1、2010 年高考英语重难点总结高一重难点总结Unit 1 Gd Friends一、语法Diret and Indiret Speeh(1)直接引语和间接引语1 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。eg: “I bre ur D plaer”(一般过去时改成过去完成时)He tld e he had bren D plaerenn said,”I have lst a b”(现在完成时改成过去完成时)enn said she had lst a bu said,”Ill g t see a friend”(一般将时改成过去将时)u said she uld g t see a fri
2、endHe said,”e hadnt finished ur her”(过去完成时保留原有的时态)He said the hadnt finished their her注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。2 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：ar said,” brther is an engineer”ar said her brther as and engineer3 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 hether 或 if 引导的宾语从句。如：He said
3、,”an u run, ie?”He ased ie hether/if he uld run4 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(as, rder, beg 等) sb (nt) t d sth”句型。如：“Pass e the ater, please”said heHe ased hi t pass her the ater直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句 ”的结构。如：She said,”Let s g t the inea”She suggested ging t the inea(或 She suggest
4、ed that the shuld g t the inea)二、聚焦高频考点1 倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用 s+谓语+主语，意为“ 某人也”。如：She lies dgs S d I前句为否定句，后句用 neither/nr+谓语+ 主语，意为“某人也不”。如：The girl has n brthers r sisters Neither/Nr have I2lnel, alne 和 lnealne=b neself, ithut therslnel=unhapp beause ne is alas aa fr his fail r friends， “孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的
5、“孤独 ”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示 “地方的荒凉”。lne 也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。eg: I alne but I nt lnelI an see nl ne lne star in the lud sleave sth alne 表示“ 不去理会，不要去管某事” 。如：Leave e alne!别理我!Let alne“更不用说” 。如：He ant spea apanese, let alne rite it作形容词时，alne 不能与 ver 连用, 而与 uh 连用，即说 uh alne 或ver uh alne 或 all alne；而 lnel 可与 ver
6、连用：ver lnel3treat sb as 把某人当作对待The ld an treated the rphan as his n sn“把某人看作 ”有以下几种说法：regard sb as =nsider sb as =thin f sb as “把误当作 ”: tae fr 如：Peple seties tae a rpe fr a snae4are abut 表示“关心，计较，在乎 ”，一般用于否定句。如：I dnt are abut ging t the ineaare fr 表示“关心，照料，喜欢 ”，如：She ared re fr ne lthes than fr anth
7、ing elseae friends ith sb 和人交朋友。如：e have ade a lt f friends ith the different peple all ver the rld6hunt fr“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，l fr 与 searh fr 或 hunt fr 互换。如：I hunted fr the issing b everherebe after 表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：Thats hat I a after7suh as 用列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与 lie 互换，但 suh as 用于列举时可分开使用。而 fr ex
8、aple 一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。brther lies lleting different inds f things, suh as ins, bs三、常用词语和句型1be int sth 对感兴趣，非常喜欢( 非正式英语)eg: I nt int lassial usi2be fnd f 酷爱，非常喜欢，与 en 相近，比 lie 感情强。eg: In his life, he is fnd f English3bring 主语为物，如：The b is bringbred 主语为人，如：He is bred4survive 幸存；
9、活下；残存；继续存在。He survived the traffi aidentnl three hundred huses survived the earthquae in that itsurvive 作不及物动词，表示“ 残存；留传 ”的意思。The ust still survives in that sall village四、日常交际用语Hi there I eI en singingI hate hiing and I nt int lassial usiI fnd f daningI (nt) sure that Perhaps He/She thins that is br
