1、- 1 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MBA 基础班英语周测7 月 15 日每周一练 王力详细解析 Passage 1The journalism 新闻业 bug 狂热者 bit me at a young age and I chased 追逐 my dream in high school and college. Guess it was the Mary Tyler Moore and Lou Grant shows that inspired 鼓舞，激励 me.Unfortunately 转折, that was TV; this was reality. TS 主题句 I worke
2、d in TV and at newspapers. Movies and television often make these out to be glamorous 富有魅力的 jobs, but let me assure you nothing could be further from the truth. For the rookie 新手, its often very long hours and the pay is just a crime. Many in management dont believe in paying overtime 加班, even when
3、its due 应付款. I had to file complaints 抱怨 against one employer (the owner of a small newspaper chain) and my last employer at the Labor Department. They were burning people out like there was no tomorrow. We shouldve installed revolving 旋转的 doors.（都在讲薪水少的可怜，辛苦的像条狗狗。 ）【注】第一段陈述事实“很多人给我的灵感和感染，让我追求新闻界的梦想
4、。 ”第二段第一句转折。“but let me assure you nothing could be further from the truth.”此句型乃黄金句型，每年必考。 “比较级+否定”表示最高级，论点所在句式。这种句子一定是先按字面翻译，再理解“没有什么离 truth 更远的啦”言下之意“大家都离真实的情况很远，没有人知道新闻界真实的情况到底怎么样。 ”Working in the press (TV or newsprint) can often be VERY stressful 紧张的，有压力的. TS 主题句 There is ALWAYS a push on to ge
5、t the information out (in its complete form) first 新闻机构的时效性 and to get it out completely accurately 忠于真相. TV stations succeed greatly at the former, but quite often blow it on the latter. And you rarely hear a TV reporter or anchor 新闻主播 apologize or admit a mistake. Newspapers do it every day, and s
6、ome feel that it blows their credibility 信誉 , but it should do the opposite 对立面.（重要细节，注意 it 的指代功能，思考一下 it 指什么？）With about 20 years in the field and four years at my last job as editor in chief,状语可以略读，不重要 I was released for political reasons. TS 主题句 My publishers were high-ranking 职位高的 members of a p
7、olitical party. They were drinking buddies with the governor and many US senators. Despite their efforts to “draft“ me, I refused to sign the dotted line on application forms (for the party) and was fired 被解雇. The day after election day, I was told I was being released because I did not live in the
8、community.（可笑的被解职的理由） Only two people of the 25-30 working there lived in the community.【注】I was released for political reasons 因为政治原因而被解职。词本无义，义随文生， release 释放，引申为解雇，属委婉语。I want to release myself 意思是上厕所。就像 I want to go somewhere 一样。drinking buddies 一起喝酒开心的朋友，酒肉朋友，国外很多人下了班就喜欢去外面喝酒找乐子，政客也如此。The day a
9、fter election day, I was told I was being released because I did not live in the community. 欲加之罪，何患无词，表面上解职理由是不住在同一个社区，其实是因为出版社的头头要求他加入他们的政党，却遭到了作者的拒绝：I refused to sign the dotted line on application forms (for the party) and was fired.My greatest sense of accomplishment 成就感 in this business has com
10、e from enlightening 启迪 the public, making them aware of 意识到 politicians and government officials breaking laws or just outright 公开地 lying. TS 主题句 You would not believe all the mess I have seen. Some of my stories and editorials 社论 have earned me awards and a number of them have sparked investigation
11、s by the state police and FBI. All in a days work.（论据）【注】本段主题句为长难句，sense of accomplishment 成就感，和 sense of achievement 一样。分论点：他在新闻这个行业最大的成就感来自于 enlightening the public 启发，启迪民众，并列结构 making them aware of 意识- 2 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MBA 基础班英语周测到政客还有政府官员也犯法，竟然也公然撒谎。I now wish I had not changed my major from comp
