1、Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been gi
2、ven support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, w
3、ater, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution,
4、 “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than
5、2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing t
6、imber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “
7、bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral
8、resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary Riv
9、er Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of
10、three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivost
11、ok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Orienta
12、l Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi检验真理的标准是什么？这是早被无产阶级的革命导师解决了的问题。但是这些年来，由于“四人帮”的破坏和他们控制下的舆论工具大量的歪曲宣传，把这个问题搞得混乱不堪。为了深入批判“四人帮”，肃清其流毒和影响，在这个问题上拨乱反正，十分必要。 检验真理的标准只能是社会实践 怎样区别真理与谬误呢？一八四五年，马克思就提出了检验真理的标准问题：“人的思维是否具有客观的真理性，这并不是一个理论的问题，而是一个实践的问题。人应该在
13、实践中证明自己思维的真理性，即自己思维的现实性和力量，亦即自己思维的此岸性。关于离开实践的思维是否具有现实性的争论，是一个纯粹经院哲学的问题。”（马克思恩格斯选集第 1 卷第 16 页）这就非常清楚地告诉我们，一个理论，是否正确反映了客观实际，是不是真理，只能靠社会实践来检验。这是马克思主义认识论的一个基本原理。 实践不仅是检验真理的标准，而且是唯一的标准。毛主席说：“真理只有一个，而究竟谁发现了真理，不依靠主观的夸张，而依靠客观的实践。只有千百万人民的革命实践，才是检验真理的尺度。”（新民主主义论）“真理的标准只能是社会的实践。”（ 实践论）这里说：“只能”、“才是”，就是说，标准只有一个，
14、没有第二个。这是因为，辩证唯物主义所说的真理是客观真理，是人的思想对于客观世界及其规律的正确反映。因此，作为检验真理的标准，就不能到主观领域内去寻找，不能到理论领域内去寻找，思想、理论、自身不能成为检验自身是否符合客观实际的标准，正如在法律上原告是否属实，不能依他自己的起诉为标准一样。作为检验真理的标准，必须具有把人的思想和客观世界联系起来的特性，否则就无法检验。人的社会实践是改造客观世界的活动，是主观见之于客观的东西。实践具有把思想和客观实际联系起来的特性。因此，正是实践，也只有 实践，才能够完成检验真理的任务。科学史上的无数事实，充分地说明了这个问题。 门德列捷夫根据原子量的变化，制定了元
15、素周期表，有人赞同，有人怀疑，争论不休。尔后，根据元素周期表发现了几种元素，它们的化学特性刚好符合元素周期表的预测。这样，元素周期表就被证实了是真理。哥白尼的太阳系学说在三百年里一直是一种假说，而当勒维烈从这个太阳系学说所提供的数据，不仅推算出一定还存在一个尚未知道的行星，而且还推算出这个行星在太空中的位置的时候，当加勒于一八四六年确实发现了海王星这颗行星的时候，哥白尼的太阳系学说才被证实了，成了公认的真理。 马克思主义之所以被承认为真理，正是千百万群众长期实践证实的结果。毛主席说： “马克思列宁主义之所以被称为真理，也不但在于马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林等人科学地构成这些学说的时候，而且在于
16、为尔后革命的阶级斗争和民族斗争的实践所证实的时候。”（实践论）马克思主义原是工人运动中的一个派别，开始并不出名，反动派围攻它，资产阶级学者反对它，其他的社会主义流派攻击它，但是，长期的革命实践证明了马克思主义是真理，终于成为国际共产主义运动的指导思想。 检验路线之正确与否，情形也是这样。马克思主义政党在制订自己的路线时，当然要从现实的阶级关系和阶级斗争的情况出发，依据革命理论的指导并且加以论证。但是，国际共产主义运动和各个革命政党的路线是否正确，同样必须由社会实践来检验。二十世纪初，国际共产主义运动和俄国工人运动中，都发生了列宁的马克思主义路线与第二国际修正主义路线的激烈斗争，那时第二国际的头
17、面人物是考茨基，列宁主义者是少数，斗争持续了很长一个时间。俄国十月革命和各国无产阶级革命的实践证明列宁主义是真理，宣告了第二国际修正主义路线的破产。 Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and
18、 Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omi