10、ing/terribleUnit 2 English arund the rld一、语法Diret and Indiret Speeh(2)不定式在间接引语中的运用祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词 as/tell/rder 等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用 tell/rder; 若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词 nt, 即 tell/rder sb nt t d sth 如：“Dnt se in the r,”he saidHe tld e nt t se in the r若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用 as，如
11、：“Please give the bird lean ater ever da” friend saidfriend ased e t give the bird lean ater ever da“uld u help e ith her?”she saidShe ased e t help her ith her her当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如：“hen shall e start?”he asedHe anted t n hen t start二、聚焦高频考点1a great/gd an+可数名词的复数形式，如：There are
12、 a great an Indian rds in Aerian Englisha nuber f+可数名词的复数形式，如：A nuber f teahers and students tae an ative part in the aththe nuber f 中的 nuber 指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：The nuber f the Dtr and asters in this priar shl is nl 202exept fr, exept, besides, but, but fr 用法区别exept fr 用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。eg
13、: The essa is generall gd exept fr se spelling istaesbut fr=ithut 表示“要不是”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：But fr the Part, e uld never get a gd lifeexept 和 besides 用于肯定句时，exept 表示 “除之外（不再有） ”强调除去部分；besides 表示“ 除之外（还有） ”强调还包括的部分。如：e all ent hiing exept a(a 不去)e all ent hiing besides a(a 也去)exept, besides, b
14、ut 用于否定句时可互换，如：Nbd uld get the ertifiatin exept/besides/but u谓语是 d 时，exept/but 后的不定式省去 t 如：He did nthing but/exept sta at he all daBut 前没有 d 时，but 后不定式要带 t，如：e have n hie but t ait3 定语从句中关系代词只能用 that 的情况1) 先行词是 all, fe, little, uh, sething, nthing, anthing 等。如：That is all that I ant t tell u2) 先行词被
15、all, fe, an, ever, little, n, se 修饰时。如：I have finished ever b (that) teaher lent e3) 被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：The send lessn that she learned ill never be frgtten4) 先行词被 nl, the ver, the sae, the last 修饰时，如：He is the nl ne that I ant t see)先行词既有人又有物时，如：e ere taling f things and persns that e reebered in the
16、 liberated area4as 作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as 可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：As e all n, English is spen all arund the rld(as 作宾语)As is nn t all, there is n ghst in the rld(as 作主语)助动词 d 使用不同的时态替代前提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：In the sae a Aerians use the expressin “I guess” ust as the British did (这里的 did 替代前面的
17、used the expressin “I guess”) 30 ears ag6 主语+have+(n, little, se, uh, great, ) diffiult/truble in ding sth 做某事有困难/麻烦。如：I have n diffiult in getting a b三、常用词语和句型1re r less 多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分eg: I hpe he an give u re r less helpThe hild is re r less tired2ean(eant, eant) 意味；打算；意欲I srr, I didnt ean t(我不是故意
18、的)ean t d 打算做He eant t have lunh hereean sb t d 打算做I ean u t have dinner ith e tnightean (ding) sth 打算做 T hi, ding nthing eans giving up3uniate ith sb 与 人沟通，通信。friend ften uniates ith a freigner b letteruniate sth t sb 把通知/告诉某人I lie uniating plans t hi4nledge 知识；认知；消息；nledge f” 了解”nledge f apanese i
19、s s prusin has a gd nledge f phsisall arund the rld=all ver/thrughut the rld四、日常交际用语an u spell that, please?I beg ur pardn?uld u repeat, please?H d u sa in English?hat d u ean b ?H d u prnune ?uld u spea a bit sll, please?hat des ena?Unit 3 Ging plaes一、语法The Present ntinuus Tense fr Future Atins1 现在
