opening in the Openings panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the opening: B 在开放空 间(Openi ngs)面板点击编辑(Edit)按钮来改变默认开放空间C 将平面(Plane )改为 Y-ZD 为开放空间输入下列坐标xS 5.0 xE -yS 2.7 yE 2.9zS -1.85 zE -2.15(e

35、) In the lower half of the panel, select Temperature and enter a value of 13.5 C. (f) Select X Velocity and enter a value of -0.85 m/s. (g) Select Species and click Edit. Airpak will open the Species concentrations panel. E 在面板的 后半部分,选择温度(Temperatur e)按钮输入数值 13.5 CF 选择 X 方向速度,输入数值-0.85 m/s.G 选择种类(Sp

36、ecies)点击编辑(Edit)Airpak 将打开组 分浓度( Species concentrations )面板i. Enter a value of 50 for the Concentration of h2o. ii. Select RH from the menu to the right of the Concentration field for h2o. iii. Click Done to update the opening and close the panel. (h) Enter the name air-inlet in the Name field of th

37、e Openings panel. (i) Click Done to update the opening and close the Openings panel. 1 在水浓度(Conce ntration of h2o)输入数值 502 在菜单右边的浓度组选择 RH3 点击完成(Done),更新开放空间,关闭面板。H 在名字(Name)框内输入名 字 air-inlet在开放空间(Openings)面板I 点击完成(Done),更新开放空间,关闭面板。11. Create the ventilation return. 创建回风口Model Vents 排气口(a) Click New

38、 in the vent Edit panel (b) Click Edit to modify the default vent. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the vent: A 点击创建(Mew) 按钮在排气 口(Vents )面板B 点击编辑 (Edit )按钮来调整默认参数的排气口C 将平面(Plane )改为 Y-ZD 为排气口输入下列坐标:xS 5.0 xE -yS 0 yE 0.5zS -1.75 zE -2.25(e) Select Approach for the

39、 Velocity loss coefficient. (f) Retain the default Loss coefficient of 0. (g) Enter the name vent-return in the Name field. (h) Click Done to update the vent and close the Vents panel. E 将速度损 失系数(Velocity loss coefficient)选择为 approach 算法F 保持默认损失系数为0G 在名字(Name) 输入栏里输入名字 vent-returnH 点击完成(Done)来更新排气口,

40、关闭排气口(Vents)面板12. Create the office partition. 创建房间隔断Model Partitions (隔断)(a) Click New in the partition Edit panel. (b) Click Edit to modify the default partition in the Partitions panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the partition: A 点击新建(New )按钮在隔断编辑(Partiti

41、ons Edit)面板。B 点击编辑 (Edit )来调整默认的隔断在隔断(Partitions)面板C 改变平面为 Y-ZD 为隔断输入下列的坐标:xS 2.87 xE -yS 0 yE 3.0zS -2.0 zE -4.0(e) Enter the name partition in the Name field. (f) Click Update in the Partitions panel to modify the partition. E 输入名字 partitions在名称输入框内F 点击更新(Update)在隔断(Parti tions)面板来调整隔断。13. Create

42、the first office table. 创建第一张办公桌(a) Click New in the Partitions panel. (b) Change the Plane to X-Z. (c) Enter the following coordinates: A 点击新建(New )按钮在隔断(Partitions)面板B 将平面改 为 X-ZC 输入下列坐标xS 3.0 xE 5.0yS 0.6 yE -zS -3.524 zE -4.0(d) Enter the name table in the Name field. (e) Click Done to update th

43、e table and close the Partitions panel. E 输入名字 table在名称输入框内F 点击更新(Update)在隔断(Parti tions)面板来调整隔断。14. Copy the first table to create the second ( table.1). The second table will be offset from the first table by 3 m in the x direction and 3.524 m in the z direction. (a) In the partition Edit panel, s

44、elect table in the Partitions list. (b) Click Copy. The Copy partition table panel will open. (c) Keep the Translate option turned on. Specify an X offset of -3 m and a Z offset of 3.524 m. (d) Click Apply to copy the table and close the panel. 复制第一个桌子来创建第二个桌子(table.1)第二个桌子将和第一个桌子偏移 X方向 3 米,Z 方向 3.5

45、24 米A 在隔断编辑(partitions Edit)面板,隔断(Partitions)菜单中选择tableB 点击复制 (Copy ), 复制隔断-桌子(Copypartition table)面板将开启C 保持移动(Translate )选项开启,调节 X 方向偏移-3 米,Z 方向偏移 3.524 米D 点击应用(Apply)来复制桌子,关闭面板15. Create the office window. 创建办公室窗户Model Walls (a) Click New in the wall Edit panel. Airpak will create a wall in the ce

46、nter of the room. You will need to change the size and orientation of the wall and specify the temperature and radiation parameters. (b) Click Edit to modify the default wall in the Walls panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the window: A 点击新建(New )按钮在墙体编辑(Wall

47、 Edit)面板Airpak 将在房间 的中央创建 一堵墙,你需要更改墙的尺寸和方向,调整温度和辐射参数。B 点击墙(Wall)面板上的编辑(Edit)按钮,调整墙的默认参数C 改变墙体为 Y-Z 轴平面D 为窗户输入下列坐标:xS 0 xE -yS 1.671 yE 2.831zS -0.203 zE -3.853(e) Under Thermal data, select Outside temp and enter a value of 30.9 C. (f) Enter the name window in the Name field. (g) Click Update to upd

48、ate the window. E 在热性能 指标(Thermal data)下,选择户外温 度(Outside temp)输入数值 30.9 C.F 在名称栏输入名字 windowsG 点击更新(Updat e)更新窗户16. Create the floor for the room. 为房间创建地板(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b) Change the Plane to X-Z. (c) Enter the following coordinates for the floor: A 在墙面板点击新建(New)按钮B 改变平面 为 X-ZC 为地

49、板输入下列坐标xS 0 xE 5.0yS 0 yE -zS 0 zE -4.0(d) Enter the name floor in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the floor. D 在名称(Name)栏输入名字 floorE 点击更新 (Updat e)更新地板17. Create the left wall of the room. 为房间创建左墙(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: A 在墙体(Wall)面板点击新建(New)B 输入下列 坐标xS 0 xE 5.0yS 0 yE 3.0zS 0 zE -(c) Enter the name wall-left in the Name field. (d) Click Update to update the wall. C 名称栏内输入名字 wall-leftD 点击更新(Updat e)更新墙体18. Create the back wall of the room. 创建房间背面墙(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b)

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