1、岩土工程17-1Aablation 消融（作用）abrasion 磨蚀absence 缺失absorbability 吸附力acceleration 加速度ground acceleration 地面加速度horizontal acceleration 水平加速度seismic acceleration 地震加速度acceptence of work 工程验收accretion 淤积accretion of river bottom 河底淤高accretion of sand 淤砂accuracy 精度accuracy of calibration 标定精度accuracy of measur
2、ement 量测精度accuracy of observation 观测精度accuracy of reading 读数精度acidimetry 酸量滴定法action 作用glacial action 冰川作用group pile action 桩群作用activity 活性volcanic activity 火山活动adhesion 粘聚力adjust 调整，对准adjustment 调整，对准adjustment of coordinates 坐标平差adjustment of observation 观察平差admixture 掺合物adsorption 吸附作用anion adsor
3、ption 阴离子吸附aeroview 鸟瞰图age 年代geologic(al) age 地质年代relative age 相对年代ageing 老化aggregate 骨料coarse aggregate 粗粒料fine aggregate 细粒料agitator 搅拌器A-horizon 淋溶层air-lock 气闸A-line A 线（塑性图alluvial fan 冲积扇alluviation 冲积（作用）alluvium 冲积层alternation 互层altitude 高程；高度amount 数量retained amount 筛余量amount of compression
4、压缩量amount of deflection 扰度amplitude 振幅，幅度allowable amplitude 容许振幅cyclic shear strain amplitude 周期剪应变振幅double amplitude 双振幅pulse amplitude 脉冲振幅relative amplitude 相对振幅strain amplitude 应变幅stress amplitude 应力幅amplitude of vibration 振幅analysis 分析brief analysis 简易分析complete water analysis 水的全分析correlation
5、 analysis 相关分析data analysis 数据分析differential thermal analysis 差热分析dynamic analysis 动态分析fabric analysis 组构分析grain-size analysis 粒径分析limit analysis 极限状态分析limit equilibrium analysis 极限平衡分析mechanical analysis 粒径分析mineralogical analysis 矿物分析numerical analysis 数值分析pollen analysis 花粉分析qualitative analysis
6、定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析random analysis 随机分析regression analysis 回归分析reliability analysis 可靠性分析sedimentation analysis 沉淀分析settlement analysis 沉降分析stability analysis 稳定性分析statistical analysis 统计分析岩土工程17-2tectonic analysis 构造分析trend surface analysis 趋势面分析analysis of strain 应变分析analysis of stress
7、应力分析analytic balance 分析天平anchor 锚cable anchor 索锚ground anchor 地锚anchorage 地锚anchor bolt 锚栓andesite 安山岩angle 角，角度angle of contact 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of internal friction 内摩擦角apparent angle of internal friction 表观内摩擦角angle of obliquity （应力的倾角angle of repose 休
8、止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing strength 剪切角angle of true internal friction 真内擦角slop angle 坡角anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用apparatus 仪器,设备box shear apparatus 盒式剪切仪consolidation apparatus 固结仪expansion apparatus 膨胀仪resonant column triaxial test apparatus 共振柱三轴仪simple shear apparatus 单剪仪tr
9、iaxial apparatus 三轴仪true triaxial apparatus 真三轴仪unconfined compression apparatus 无侧限压力仪vane shear apparatus 十字板剪切仪vibration triaxial apparatus 振动三轴仪application of load 施加荷载alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇aquiclude 隔水层；滞水层aquifer 含水层artesian aquifer 承压含水层；自流水层confined aquifer 承压含水层finite aquifer 有限含水层infinite aq
10、uifer 无限含水层unconfined aquifer 非承压水含水层aquitard 弱含水层arching 拱作用area 区域，地区active drainage area 有效排水面积active seismical area 地震活动区alimentation area 补给区bearing area 承压面积borrow area 采料场building area 建筑面积built-up area 已建面积catchment area 汇水面积development area 开发区housing area 居住区marsh area 沼泽区recharge area 补给区