19、tted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air qua
20、lity at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable l
21、and (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest
22、land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons o
23、f mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five L
24、uo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on
25、 the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km fro
26、m XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS
27、 and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian
28、 border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi毛泽东思想是马克思列宁主义普遍真理与革命具体实践相结合的产物。毛主席的革命路线与“左”、右倾机会主义路线进行了长期的斗争。在一个时期内，毛主席的革命路线没有占主导地位。长期的革命斗争，成功的经验和失败的教训，从正反两个方面证明毛主席的革命路线是正确的，而“左”、右倾机
29、会主义路线是错误的。标准是什么呢？只有一个：就是千百万人民的社会实践。 理论与实践的统一，是马克思主义的一个最基本的原则 有的同志担心，坚持实践是检验真理的唯一标准，会削弱理论的意义。这种担心是多余的。凡是科学的理论，都不会害怕实践的检验。相反，只有坚持实践是检验真理的唯一标准，才能够使伪科学、伪理论现出原形，从而捍卫真正的科学与理论。这一点，对于澄清被“四人帮”搞得非常混乱的理论问题，具有特别重要的意义。 “四人帮”出于篡党夺权的反革命需要，鼓吹种种唯心论的先验论，反对实践是检验真理的标准。例如，他们炮制“天才论”，捏造文艺、教育等各条战线的“黑线专政”论，伪造老干部是民主派、民主派必然变成
30、走资派的“规律”，胡诌社会主义生产关系“是产生新的资产阶级分子的经济基础”的谬论，虚构儒法斗争继续到现在的无稽之谈，等等。所有这些，都曾经被奉为神圣不可侵犯的所谓“理论”，谁反对，就会被扣上反对马列主义、反对毛泽东思想的大帽子。但是，这些五花八门的谬论，根本经不起革命实践的检验，它们连同“四人帮”另立的“真理标准”，一个个都像肥皂泡那样很快破灭了。这个事实雄辩地说明，他们自吹自擂证明不了真理，大规模的宣传证明不了真理，强权证明不了真理。他们以马列主义、毛泽东思想的“权威”自居，实践证明他们是反马列主义，反毛泽东思想的政治骗子。 马列主义、毛泽东思想之所以有力量，正是由于它是经过实践检验了的客观
31、真理，正是由于它高度概括了实践经验，使之上升为理论，并用来指导实践。正因为这样，我们要非常重视革命理论。列宁指出：“没有革命的理论，就不会有革命的运动。”（列宁选集第 1 卷第 241 页）理论所以重要，就是在于它来源于实践，又能正确指导实践，而理论到底是不是正确地指导了实践以及怎样才能正确地指导实践，一点也离不开实践的检验。不掌握这个精神实质，那是不可能真正发挥理论的作用的。 有的同志说，我们批判修正主义，难道不是用马列主义、毛泽东思想去衡量，从而证明修正主义是错误的吗？我们说，是的，马列主义、毛泽东思想是我们批判修正主义的锐利武器，也是我们论证的根据。我们用马列主义、毛泽东思想的基本原理去
32、批判修正主义，这些基本原理是马、恩、列、斯和毛主席从革命斗争的实践经验概括起来的，它们被长期的实践证明为不易之真理；但同时我们用这些原理去批判修正主义，仍然一点也不能离开当前的（和过去的）实践，只有从实践经验出发，才能使这些原理显示出巨大的生命力；我们的批判只有结合大量的事实分析，才有说服力。不研究实践经验，不从实践经验出发，是不能最终驳倒修正主义的。 客观世界是不断发展的，实践是不断发展的。新事物新问题层出不穷，这就需要在马克思主义一般原理指导下研究新事物、新问题，不断作出新的概括，把理论推向前进。这些新的理论概括是否正确由什么来检验呢？只能用实践来检验。例如，列宁关于帝国主义时代个别国家或
33、少数国家可以取得社会主义革命胜利的学说，是一个新的结论，这个结论正确不正确，不能用马克思主义关于资本主义的一般理论去检验，只有帝国主义时代的实践，第一次世界大战和十月革命的实践，才能证明列宁这个学说是真理。 毛主席说：“理论与实践的统一，是马克思主义的一个最基本的原则”。（毛泽东选集第 5 卷第 297 页）坚持实践是检验真理的唯一标准，就是坚持马克思主义，坚持辩证唯物主义。 革命导师是坚持用实践检验真理的榜样 Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love,
34、will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, a
35、nd expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and wa
36、ters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the mos