12、uter science to journalism. Ouch! I would be making more money and living an easier life.【注】此段最具有陷阱作用，很多人以为作者后悔选择从 cs 转行新闻，第二句说明作者在自嘲：否则我能赚到钱，过得更轻松。 ）My dream is to own a newspaper probably a niche publication or a trade journal, somewhere in North Carolina or Colorado. Wish me luck. 【注】最后一段吐露心扉：作者仍
13、然想拥有自己的报纸，延续自己新闻工作的梦想。1. Why does the author say the pay of new reporters is a crime? DA) Because it is a crime not to pay them. 错误选项，作者文字的字面解释是干扰项B) Because it is illegal to require them to work overtime. 文中没有提到要求工人加班是违法的。选 B 的同学主观同情加班的人，潜意识认为是犯罪违法行为，不从文章出发，从自己情绪感受出发，实属狂想症。C) Because it is a violat
14、ion of the law to pay poor salaries. 低工资没有说违法，文中无相关信息。 violation of the law 触犯法律，同义表达：offend the law，violate the law，break the lawD) Because it is wrong to pay them such low salaries. 付这么少的薪水是不对的。【解析】细节题，考因果逻辑。题目问“为什么作者说刚工作的新闻记者的工资是罪行？”定位至第 2 段。2. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is
15、true except : B A) TV channels are usually prompt to release the news before others. 文中提到B) newspapers seldom apologize for inaccurate information published. 与文中意思反相C) apologies from the newspapers usually add to their credibility.D) TV reporters seldom admit to the public that they made mistakes. 文
16、中提到【解析】细节题。题目问“根据第 3 段，下列除了 是正确的。 （哪句是错的？） ”定位至第 3 段的 “There is ALWAYS a push on to get the information out (in its complete form) first and to get it out completely accurately. TV stations succeed greatly at the former, but quite often blow it on the latter. And you rarely hear a TV reporter or anc
17、hor apologize or admit a mistake.（排除 D） Newspapers do it every day, and some feel that it blows their credibility, but it should do the opposite.（有人认为会伤害他们的信誉，其实应该正好相反。属正话反说，故排除 C） ”3. Why was the author fired from his job? CA) Because he refused to move into the community where the publishing house
18、 was located. 作者拒绝搬进社区，文中无相关信息B) Because a number of his articles have led to investigations by the authorities. 定位第 4 段，无此相关信息，选了 B 的同学要予以重视，你看到哪一段去了，要遵守细节题的游戏规则。 第三步定位出错了！ 不能找到第四段以外的地方去。别的段落有的信息是干扰项。C) Because he refused to join his boss political party. D) Because he often filed complaints agains
19、t his employer. 第 4 段无！此为第一段的内容，错误原因同 B 定位错【解析】细节题，考因果逻辑。题目问“什么作者被解雇了？”根据题干关键词 fired from his job，定位至原文第 4 段的“Despite their efforts to “draft“ me, I refused to sign the dotted line on application forms (for the party) and was fired真正的原因，故选 C. The day after election day, I was told I was being releas
20、ed because I did not live in the community.”4. The author feels that the job of a journalist is rewarding in that 因果逻辑 _C_.A) experienced journalists can still draw handsome salaries 资深记者收入斐然。属常识性正确，但文中无此信息的干扰项。- 3 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MBA 基础班英语周测B) its a job that can satisfy people with enormous egos 自我，虚
21、荣。能满足人的自我欣赏，虚荣，文中没有提到！C) he can fulfill his moral duty by exposing corrupt and lying politicians 充实自己的道德职责，曝光腐败和信口雌黄的政客。与原文属同义置换，正确答案D) he can raise the awareness of politicians and government officials to public opinion 提高政客与政府官员公共言论的意识。文中无此信息！raise the awareness of 提高 的意识，选了 D 的同学是么有读懂这个选项。【解析】细节题
22、。题目问“作者为何觉得新闻记者的工作是有益的？”根据题干的关键信息 feels that the job of a journalist is rewarding 定位至原文第 5 段第一句话“My greatest sense of accomplishment in this business（能置换题干） has come from enlightening the public, making them aware of politicians and government officials breaking laws or just outright lying.（选 C） ”分论