11、water collecting area 积水面积work-out area 采空区area of passage 过水面积area of well influence 井影响面积arenite 砂质岩areometer 比重计argillite 泥质岩attenuation 衰减atteration 冲积土attitude 产状attitude of rocks 岩层产状attitude of stratum 地层产状auger 麻花钻clean-out auger 清孔钻expanding auger 扩孔钻hand-operated auger 手摇麻花钻hand-operated a
12、uger 手摇螺旋钻manual auger 手摇麻花钻auger with hydraulic feed 液压给进式螺旋钻axial thrust 轴向推力axis 轴axis of fold 褶皱轴axis of principal stress 主应力轴axis of symmetry 对称轴岩土工程17-3Bback calculation 反算法backfill 回填土bahymetry 测深法banded lode 带状矿脉bar 杆，钻杆basalt 玄武岩base 基础，底部enlarged base 扩底（桩工foundation base 基础底面base of slope
13、 坡角base tilt factor 基底倾斜因数（地基承载力）base-line 基线basement 地下室basin 盆地block basin 断块盆地intermontane basin 山间盆地low river basin （河流）下游流域river basin 流域subsidence basin 沉陷盆地tectonic basin 构造盆地beam 梁concrete beam 混凝土梁foundation beam 地基梁bearing 方位角，承载allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力bearing graph 反应曲线（桩工）bed （一）
14、层，床coal bed 煤层confining bed 隔水层foundation bed 基础垫层intercalated bed 间层，夹层river bed 河床water-bearing bed 含水层bedding 基床，层面，层理concordant bedding 整合层面cross bedding 交错层理diagonal bedding 斜层理bedrock 基岩behaviour 性状bend in river 河曲biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态binder 胶结物clay binder 粘土胶结物bit 钻头auger bit 螺旋钻头bor
15、ing bit 钻头chopping bit 冲击钻头blanket 铺盖clay blanket 粘土铺盖（水工）block 块anchor block 锚块upthrown block 上升盘blow-in 涌入bluff 悬崖bog 沼泽boiling 翻浆bore 钻孔counter bore 扩空钻borehole 钻孔cased borehole 套管钻孔lined borehole 下套管的钻孔observation borehole 观察孔（井）boring 钻（探）percussion boring 冲击钻探rotary boring 回转钻进slurry boring 泥浆
16、钻进wash boring 清水钻进boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring frame 钻架bottom 底foundation bottom 基底river bottom 河底 trench bottom 沟底valley bottom 谷底boulder 漂石boundary 边界braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑bubble 气泡building 建筑物high-rise building 高层建筑物bulkhead 岸壁anchored bulkhead 锚定岸壁bulking 体胀burden 覆盖层岩土工程17-4burette 滴
17、定管butt 平桩头CCD-test=consolidated-drained triaxisl compression test 固结排水三轴压缩试验CL-test=continual loading test 连续加荷固结试验CPT=cone penetration test 圆锥触探试验CRP-test=constant rate of penetration test 等速贯入试验（桩工）CRU-test=constant rate of uplift test 等速上拔试验（桩工）CU-test=consolidated undrained triaxial compression
18、test 固结不排水三轴压缩试验CBR=California Bearing Ratio 加州承载比caisson 箱，沉箱box caisson 沉箱drilled caisson 钻孔沉井open caisson 沉井calculated self-weight collapse 计算自重湿陷量calibration 标定cambering 上拱度Camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever 悬臂canyon 峡谷capacity 容量design capacity 设计承载力discharge capacity 排水量evaporation capacity 蒸发量exchang
19、e capacity 交换容量infiltration capacity 入渗量ultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力capacity of driven pile 打入桩的承载力capacity of saturation 饱和量capacity of well 井流量capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillometer 毛细管试验仪carbon-14 dating 碳14 年代测定法Carlson stress meter
