1、預防措施及認識 Prevention & Control,HKWC-QMH-OSH CND AB-506,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS ) Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SRS) 嚴重急性呼吸道綜合症,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Prevention & Control,Knowledge of SARS Prevention at Workplace * Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)* Daily Cleansing *
2、 Terminal Cleansing 3. Personal Precaution * Healthy Lifestyle & Personal Hygiene 4. Donning & Removing PPE for SARS Cases,INFECTION CONTROL,INFECTION INFECTIOUS AGENTS CROSS CONTAMINATION CHAIN OF INFECTION PROCESS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTION RISK,INFECTION CONTROL (cont.),INFECTION an illness
3、produced by the invasion and multiplication of an infectious agent in body tissue. INFECTIOUS AGENTS are microorganisms that can cause disease INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY extremes of age; dysfunction immune system; very ill & high level of stress,AVOIDING CROSS CONTAMINATION “In health care facilities,
4、 it is essential that careful hand washing be done by all caretakers to avoid cross-contamination.” (Luckman & Sorensen, Basic Nursing, 3rd Edition, p. 506),INFECTION CONTROL (cont.),Chain of Infection,Portal of Entry,Susceptible Host,Infectious Agent,Reservoir,Portal of Exit,Mode of Transmission,Di
5、srupting the Chain,Portal of Entry,Susceptible Host,Infectious Agent,Reservoir,Portal of Exit,Mode of Transmission,Keep natural body defenses intact WASH HANDS,Maintain effective immunization. Limit Exposure Personal hygiene & Health life-style,Use disinfectants, antiseptics, antimicrobial drugs WAS
6、H HANDS,Maintain effective immunization. Limit Exposure WASH HANDS,WASH HANDS:- Wear gloves when handling body substances Control Sources: Air Movement, water & contacts,Block exit. Treat all body substances as potentially infectious WASH HANDS,WHAT IS SARS (SRS)? 嚴重急性呼吸道綜合症?,SARS - Coronavirus fami
7、ly (變 種冠狀病毒) Paramyxovirus,ATYPICAL Pneumonia: Influenza: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Adenovirus Chemical:,TYPICAL Pneumonia: Bacteria-Streptococcus,Unknown agents,典型肺炎,非典型肺炎: 支原體 過濾性病毒 化學性,病因不明,Typical Pneumonia 典型肺炎病徵及病狀,* Bacteria causing lung infection 肺炎鏈球菌 * Fever 發燒 * Chest pain 胸痛 * Cough 咳嗽 * Th
8、ick phlegm or mucus 咳濃痰,Cumulative Figures on SARS (11-05-2003) 3:00 P.M.,Most of the deaths occurred in individuals who have a history of chronic diseases, or were patients who sought treatment at a relatively late stage of infection.,Signs & Symptoms of SARS,Chest X-ray: changes compatible with pn
9、eumonia,Route of Transmission 傳播途徑,*Droplets 飛沫， *Direct contact and Patients secretions 直接傳染, 患者的呼吸道分泌物 * Fomites 中間媒介 Confined areas with poor ventilation 密閉空間 Aerosol l噴霧擴散,Routes of Entry,High Risk Group to Infection 感染病毒高危一族,Low Immunity 抵抗力薄弱 Over exhausted & Stressed 過度疲勞 Close contacts with
10、infected case 與患者有近距離接觸,Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment 診斷及治療,* History of Illness, Signs & Symptoms 病徵及病狀 * X-Ray Chest X光肺 * Blood for analyses 血液分析 * High-dose of steroid, Ribavirin and cover with board-spectrum antibiotics. 用對抗過濾性病毒的藥物和抑制免疫力的類固醇特效藥,Wearing Facemask 佩 戴 口 罩,Properly donned - sat
11、isfactory protection The general public may wear a facemask for self protection. Points to note 應注意事項: Wash hands before wearing a facemask. 佩戴口罩前必須清潔雙手。,Proper Hand Washing,1,2,3,4,5,6,Wearing Facemask (cont.),Follow the instructions on the packet carefully, Surgical facemask: The facemask should f
12、it snugly over the face. The coloured side of the facemask should face outside. Tie all the strings that keep the facemask in place or fix the rubber bands of the facemask round the ears properly. The facemask should fully cover the nose, mouth as well as the chin. The metallic wire part of the face
13、mask should be fixed securely over the bridge of the nose to prevent leakage. Under general circumstances, the surgical mask should be changed daily,Wearing of Surgical Mask,Wearing Facemask (cont.),Put the facemask into a plastic bag and tie it properly before putting it into a rubbish bin. Wash ha
14、nds before wearing a facemask. Replace the facemask immediately if it is damaged or soiled.,Wearing of Respirator N95,Hold respirator in hand,Cover Face with Mask,Bands over the head,Test Respirator N95,Fit Respirator N95 to face,Daily Disinfection,* Use domestic detergent to clean floor, and surfac