23、点：作者在新闻这个行业最大的成就感来自于 enlightening the public 启发，启迪民众，并列结构 making them aware 意识到“政客还有政府官员也犯法，竟然也公然撒谎。”5. We know from the passage that the author _A_.A) is still interested in journalism as a professionB) regrets having become a journalist 后悔成为新闻记者C) wishes he had stuck to computer science 希望他坚持学计算机科
24、学D) is planning to publish a trade journal 计划发行一份商业日报【解析】全文推论题。最佳方法是排除法：（1）排除明显错误的选项 B C，BC 是平行选项；（2）排除文中直接给出信息 D，属无根据的过分推论，也是一个文章细枝末节的推论。文中只是说 My dream is to own a newspaper probably a niche publication or a trade journal, 没有说正在 planning 计划 own a newspaper.正确答案特征：（1）是推论；（）符合文章主旨，根据文章最后一段作者吐露的心声可推断他
25、想延续自己新闻工作的梦想- 4 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MBA 基础班英语周测7 月 15 日每周一练Passage 2本文属于抛砖引玉的类型，先说美国的社会现象：anti-intellectualism 反智主义，然后说到教育的重要性，知性的重要性。前后引用 Diane Ravitch，Richard Hofstadter，Ralph Waldo Emerson，只有 Richard Hofstadter 引言贯穿全文。1 Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. TS 主题句 事实陈述：美国人不重视才智，是一个
26、美国的社会现象。Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs 企业家, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical 实用性的 education not to pursue 追求 knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms 病症 of pervasive 普遍的 anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult
27、 to find. 全部都是在证明美国人有反智主义，尤其学校教育中也强调实用性，功利性，而非智力，完全为了学习知识而接受教育。【注】for the sake of 为了而 “pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge 为了知识而学知识”2“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” 事实陈述：学校存在于社会之中，而社会一直更重视实用性。says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Sc
28、hools could be a counterbalance 弥补，使平衡.”引用 Daine Ravitch 观点，学校能够成为一种弥补。Razitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they指教育改革 are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste 厌恶 for intellectual pur
29、suits. 学校改革没有完成对于美国厌恶知性的弥补【注】traces the roots of anti-intellectualism 追溯了一下反智力（说白就是反知识、才学）的根源。concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.anything but 黄金级的否定表达，MBA 阅读，翻译重点。意思是 “绝对不是” ，如：He is anything but her husband 他绝对不是她的妻子。3 But they 指学校的改
30、革 could and should be. 主题句 代表了作者的观点 Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically 批判性地, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate 参与，分享 in our democracy 民主. Con
31、tinuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.” 论据：孩子，国民追求知性的重要性。4“Intellect is resented 厌恶 as a form of power or privilege 特权,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a
32、 Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist (人民党党员) urges 呼吁，迫切要求 have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism (精英政治). Practicality, common sense
33、, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. 【注】历史上反对知性的美国人对于读书，教育的观点、态度：resent 厌恶，鄙视，引用了 Richard Hofstandter 大量的研究观点。最后一句话还说到实用性、常识、与生俱来的智力被认为是更加崇高的品质。5 Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling a
34、nd rigorous 严厉的 book learning put unnatural restraints 抑制 on children: 主题句 爱默生认为教育和读书对于孩子的限制。爱默生对于教育的消极观点，可以从引言中读出 “We are shut up in schools and college recitation 背诵 rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful 满腹 of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twains - 5 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MB
35、A 基础班英语周测Huckleberry Finn exemplified 举例说明 American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so he can preserve his innate 与生俱来的，先天的 goodness.【注】整个一段没有转折，讨论第一句的观点。两个论据：（1）爱默生对于读书教育的讽刺；（2）马克吐温小说哈里贝克费恩主角拒绝上学的情节。6 Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is