20、 卡尔逊应力计case-in 下套管 case study 实例研究casing 套管boring casing 钻探套管catch-drain 截水沟cation 阳离子cavern 洞穴caving 坍落cell 单元，盒double diaphragm pressure cell 双膜式土压力盒earth pressure cell 土压力盒pressure cell 压力盒settlement cell 沉降盒strain cell 应变盒triaxial cell 三轴仪压力盒cementing agent 胶结剂cementation 胶结作用chalk 白垩chamber 室ro
21、ck chamber 岩石洞室triaxial chamber 三轴压力室change 变化periodic change 周期性变化principal stress change 主应力变化channel 沟，水道diversion channel 分水沟drain channel 排水沟headrace channel 引水沟character 特征，特性lithologic character 岩性特征dynamic characteristic 动力特性general characteristic 一般特性liquefaction characteristic 液化特性engineer
22、ing characteristic of rock 岩石的工程性能chart 表（图）calculating chart 计算图表classification chart 分类表岩土工程17-5influence chart 感应图plasticity chart 塑性图seismicity chart 地震烈度图Taylors stability chart 泰勒土坡稳定图chemical equivalent 化学当量cinder 炉渣circlar arc analysis 圆弧分析法circle 圆，弧circle of stress 应力圆critical circle 临界圆Mo
23、hrs circle 摩尔圆slip circle 滑弧toe circle 坡脚圆classfication 分类soil classfication 土的分类visual soil classfication 土的肉眼分类Cassagrandes soil classification 卡萨格兰德土分类法clay classification 粘土分类landslide classification 滑坡分类quick soil classification 土的简易分类法rock classification 岩石分类soil classification 土的分类unified soi
24、l classification 土的统一分类classification of the qualitative system 定性分类法clay 粘土clay fraction 粘粒粒组clay partings 粘土夹层normally consolidated clay 正常团结粘土overconsolidated clay 超固结粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土sensitive clay 灵敏性粘土silty clay 粉质粘土underconsolidated clay 欠固结粘土varved clay 成层粘土，纹泥cleaning 清理场地clinometer 测斜仪clog
25、ging 淤塞coagulant 凝聚剂coagulantion 凝聚作用cobble 卵石code 规范（程）aseismic code 抗震规范building code 建筑法规code for soil and foundation 地基与基础规范coefficient 系数earth pressure coefficient 土压力系数empirical coefficient 经验系数influence coefficient 影响系数passive earth pressure coefficient 被动土压力系数restitution coefficient （桩的）回弹系数
26、coefficient between layers 层间系数，管涌比coefficient of active earth pressure 主动土压力系数coefficient of adhesion 粘着系数coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数
27、coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressure 土压力系数coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数coefficient of elastic uniform compression 弹性均匀压缩系数coefficient of foundation ditchs rebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of horizontal consolidation 水平固结系数coefficient o
28、f lateral pressure 侧压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of pore pressure 孔隙压力系数coefficient of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数岩土工程17-6coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coeffi
29、cient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction 基床反力系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of storage 储水系数cofferdam 围堰cohesion 内聚力apparent cohesion 表观粘聚力effective cohesion 有效内聚力original cohesion 原始内聚力residual cohe
30、sion 残余内聚力total cohesion 总内聚力collapse 塌陷；湿陷calculated self-weight collapse 计算自重湿陷量total collapse 总湿陷量collapsibility 湿陷性compacted lift 压实分层厚度compaction 压实；夯实downhole dynamic compaction DDC 工法dynamic compaction 动力压实，强夯percent compaction 压实系数piling compaction 打桩挤密roller compaction 碾压soil compaction 土的压
31、实compaction by driving 夯实compaction by layers 分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller 振动碾压法compaction by vibration 振动压实compactness 密实度compactor 压实机compactor pass 击实遍数compressibility 压缩性bulk compressibility 体积压缩性compression 压缩axial compression 轴向压缩confined compression 侧限压缩elastic
32、 compression 弹性压缩initial compression 初始压缩lateral compression 侧向压缩primary compression 主压缩secondary compression 次固结simple compression 单向压缩unconfined compression 无侧限压缩concentration 集中concentration of stresses 应力集中concrete 混凝土plain concrete 素混凝土reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土concretion 结核calcareous concretion
33、 钙质结核iron concretion 铁质结核loess concretion 姜结石condition 状态，条件artesian condition 承压（水）状态construction condition 施工条件critical condition 临界条件engineering geologic condition 工程地质条件failure condition 破坏条件geological condition 地质条件hydrogeologic(al) condition 水文地质条件initial condition 初始条件initial placement condit
34、ion 初始填筑条件limiting condition 极限条件natural condition 自然条件stress condition 应力状态conduit 管道closed conduit 封闭管道covered conduit 暗沟cone 圆锥体balance cone 平衡锥( 稠度试验)Dutch cone 荷兰式圆锥仪cone of depression 降落漏斗cone of recharge 补给漏斗cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪consistency 稠度consistency limit 稠度界限岩土工程17-7consistency index
35、稠度指数natural consistency 天然稠度consolidation 加固，固结accelerated consolidation 加速加固anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结deep consolidation 深层加固dynamic consolidation 强夯法normal consolidation 正常固结percent consolidation 固结度primary consolidation 主固结secondary consolidation 二次固结three-dimensional consolidation 三维固结con
36、solidation of soft foundation 软弱地基加固consolidometer 固结仪fixed-ring consolidometer 固定环式固结仪construction 建筑Culmann construction 库尔曼图解法（土力学）earthquake-proof construction 抗震建筑contact 接触conformable contact 整合接触content 容量critical water content 临界含水量initial moisture content 初始含水量maximum molecular water conten
37、t 最大分子吸水量moisture content 含水量nature moisture content 天然含水量optimum moisture content 最优含水量organic content 有机质含量salt content 含盐量water content 含水量contour-interval 等高距control 控制remote control 遥控strain control 应变控制control on slope stability 对斜坡稳定性的控制conventional 常规的coordinates 坐标absolute coordinates 绝对坐标a
38、ssumed coordinates 假定坐标geographic coordinates 地理坐标rectangular coordinates 直角坐标core 岩芯；心墙membrane correction 橡皮膜校正(三轴试验)corrosion 侵蚀count 计数，击数blow count 击数light sounding test blow count 钎探击数SPT blow count 标准贯入击数course 过程，层bearing course 承压垫层bedding course 垫层supporting course 持力层upper course 上游crack
39、裂缝eye visible crack 肉眼可见裂缝horizontal crack 水平裂缝longitudinal crack 纵向裂缝settlement crack 沉降裂缝shear crack 剪切裂缝tension crack 张裂隙transverse crack 横向裂缝weathering crack 风化裂缝creep 蠕变criterion 准则failure criterion 破坏准则interim criterion 暂行准则Mohr-Coulomb criterion 摩尔-库仑准则Tresca criterion 特莱斯卡准则yield criterion 屈
40、服准则crop 露头crosshair 十字丝（测）cross-wire 十字丝crust 外壳，硬壳weathering crust 风化壳crust of weathering 风化壳culvert 涵洞arch culvert 拱形涵洞drainage culvert 排水涵洞岩土工程17-8inlet culvert 进水涵洞pipe culvert 管涵curve 曲线abnormal curve 非正常曲线accumulation curve 累积曲线calibration curve 标定曲线characteristic curve 特性曲线compression curve 压