20、进行时表示一般现在时现在进行时有时用代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，为了表示一种情感：eg: He is alas helping thers(表示赞许的情感)She is alas ling t e(表示不满的情感)或是为了强调情况的暂时性。eg: I aling t shl beause bie is brenFr these three das, e are starting at 8:002 现在进行时可用表示将时, 现在进行时表示将时，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。特别是一些表示“移动性 ”的动词，如：g, e, arrive, leave, start, fl,
21、 get 等，常用进行时表示将时。如：ther is leaving fr anada trrH lng are u staing in Guangzhu?二、聚焦高频考点1nsider ding sth=thin f ding sth“考虑做某事”，如：I nsidering ging abrad fr further studnsider arefull befre taing atin 三思而后行nsider (as), regard as , treat as 都含“ 认为是”意思。nsider 侧重 “经过考虑而认为 ”，表示“一种比较客观的看法 ”, 如：nsider hat he
22、 said (as) reasnable 我认为他说的有道理。regard 指 “把认为”,“把看作”，表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”，如：He as regarded as the frest authrit n heistr 他被认为是化学最高权威。treat 表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”，重在行动，而不在认识，如：The ill nt be treated as eneies 他们不会被当做敌人对待。2eans=a，方式，方法。b eans f 通过；用；借助于，强调方式，方法。如：Nadas the Internet is an iprtant eans f uni
23、atin今天网络是信息交流的重要工具。The lal ar en helped the vitis f the earthquae b ever eans at their and当地的军人用一切可能办法帮助地震灾民。He libed the tree b eans f a ladder他用梯子爬上了树。常用短语：b all eans 一定；务必b an eans 用一切可能的方法或手段b n eans 决不，一点也不b this eans 用这种方法3equipent 装备；设备；必需品ffie equipent 办公室设备ur shl has been given se ne equipe
24、nt我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。A gd sleeping bag is an essential part f ever apers equipent一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。4n ne hand 一方面； n the ther hand 另一方面,如：I ant t g t the part, but n the ther hand I ught t be studing我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面说，我应该留下学习。get aa fr 从逃离，脱离，离开。如：He hped he uld get aa fr the eetingget aa ith (不可用被动语态 )
25、潜逃，逍遥法外。Dnt expet u an get aa ith the aident6prefer 与 t 搭配，表示“lie sth better than sth”如：I prefer ffee t teahih f these t fils d u prefer?prefer ding sth t ding sth(这里的动词用动名词形式) 表示相对于后一动作，更喜欢做前一个动作。I prefer ling t alingprefer t d rather than d 宁愿而不愿prefer t die rather than surrenderprefer t d 喜欢做某事，用
26、于只列举一个动作时。She prefers t be alne7h nt ?=h dnt u ?h nt g rafting ith us?=h dnt u g rafting ith us?8at the sae tie 同时at ties=seties 有时at all ties=alas 随时，无论什么时候at ne tie=ne 从前，曾经at a tie 一次，每次at n tie 决不，任何时候都不9unless：“除非” ， “如果不”ull fail in the exa unless u stud hard= If u dnt r hard, ull fail in the
27、exa三、常用词语和句型1tr ding sth 试着做某事eg: I tried ding all the things selftr t d sth 努力/尽力做某事(但未成功)eg: The dtr tried t persuade his patient t stp sing, but failed2experiene(n)经验( 不可数名词) ；经历；阅历( 可数名词)eg: I dnt thin he has enugh experiene fr the bexperiene(n)经验；体验；感受eg: an peple lie traveling t experiene life
28、 in ther untriesexperiened(ad)有经验的，熟练的eg: iss Liu is an experiened English teaher3be ppular ith 如：This dane is ppular ith ung peple这种舞很受青年人喜爱。4instead(adv)代替instead f=in plae f 后跟名词，代词，动名词或介词短语prtet fr 保护 免受 如：Dnt rr He ill prtet u fr being hurt6have t 意为“ 不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要；ust 则侧重于主观上的必要。7see sb ff
29、给某人送行8separate(ad)分离的，分开的；单独的。eg: ut the apple int three separate partssister and I sleep in separate bedsseparate(v)使分离，使分开。eg: Separate the gd nes fr the badseparate sth (up) int 分开( 几分)，分割成( 几段)The farer separated the land (up) int sall fields9ath ut fr sth 注意，警惕eg: ath ut! The bus is ingu ust at