36、different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly 不情愿地 admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative (专注) side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. 【注】为
37、intellect 正名，和 intelligence 对比。School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted.主题句 作者观点终于明了：在学校中，知性不被信任Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who s
38、how the least intellectual promise.”【注】美国的教育系统在一群人的掌控之下，这群人快乐地、斗志昂扬地向知性表达着敌意，并非常渴望的与那些从未表现出任何才智前途的孩子取得认同。讽刺挖苦的幽默实在到位。从头到尾只有 Hofstadter 的观点被一直引用，作者同意他的观点。6. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? CA) The habit of thinking independently. 独立思考习惯，第一段没有提到，无相关信息！B) Profound k
39、nowledge of the world. 渊博的知识，与原文义反！C) Practical abilities for future career. 实用能力D) The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 对于才智，心智追求的信心，无相关信息！【解析】细节题。题目问“美国父母希望他们的孩子在学校里获得什么？”根据题干关键词 acquire in school定位至原文第 1 段第三句话“Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not to
40、 pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge 追求的是实用的能力，不是知识 ”7. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of A . A) undervaluing intellect. 看轻 intellectB) favoring intellectualism. 偏爱 intellectualism，反C) supporting school reform. 支持学校教育改革，无中生有D) suppressing native intelligence. 压制与生俱来的
41、智力。和第四段最后一句相反。【解析】细节+简单推论题。题目问“我们能从 text 中得知美国有怎么样的历史？”根据题干关键词 history定位至第 4 段，由该段信息可知：历史上反对知性的美国人对于读书，教育的观点、态度是 resent 厌恶，鄙视。8. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are D . A) identical 完全相同的 B) similar 相似的 C) complementary 互补的 D) opposite 相反的【解析】细节题。题目问“Ravitch and Emerson 关于学校教育的观点是 。 ”定
42、位至原文第 2 段“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.”可得 Daine Ravitch 认为学校非常重要，学校存在于社会之中，而社会一直更重视实用性。学校能够成为一种弥补。弥补由社会要求实用性而给知性带来的冲击。而 Ralph Waldo Emerson 的观点定位至第 5 段 Ralph Waldo E
43、merson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”，由引言可得爱默生对于学校教育存在着消极的观点，
44、认为读了书出来还是什么都不懂。因此，两人对学校教育的观点是相反的。9. Emerson, according to the text, is probably B . A) a pioneer of education reform. 教育改革先驱。比较有效干扰项，很多同学认为爱默生说那些话的原因是因- 6 - 泰祺备考 2010 年 MBA 基础班英语周测为他觉得教育需要改革，注意不是他觉得，是你觉得吧？提到他的那段没有提到教育改革，他只是认为教育起不到什么作用。不能凭自己的主观想法答题！B) an opponent of intellectualism. 反对知性主义者，即 anti-in
45、tellectualismC) a scholar in favor of intellect. 支持知性的学者，和原文反D) an advocate of regular schooling. 正规学校教育的拥护者，和原文反【解析】细节+简单推论题。题目问“根据本文，Emerson 可能是哪种人？”定位至第 5 段。10. What does the author think of intellect? CA) It is second to intelligence. 隐藏的比较，A is second to A，即 A 次于 B，故选项的意思为 intellect 次于intellige
46、nce。有同学没有看仔细，这里是个比较级，没有依据的比较，文中没有提到的比较都是干扰项目，看到比较级就要谨慎！原文：Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative (专注) side of the mind. 形容词都是褒义词 Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate（巧妙地处理(问题等）, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.B)
47、 It evolves from common sense. 从常识演化而来，文中没有提到，无相关信息C) It is to be pursued. 应该受到人们的追求D) It underlies power. 是权力的基础，这个不是作者的观点，很多同学说第四段：“Intellect is resented 厌恶 as a form of power or privilege,”这里没有说到谁是谁的基础，无中生有；其次，最后一道题，你看到前面第四段去干吗？第四段已经出过题目了，做题习惯都是错的还振振有词。【解析】细节题。根据关键词 intellect 定位于第 6 段后两句。Part V C
48、lozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. _11_ homelessness
49、has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly _12_. To help homeless people _13_ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _14_ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. _15_ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates _16_ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _17_ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is _18_, one of the federal