41、缩曲线consolidation curve 固结曲线correlation curve 相关曲线creep-time curve 蠕变时间曲线curve board 曲线板deflection curve 扰度曲线depression curve 浸润曲线depth curve 深度曲线drawdown curve （地下水位）降深曲线drawdown curve 水位下降曲线duration curve 历时曲线enveloping curve 包络曲线flow curve 流量曲线grain size accumulation curve 粒径累积曲线grain-size distrib
42、ution curve 粒径分布曲线intrinsic shear strength curve 摩尔圆强度包络线load strain curve 载荷应变曲线load-settlement curve 荷载 -沉降曲线master curve 量板mechanical analysis curve 粒径分析曲线moisture-density curve 击实曲线pressure-void ratio curve 压缩曲线rebound curve 回弹曲线response curve 反应（特性）曲线skip grading curve 不连续级配曲线sieve curve 筛分曲线st
43、andard curve 标准曲线stress-penetration curve （CBR 试验的）应力贯入曲线stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线temperature variation curve 温度变化曲线time-travel curve 时距曲线unloading curve 卸荷曲线virgin compression curve 原始压缩曲线cushion 垫层gravel-sand cushion 砂砾垫层lime-soil cushion 灰土垫层plan soil cushion 素土垫层sand-gravel cushion 砂石垫层cut 挖方he
44、avy cut 深挖open cut 大开挖shallow cut 浅挖cuttings 钻屑cuttability 可挖性cycle 循环，周期hydrological cycle 水文循环reversible cycle 可逆循环water cycle 水循环cycle of loads 荷载周期cycle of stress 应力周期cycle of stress reversal 应力交变周期cycle of vibration 振动周期Ddado 护壁板dam 坝concrete dam 混凝土坝earth dam 土坝earth-rock dam 土石坝filter dam 透水坝
45、flood dam 防洪坝rockfill dam 堆石坝rolled dam 碾压土坝stone dam 石坝damping 阻尼critical damping 临界阻尼data 数据data acquisition 数据收集correction data 修正数据data collection 数据收集empirical data 经验数据existing data 现有资料experimental data 试验数据explorating data 勘探数据hydrological data 水文数据岩土工程17-9original data 原始数据reference data 参考
46、资料statistical data 统计数据（资料）test data 试验数据dating 年代测定datum 基准点geodetic(al) datum 大地基准点debouch 河口debris flow 泥石流debris from demolition 建筑拆除垃圾decline of water table 水位下降decomposition 分解decompression 卸荷deflection 变形deflection inclinometer 测斜仪deflocculant 分散剂deflocculation 反絮凝作用deformation 变形angular defo
47、rmation 角变形bearing deformation 承压变形compressive deformation 压缩变形consolidation deformation 固结变形elastic deformation 弹性变形elasto-plastic deformation 弹塑性变形homegeneous deformation 均匀变形lateral deformation 侧向变形linear deformation 线性变形permanent deformation 永久变形plastic deformation 塑性变形residual deformation 残余变形s
48、eepage deformation 渗透变形transient deformation 瞬时变形unit deformation 单位变形vertical deformation 竖向变形deformeter 变形计defrosting 解冻degree 程度degree of accuracy 精度degree of compaction 压实度degree of consolidation 固结度degree of disturbance 扰动程度degree of mineralization 矿化度degree of saturation 饱和度degree of sensitivi
49、ty 灵敏度degree of sorting 分选程度degree of stability 稳定度degree of weathering 风化程度degree of wetness 湿度delta 三角洲balloon densimeter 囊式密度计density 密度bulk density 体密度critical density 临界密度density bottle 比重瓶dry density 干密度initial density 初始密度maximum dry density 最大干密度medium density 中密natural density 天然密度relative density 相对密度denudation 剥蚀deposit 沉积deltaic deposit 三角洲沉积diluvial deposit 坡积eluvial deposit 残积eolian deposit 风积物estuary deposit 港湾沉积flood plain deposit 漫滩沉积fluvial deposit 河流沉降glacial deposit 冰川沉积loess deposit 黄土沉积marine deposit 海相沉积mechanical deposit 动力沉积morainal deposit 冰碛沉积offshor