37、t suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should
38、be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precio
39、us wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products produ
40、ction base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the
41、 eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Rus
42、sia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a paralle
43、l road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countrie
44、s and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi革
45、命导师们不仅提出了实践是检验真理的唯一标准，而且亲自作出了用实践去检验一切理论包括自己所提出的理论的光辉榜样。马克思和恩格斯对待他们所共同创造的著名的马克思主义科学文献共产党宣言的态度，就是许多事例当中的一个生动的例子。一八四八年宣言发表后，在四十五年中马克思和恩格斯一直在用实践来检验它。宣言的七篇序言，详细地记载了这个事实。首先，马克思恩格斯指出：“不管最近二十五年来的情况发生了多大的变化，这个宣言中所发挥的一般基本原理整个说来到现在还是完全正确的。”同时，他们又指出，“这些基本原理的实际运用，正如宣言中所说的，随时随地都要以当时的历史条件为转移。”（马克思恩格斯选集第一卷第二二八页）马克思
46、和恩格斯根据新实践的不断检验，包括新的历史事实的发现，曾对宣言的个别论点作了修改。例如，宣言第一章的第一句是：“到目前为止的一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史”。恩格斯在一八八八年的宣言英文版上加了一条注释，“确切地说，这是指有文字记载的历史。”（马克思恩格斯选集第一卷第二五一页）这是因为，宣言发表以后人们对于社会的史前史有了进一步的认识，特别是摩尔根的调查研究证明，在阶级社会以前，有一个很长的无阶级社会；阶级是社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物，并非从来就有的。可见，说“一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史”，并不确切。恩格斯根据新发现的历史事实，作了这个说明，修改了宣言的旧提法。宣言还有一个说法，说到
47、无产阶级要用暴力革命夺取政权，以推翻资产阶级。一八七二年，两位革命导师在他们共同签名的最后一篇序言中，明确指出：“由于最近二十五年来大工业已有很大发展而工人阶级的政党组织也跟着发展起来，由于首先有了二月革命的实际经验而后来尤其是有了无产阶级第一次掌握政权达两月之久的巴黎公社的实际经验，所以这个纲领现在有些地方已经过时了。特别是公社已经证明：工人阶级不能简单地掌握现成的国家机器，并运用它来达到自己的目的。”（马克思恩格斯选集第一卷第二二九页）列宁对马克思和恩格斯的这个说明十分重视，他认为这是对共产党宣言的一个“重要的修改 ”。（列宁选集第三卷第二一页） 正如华主席所指出的：“毛主席从来对思想理论
48、问题采取极其严肃和慎重的态度，他总是要让他的著作经过一段时间的实践的考验以后再来编定他的选集”。毛主席一贯严格要求不断用革命实践来检验自己提出的理论和路线。一九五五年毛主席在编辑中国农村的社会主义高潮一书的时候，写了一百零四篇按语。当时没有预料到一九五六年以后国际国内所发生的阶级斗争的新情况。因此，一九五八年在重印一部分按语的时候，毛主席特别写了一个说明，指出这些按语“其中有一些现在还没有丧失它们的意义。其中说：一九五五年是社会主义与资本主义决战取得基本胜利的一年，这样说不妥当。应当说：一九五五年是在生产关系的所有制方面取得基本胜利的一年，在生产关系的其他方面以及上层建筑的某些方面即思想战线方
49、面和政治战线方面，则或者还没有基本胜利，或者还没有完全胜利，还有待于尔后的努力。”（毛泽东选集第五卷第二二五页） 革命导师这种尊重实践的严肃的科学态度，给我们极大的教育。他们并不认为自己提出的理论是已经完成了的绝对真理或“顶峰”，可以不受实践检验的；并不认为只要是他们作出的结论不管实际情况如何都不能改变；更不要说那些根据个别情况作出的个别论断了。他们处处时时用实践来检验自己的理论、论断、指示，坚持真理，修正错误，尊重实践，尊重群众，毫无偏见。他们从不容许别人把他们的言论当作“圣经”来崇拜。毫无疑义，马克思主义的基本原理，马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，必须坚持，决不能动摇；但是，马克思主义的理论宝库并不是一堆僵死不变的教条，它要在实践中不断增加新的观点、新的结论，抛弃那些不再适合新情况的个别旧观点、旧结论。关于哲学，毛主席曾经说过：现在，我们已经进入社会主义时代，出现了一系列新的问题，如果只有几篇原有的哲学著作，不适应新的需要，写出新Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote
