1、毕业设计外文文献翻译院 系： 电子与电气工程系年级专业： 2010级电气工程及其自动化姓 名： 韩孟涛学 号： 102032118附 件： Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU指导老师评语：文献翻译总体完成质量较好，所选取的外文文献与毕业设计内容相近，正文的字数、格式等也都基本符合学院要求，但有些段落的翻译不够准确。指导教师签名：2014 年 1 月 10 日1Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU【ABSTRACT】The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fi
2、re a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MC
3、U. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager.【Key Words】fire alarm transducer，smoke sensor sy
4、stem，ATmega16I. INTRODUCTIONAutomatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technolo
5、gy development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm
6、 control system, and in some residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to
7、develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system.II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEMThe hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. No
8、n electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analog quantity to digital quantity. Finally, th
9、e sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals.2Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structure. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTSA. Atmega16The system used by the U.S. Atmels microcontroller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmeg
10、a16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction betwe
11、en the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG bou
12、ndary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential in
13、put stage programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator of programmable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows th
14、e program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose 3programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flas
15、h storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and
16、cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards.B. Temperature SensorTemperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS Semiconductor DS18B20-type si
17、ngle intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include:1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperatur
18、e value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).2) Temperature range is -55 +125 , measurement resolution of 0. 0625 .3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM.4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine.5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit.6) Inc
19、ludes parasitic power.DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty si
20、gnal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time currentlimited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip also can be an external site ala
21、rm buzzer.4Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram.C. Smoke Monitoring ModuleSmoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionization balan
22、ce. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside th
23、e ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1.TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATA5Smoke signals are pr
24、ocessed on the chip of choice is the Motorola companys MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the
25、internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. Its all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to s
26、tart oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the
27、 ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set t
28、o facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change,
29、voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sound
30、ed a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based. 6Figure 3. Smoke detection circuitD. Auto-dial alarm moduleDial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module
31、 built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or
32、group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up,
33、 do not rely on telephone and other external devices.EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5 connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does
34、 not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the 7telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high .Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagramIV. SOFIW AREDESIGN8Figure 5. T
35、he main program flow chartBecause in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substances in the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature se
36、nsor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when the tempera
37、ture reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke sensor and temperature sensor
38、 used in conjunction with greatly improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5.V. CONCLUSIONBy the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the 9temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic al
39、arm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages. So its application could greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm, and preve
40、nt failing of reporting and misinformation. The system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity.REFERENCES1 Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909.2 Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent
41、Analysis of office building fire.3 Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6).4 Honeywell (Honeywel1)s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4).5 Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation,
42、 Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004.6Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001.7 ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004. 10基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统【摘 要】本文介绍了基于
43、单片机的自动仓库火灾自动报警系统。该系统主要由ATmega16 的，温度传感器，烟雾传感器，EX-1 自动拨通报警模块。在系统，温度信号转换为串行数据，烟雾信号转化为电压信号。由 MCU 的所有数据进行处理。监控系统检查时，在仓库防火，报警信号被打开，同时消息通过 EX-1 传送到管理者。该系统的应用是由仓库经理有效地处理火灾。【关键词】火灾报警传感器，烟雾传感器系统，ATmega16 的温度传感器1 序言火灾自动报警控制系统经历了一个过程，从简单到复杂和情报系统在中国越来越多。其特点是自动火灾探测报警技术，随着计算机和检测技术的发展有很大的进步。目前，火灾自动报警控制系统采用大容量的抽水蓄能
44、电站，商场，高层办公楼，酒店和其他地方。他们被用在一些更高层次的总线型报警控制系统，智能报警控制方法的一个区域集中的集合，在一些居民区和商业楼宇安装了由单一的火灾自动报警检测装置。这些检测报警装置，有时失败报告，或误传。它的可靠性不高，因为使用单一传感器。因此，需要开发具有结构简单，成本低，可靠性高，响应快的火灾自动检测系统。2系统构成硬件框图如图 1 所示，由温度传感器，烟雾传感器，信号处理模块，MCU 模块和自动报警模块的硬件。非电气量，是通过传感元件传感器（烟雾传感器和成电信号，信号处理以及信号转换成模拟量，数字量，温度传感器）将现场温度，烟雾等非电信号。最后，对采样数据进行处理，并与单
45、片机系统的限制。该系统可以产生本地和远程自动报警信号。11图 1 火灾自动报警系统结构3 硬件组件A. Atmega16美国爱特梅尔的微控制器 ATmega16 单片机所使用的系统。 ATmega16 的基于 AVR RISC 结构的低功耗 8 位 CMOS 微控制器提高。由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16 的数据吞吐量高达 1 MIPS / MHz 的。从而减轻系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。 ATmega16 的有以下特点：16K 字节的系统内可编程 Flash（读取和写在同一时间，也就是有能力，RWW 区） ，512 字节 EEPROM，1K 字节 SRAM，
46、32 个通用 I / O 口线， 32 个通用工作寄存器， JTAG 边界扫描接口，支持片上调试编程，3 定时器/计数器（T / C） ，片内 /外中断，可编程串行 USART 有更灵活的方式，有初始条件探测器通用串行接口，8 通道 10 位具有可选差分输入级可编程增益（TQFP 封装）的 ADC，片上振荡器的可编程看门狗定时器，一个 SPI 串行端口，以及六个可以通过软件节电模式选择。该芯片是以 Atmel 高密度非易失性内存技术生产的片上 ISP Flash 允许程序存储器通12过 ISP 串行接口或编程的通用编程，你也可以运行在 AVR 内核之间的自举程序。引导程序可以使用任何接口下载申
47、请快闪记忆体领域（应用快闪记忆体） 。应用程序更新 Flash存储区时引导 Flash 区（引导闪存）程序继续运行，RWW 区操作实现。 ATmega16 的成为一个强大的 8 位 RISC CPU 的微控制器和系统单芯片可编程闪存，为许多嵌入式控制应用，提供了一个灵活和具有成本效益的解决方案。 ATmega16 的一个编程和系统开发工具集，包括：C 语言编译器，宏汇编，程序调试器/软件仿真器，仿真器和评估板。B. 温度传感器Dallas 半导体公司的 DS18B20-型单智能温度传感器的温度传感器制造，其性能特点包括：1）该传感器具有单总线专用技术，通过串口电缆，还可以通过其它 I / O
48、口线和电脑接口，无需通过其他转换电路直接输出被测温度值（9 位二进制数，用符号位） 。2）温度范围为-55+125，测量分辨率为 0。 0625。3）包含 64 修订通过激光只读存储器 ROM。4）适合各种单片机或系统机。5）用户可以设置每个温度的上限和下限分道扬镳。6）包括寄生电源。DS18B20 与主芯片连接图如图 2 所示：DS18B20 的数字一个引脚接地，然后在第三针和第二针，然后 5。 1K 的上拉电阻，在同一时间，收到了单一的 PD0 引脚输出信号。拉是拉电阻器的电流限制在同一时间通过嵌入在高的地方，阻力不确定性的信号。计划，以确保从 DQ 引脚处于高阻抗状态开始，让你可以上拉电
49、阻拉来的高 DQ 的。在同时主芯片也可以是外部的现场报警蜂鸣器。13图 2 DS18B20 与主芯片连接图。C.烟雾监控模块烟雾传感器选择 HIS-07 离子烟雾探测器，通过内外电离室电离电子流的流动不平衡时，集电极收费，直到目前的电离平衡。在无烟或无燃烧，收集受到碰撞电离电流的统计波动，保持平衡的潜力。电离电流影响烟雾进入电离室，容易进入电离室烟雾外，比内的影响，重新充电，直到新的平衡电位和集电极电流下降电离电离室时，这种潜在的变化可以用触发报警电路。技术参数如表 1。表 1 HIS-07 离子烟雾传感器 THCHNICAL 数据烟雾信号处理芯片的选择，是摩托罗拉公司的 MC14468，DIP16 管脚封装的MC14468，包含振荡器，定时器，闩锁，当没有检测到烟雾报警控制逻辑电路，高输入阻抗比较等，MC14468 内部振荡器，振荡周期 1.67s。每个 1.67s 循环内部电源提供整个14芯片的工作。这一切都保持除了指示灯闪烁，电池电压报警器，烟雾报警器检测到任何烟雾。振荡器的振荡周期变为 40ms 的 MC14448 一旦检测烟雾，此时压电蜂鸣器驱动电路开始振荡时，开始能够输出保持高 160 毫秒后停止在戒烟的变化检测 80ms.Continued在这个时候，如果没有检测到烟雾蜂鸣器会不会发出警告声。在图