30、h ut fr the ars hen u rss the ar四、日常交际用语Have a nie tie in Guangzhu!Sa “Hi” t Bb fr eHave a gd tripUnit 4 Unfrgettable experienes一、语法The Attributive lause(1)复习关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1h, h, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。eg: Is he the an h/that ants t see u?(h/that 在从句中主语)He is the an
31、h/that I et esterda(h/that 在从句中宾语 )2hse 用指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 f hih 互换)如：Please pass e the b hse ver is blue3hih, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可 作主语，宾语等。如：The b (hih/that) teaher lent e is ver interesting二、聚焦高频考点1be(get) arried 表示婚姻状态。如：The are arriedShe gt arried t a dtr如果要表示结婚的时间，可用表示行为动作的连系动词 get。h
32、en did he get arried?He gt arried in 1997如果是父母作主，把女儿“嫁” 出去，也用 arr，如：She arried all her daughtersShe arried her daughters t a farer2ur, happen, tae plae 都含“发生” 的意思。happen 为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”，如：The aident happened esterda事故发生在昨天。happen t sb/sth 指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上ur 属正式用语, 指 “按计划使某事或效果发生”，通常所指
33、的时间和事都比较确定，在以具体事物,事作主语时，可与 happen 互换，如：These events urred in 1909这些事发生于 1909 年。ur t sb/sth 指“ 某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中 ”，如：Didnt it ur t u t phne hi abut it?tae plae 指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物” ，如：The eeting t plae at 8:00 as planned按计划会议在八点举行了。3be n fire 着火，表状态。如：L ut! The pan is n fireath fire 表动作eg: The huse aught fi
34、re last nightn the fire 指的是炉火eg: The pan as n the fire4 现在分词作状语表示伴随情况。句中有两个以上的动作，除主要动作用谓语动词表示外，另一个伴随动作均可用现在分词表达。如：The next ent the first ave sept her dn, salling the gardenBefre the reahed the huse, a ne great ave ae, seeping dn trees, and seeping the dn tI sat at the gate, aiting fr u三、常用词语和句型1reeb
35、er t d sth 记着做还没做过的事情。eg: Shell reeber t send the letter fr u2reeber ding sth 对做过的事情还记得。eg: I reeber having et u befrereeber sb t 代问好/问候。如：Reeber e t ur parents3used t“表示过去常常做 ”该动作不是没有反复性。注意 used t 的否定式和疑问句：I used nt t lie lassial usi(此时 used t 作情态动词)I didnt use t lie lassial usiUsed u t lie pera?(此
36、时 used t 作情态动词)Did u use t lie pera?四、日常交际用语Help!I afraid t I afraidIt sares eDnt rrDnt be afraidItll be /all rightIts all right!ell dneu an d it!e n!Thats better/eep tringUnit The silver sreen一、语法The Attributive lause(2)复习由介词和关系代词共同引导的定语从句以及由关系副词 here, hen, h 引导的定语从句。“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定
37、语从句。这个结构中的介词可以是 in, n, abut, fr, fr, ith, t, at, f, ithut等，关系代词只可用 h 或 hih,不可用 that，且介词后面的关系词不能省略。另外某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词” 结构可以同关系副词 hen 和 here 互换。eg: This is the huse in hih u and I used t liveThis is the huse here (that) u and I used t liveIll reeber the das in hih u staed ith eIll reeber th
38、e das hen (that) u staed ith eIs this the reasn h (that) she as late?Is this the reasn fr hih she as late?二、聚焦高频考点1pla an (iprtant) rle in=pla an (iprtant) part in 在起( 重要)作用，担任(重要) 角色。如：hina is plaing an iprtant part in internatinal tradingeanu Reeves plaed an iprtant rle in Speed2e 表示“负债”，如：Dnt frg
39、et u still e e 000 RB!e t“感激；把归功于”The diretr ed his suess t his fail3affrd 买得起eg: He an affrd an apartent他能买得起一套住房。affrd 经受得住；承担得起eg: an u affrd $12000 fr ?你花得起 12000 美元买吗？I ant affrd three ees aa fr r我无法丢下工作三星期。affrd 提供；给予eg: The transatin affrded hi a gd prfit这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。eg: He tld e that the fir