15、es, then use household bleach 1:50 to rinse floor and services. (Use 20 ml/cc household bleach + 980 ml/cc of tap water = 1000 ml/cc dilution)N.B: NEVER mix bleach solution with other chemicals or detergents.,MEASURES,5 c.c.,10 c.c.,15 c.c.,20c.c.,500 c.c.,500 c.c.,Daily Disinfection (Cont.),* Pay a
16、ttention to all sides of beds, head and foot ends, bed side rails, lockers; doors, door-knobs, door handles, pull-push trolleys, taps and sinks.* Use designated cleansing tools: cloth, mops buckets for isolated areas.,Put on disposable gloves & masks, wipe the vomitus, phlegm or body fluid with pape
17、r towel.Use household bleach 1:50 dilution to clean the affected area and the surrounding,Clean up of Spilt body fluids or vomitus,Clean up of Spilt body fluids: phlegm, vomitus or others 溢濺物的處理,Terminal Disinfection,Clean all floors and services first with domestic detergent, then household bleach
18、1:50 dilution to disinfect the floor, all corners and surfaces. Use domestic detergent to clean bed: head and foot ends, bed frames, mattress, side rails, lockers, pull-push trolley; handles, doors, door-knobs, taps & sinks. Then use household bleach 1:50 dilution to wipe all services washed with de
19、tergents.,Terminal Disinfection (Cont.),* Bedside medical equipment: stethoscope, sphygmomanometer must be cleansed and disinfected before using on other patients * Use 70% Alcohol wipe for parts that cannot be washed. Cuff of sphygmomanometer must be washed with household detergent, rise and dry we
20、ll before use * All surfaces of isolation room must be washed with household detergents, then disinfect with household bleach 1:50 dilution.,Precaution in Office Environment 預防措施辦公室,* Remind staff having cough & fever to consult doctor and be granted leave to stay at home * Personal hygiene, rigorou
21、s hand washing & wear masks if suffering from common cold. * Adequate spacing between office workers * Open window to allow circulation of fresh air. * Frequent cleaning of air-conditioning system and filters. * Daily vacuum clean floors and carpets, maintain good housekeeping.,Daily Disinfection (O
22、ffice),Personal Precautions 預防措施 個人,Precaution - Personal,* See to personal health and hygiene * Always cover mouth and nose with handkerchief of paper handkerchiefs/ tissue paper while sneezing, coughing or yawning. * Proper disposal of used paper handkerchiefs/ tissue paper. * Wash hand thoroughly
23、 after coughing, sneezing, toileting or using public facilities. * Immediate seek medical advice if having cough and fever,Personal Healthy Life Style 預防措施 個人 (绩),A balanced diet (adequate fat, protein carbohydrates) and plenty of fluid. Eliminate or minimize caffeine & alcoholic drinks均衡及充足的飲食，避免不健
24、康食品，如咖啡、酒精飲品 * Quit Smoking 戒煙,Jawetz,E; Melnick, J.L.& Adelber, E.A. (1987). Review of Medical Microbiology, 17th Ed. Appleton & Lange. Chapter 40 pp. 474,“The coronaviruses include human strains from the respiratory tract, avian infectioius brochiturs virus (IBV), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), an e
25、nteritis vius of swine and others” “Growth of humancoroaviruses are difficult in cell cultures.The optimal temp. for growth is 33-35C “Coronaviruses of lower animals can establish long-term infections in their natural hosts (pigs, chickens, mice). They may also set up inapparent persistent infection
26、s in humans.,Great Facts about Pork,“The 3,000 year old Confucian Book of Rites says, “A gentleman does not eat the flesh of pigs and dogs.“ Although many Chinese are avid eaters of pork today, physicians of ancient China recognized pork-eating as the root of many human ailments”. Influenza (flu) is
27、 one of the most famous illnesses which pigs share with humans. This illness is harbored in the lungs of pigs during the summer months and tends to affect pigs and humans in the cooler months. Sausage contains bits of pigs lungs, so those who eat pork sausage tend to suffer more during epidemics of
28、influenza. Pig meat contains excessive quantities of histamine and imidazole compounds, which can lead to itching and inflammation; growth hormone, which promotes inflammation and growth; sulphur-containing mesenchymal mucus, which leads to swelling and deposits of mucus in tendons and cartilage, re
29、sulting in arthritis, rheumatism, etc.,Personal Healthy Life Style (Cont.)預防措施 個人 (绩),* Daily & regular exercises (deep breathing, stretch and brisk walking) 常做運動，增強身體的扺抗力 * Adequate rest and sleep充足休息及睡眠，睡前摒除雜念 * Practice relaxation techniques練習鬆弛技巧 * Face stresses positively: Take stress as CHALLE
30、NGES 減低壓力,Daily Disinfection,* Use domestic detergent to clean floor, and surfaces, then use household bleach 1:100 to rinse floor and services. (Use 10ml/cc household bleach + 990 ml/cc of tap water = 1000 ml/cc dilution)N.B: NEVER mix bleach solution with other chemicals or detergents.,PREVENTION
31、AT HOME 預防措施 -家居,Daily Disinfection (Cont.),Pay attention to all sides of furniture: telephones, tables, chairs, chests, wardrobes, lockers; doors, door-knobs, door handles, pull-push trolleys, taps and sinks Toys should be regularly cleansed by immersing in to household bleach 1: 100 dilution for 3
32、0 minutes, then rinse well and dry.,Prevention at Home (Cont.),Do consult doctor immediately if any member of your family is having signs of common cold, fever or cough If your child or toddler is suspected suffering from flu symptoms, do not sent him/her to school or nursery 。 The affected family m
33、ember should wear a surgical mask to prevent spreading to other family members. The care-giver should also wear surgical mask while attending the affected/sick family member.,Public Washrooms 公用手洗間,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,WHO-LIST OF AFFECTED AREAS,Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance (Chapter 1
34、41) amended to control infectious disease,Regulation 4 of the Prevention of the Spread of Infectious Diseases Regulations requires medical practitioners to notify the Director of Health Amended: Sections 72 and 8(4) & First Schedule to the Ordinance and Form to Quarantine and Prevention of Disease O
35、rdinance (Amendment of First Schedule) Order 2003 and the Prevention of the Spread of Infectious Diseases Regulations (Amendment of Form) Order 2003With the addition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a total of 28 infectious diseases are included in the First Schedule to the Ordinance,The four d
36、esignated medical centres:,* Pamela Youde Child Assessment Centre (Shatin) 2/F, 31-33 Chap Wai Kon Street, Sha Tin * South Kwai Chung Jockey Club Polyclinic 310 Kwai Shing Circuit, Kwai Chung * Shek Kip Mei Health Centre 2 Berwick Street, Shek Kip Mei * Sai Ying Pun Jockey Club Clinic 6/F, 134 Queen
37、s Road West, Western,HA-SARS COUNSELING,心靈綠洲 - Oasis Centre of Personal Growth Address: 147B Argyle Street, KH Nurses Quarters, 1/F.Psychological Concern on SARS Tel.:： 1833 123 (09:00-17:00, Monday to Sunday) Pager：7305 2169 (17:00-09:00, Monday to Sunday)Association of Hong Kong Nursing Staff (AHK
38、NS) SARS Counseling Hotline：9832 4905 (14:00-17:00, Daily) SARS Enquiry：2314 6962,Atypical Pneumonia,Hong Kongs hygiene laws - safeguarding public health,Individual,The laws on health and quarantine set out in this pamphlet are contained in the Laws of Hong Kong or laid down in the common law. The r
39、elevant statutory laws include - Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap. 132) Hawker Regulation (Cap. 132 sub. leg. AI) Places of Amusement Regulation (Cap. 132 sub. leg. BA) Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation (Cap. 132 sub. leg. BK) Food Business Regulation (Cap. 1
40、32 sub. leg. X) Prevention of the Spread of Infectious Diseases Regulations (Cap. 141 sub. leg. B) Education Regulations (Cap. 279 sub. leg. A) Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D) In most cases, a person who contravenes any relevant provision is liable to a maxi
41、mum fine of $50,000 and imprisonment for one year. The offender may also be subject to civil claims.,Department of Health,Central Health Education Unit 24-hour Health Education Hotline: 2833 0111 Education and Manpower Bureau Hotline : 2892 2352Social Welfare Department Hotline : 2343 2255 Health Ta
42、lk Materials Presentation Slide - Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections (Microsoft PowerPoint Format ; Picture Format) Last updated on March 27, 2003,Related Websites,Ref: HA ICN:SRS Management & Guidelines HKMA - HKU CUHK DH - Leaflets * Prevention of Atypical Pneumonia* Atypical Pneumonia: Guidelines for the Workplace Wellness to All THANK YOU,