40、uld nt affrd t pa suh large salaries他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。4fail t d sth 不能, 不(做), 忘记；疏忽eg: He failed t e他不能。She failed t pass the exa她考试不及格。thin highl f=sing high praise fr 高度评价，称赞某人/ 某物eg: All the peple thin highl f her gd deedsThe teaher sang highl f the little b6ae ents n/upn 评论某事eg: e are ased t ae
41、ents n the fil三、常用词语和句型1bee adult=gr up 成长，成人eg: hat are u ging t d hen u gr up?grn-up(ad)成年的eg: She has t grn-up sns2be faus fr 以而闻名eg: This tn is faus fr its beautiful buildings这个城镇以它那漂亮的建筑而出名。be faus as 作为而闻名eg: eanu Reeves is faus as an atr3ause(vt)引起，使发生ause sb t d stheg: I srr I have aused u s
42、 uh trubleur rds aused hi t hange his ind4ant help ding sth 忍不住做某事eg: I uldnt help laughing at his etae nes plae“就座” ；“代替某人的工作”eg: After e t ur plae, the eeting beganThe headaster ased fr a leave and I had t tae his plae四、日常交际用语u studied /red /ated at different First, and then hat did u d next?Final
43、l u fund a b as Later n hat ade u deide t ?hat rles did u at?hat d u thin f the fil?H lng have u been ring as ?Unit6 Gd anners一、GraarThe Restritive Attributive lause and Nn-Restritive Attributive lause 限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如：This i
44、s the ar hih e bught last earThe huse, hih I bught last ee, is ver bright二、聚焦高频考点1ean t d“打算，企图”。She eans t sta here fr t re dasean ding“意味着”issing the plane eans aiting fr anther hur2aplgise t sb fr sth/ding sth/hat 从句,为某事向某人道歉u shuld aplgise t ur teaher fr ing lateI aplgise fr istaesI ant t aplgis
45、e fr hat Ive dneae an aplg t sb fr sth 为某事向某人道歉She has ade an aplg t e fr her arelessness3frgive(frgave, frgiven)饶恕，豁免，宽恕。常指原谅一个人的过失ust frgive hi!Dnt frgive suh a persnexuse 表示语气，程度逐渐加强，指轻微的冒犯，失礼。Exuse e fr being latepardn 多指较正式，客气的请求。Please pardn e fr stepping u n the ft4at the table 餐桌旁e are disus
46、sing a questin at the tableat table 在进餐His fail are sitting at tablen the table 在桌面上；公开The unded slider are ling n the tableThe anager is ging t put the questin n the tableadvie(不可数名词 )a piee f advie/uh adviegive; fll/tae; as fr advie 提出，接受，征求意见eg: I usuall as fr his advieSe peple dnt lie taing ther
47、s advieadvise sb t d sth 劝告(建议)某人做某事eg: ther advised e t listen t BB nesAdvise+从句(从句用 shuld+动词原形，shuld 可省略)eg: She advised e that I (shuld) stud hard6be bus ith sth 忙于某事be bus ding sth 忙于做某事三、常用词语和句型1fault(性格上) 的缺点，毛病，过错eg: Taling t uh is his greatest faulterrr=istae( 理解，判断上的)错误，误会eg: She has an err
48、r in udging that an2t be surprised 被震惊t nes surprise 出乎某人意料的事in nes surprise(内部)惊奇3start ith/begin ith 从开始eg: The part started ith a sngend ith 以结尾eg: The trip ended ith an unhapp quarrel4drin t sbs health 为某人的健康干杯eg: Lets drin t is health四、日常交际用语Frgive e I ver srrh, thats all rightI aplgise fr h, e
49、ll, thats lifeI srr I didnt ean t Its ps Srr abut thatUnit 7 ulture relis一、语法The Passive Vie(1)现在完成时被动语态现在完成时的被动语态结构是“have/has been+过去分词” 。如：Great hanges have taen plae in hina sine 1978H an ne shpping alls have been set up here?二、聚焦高频考点1inlude 包括；包含。如：Prie $1490, pstage inluded价格 1490 美元，邮资包括在内。He had inluded a large nuber f funn stries in the speeh他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。比较以下两个句子：Eight peple hurt in the aident, inluding three hildrenEight peple hurt in the aident,
