1、石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料applicationPetroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. 石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology. 化学应用到石油
2、地质的岩石研究(地球化学)中有许多作用The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology. 在石油地质中，将物理应用到岩石研究(地球物理)中很重要Impose 施加（税、义务等负面含义的词）于（常与 on 连用）选项中常见：A. dispose(处理) B. expose 暴露 C. suppose 假定 D. impose E. compose 构成； F. propose 提议1. These adjustments may impose e
3、normous strains(压力)on a global economic system2. Within a month of the adoption of the plan, new environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were imposed（收税）3. To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies, such as the environmental taxes already
4、imposed（收税）4. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker（限制）5. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government（责任、义务）6. But if the U.S. were to impose punitive measures, （惩罚性措施） Iran would probably retaliate. 但如果美国强行施加惩罚性措施,伊朗很可能进
5、行报复。expose Open discussion of economic policies in order to expose fallacies and provide scope for creative solutions那就是公开探讨经济政策。只有这样才能 揭穿谬论 ，有可能为当今中国所面临的诸多挑战制定有创意的解决方案dispose waste disposal 污水处理compose The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells cal
6、led maculae. 内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载着密集的由被称作斑疹的石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料特殊细胞构成的片。Vision 书面用词，含义广泛，指人的视力或视野，也可指远见卓识。选项中常见：A. eyesight B. sight C. version D. sceneeyesight (指眼睛的正常功能，视力)sight 与 eyesight 同义，可换用，指由实实在在的事物引起的视觉。Scene 风景Part of the key to Chinas long-run success has been its almost unique combina
7、tion of pragmatism and vision.(远见与脚踏实地结合)With such a clear vision of the future,（对未来的远见） the challenge will be implementation.To translate its vision into action,（把远见变成实际行动） the Chinese government will need strong policies, such as the environmental taxes already imposed.sight The eight-year-olds to
8、re out in front of me and were soon out of sight.看不见了in 有关的短语 in public 在公共场合；in person 亲自； The headmaster came to see the sick student in person.in private 私下里；In regard to 关于；He has a lot of questions in regard to this matter.in charge of 负责In spite of 尽管(介词) In addition to 加之；除此之外 In addition to
9、his homework, he did many exercises. 除了家庭作业外，他还做了许多习题。 in turn 轮流；依次 The teacher helped all the children in turn. 老师一个接一个地辅导那些学生。in search of 寻求； in relation to 与有关 石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料in excess of 超过 ；It is likely that in excess of 90% of the literally thousands of different basic organic ch
10、emicals employed today are derived from these sources. 当今所应用的上千种不同的基本有机化学产品中很可能有超过 90的产品来自这些资源。in contrast to 与相反； Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum地质学家相对于非地质学家来说，更相信了解地质概念有助于寻找石油。in favor of 支持 Those in favor
11、of my suggestion raise your hands.Relay传送,传达; release 释放，泄露；relieve 宽慰 Relay Will you relay a message to him when you see him? 你见到他时，给他带个口信好吗？Release Please dont release the news to her.释放 He was released from prison. 他被从监狱放出。 Relieve vt. 使减轻 This remedy will relieve the pain. 这种治疗将会减轻痛苦。 He devoted
12、 himself to relieving the poor. 他献身于救济穷人。 ensure/insure/assureensure+sth. 确保insure保险 insure ones car against1.To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation为保障全球能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展2. And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting prod
13、uction, improving peoples life and protecting the environment. 我们将努力确保生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展格局。3There have also been many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselves against accidents. 还有些著名演员和运动员对他们在活动中的意外事故保险。Lay down 制定/lay out 设计1So it has laid out bold plans not only to redu
14、ce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.(unit 52) 因此中国 制定 了大胆的计划，不仅要缩小这个差距，还要为独立创新奠定基础。石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料2To learn with success is not a very difficult task if some fundamental principles are laid down.如果定下几条基本的行为准则，学有成效并非难事。Continual; consistent; constant; continuous
15、constant永恒的，忠实的：a constant believer in materialism 坚信唯物主义的人。continual连续的；不间断的（中间有间隔）：Pay continual visits to the library. 常去图书馆。consistent（人，行为）一致的；经常的；一贯的。a consistent policy 一贯的政策。continuous持续不断的（中间无间隔）：continuous development 不断的发展。Invert颠倒，invent 发明，invest 投资，involve 涉及The most amazing fact about
16、 this inverted life pyramid is that only 2% of the nutritive matter ends up in swimming fish. 最令人惊奇的事是这个反向倒转的生命金字塔里仅仅 2的营养物质在游动的鱼嘴里终结 (47、天赋的时间感)In fact, speaking fluently involves not only speed. It also involves stress, pronunciation and intonation. 说话流利不仅需要说话速度，它同时还涉及重音、语音和语调State goverments are
17、very active in marketing in order to attract foreign investment. 为了引进外资 ，各国政府往往十分热衷于营销When the internal combustion engine was invented, oil became of worldwide importance. 当内燃机发明后，石油更具有世界性重要意义。individual/personal/private这一组词都可译作“个人的”。 personal意为 “个人的”，着重强调属于或涉及本人，而非他人所能代表或代替的事物。private意为 “个人的，私有的”，表
18、示与公共的或公有的相反，也含有明确的隐私，不愿或不应公之于众的意思。individual意为“个体的，个人的”，区别于集体，整体Can we afford to use so much of our limited petroleum supplies for private motoring?I believe in the supreme worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 我相信，个人拥有无上的价值，拥有生存、自由和追求幸福石油人论坛：2008 年
19、中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料的权利Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. 书籍之于全人类，犹如记忆力之于个人Game=match(球类或棋类)比赛,contest 竞赛,competition 竞争 contest表示各种智力或知识“竞赛”，这一方面常可与 competition换用。Mary won the maths contest玛丽在数学竞赛中获胜。 If we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and
20、 at the risk of all they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by and will win假如我们面临激烈的竞争考验时不是冒着牺牲个人生命和失去亲人的危险去赢得胜利，而是落荒而逃的话，那么，更勇敢坚强的民族就会超越我们competition强调要通过个人的体力、智力或技能等获取名次的各种比赛，既可指体力方面的，也可指其它技能方面的。例如： He had little competition in the running high jump. 他在跳高中似乎没有对手。Turn down
21、He turned down the first offer of $500 from a Washington stamp shop owner and took the sheet to New York.(unit 8)I often complain about how quickly time flies. Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down.What was even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which b
22、egan rolling down the steep mountain.Profit/ interest/ advantage/ benefit Profit（金钱）利润/ interests集体或个人的利益，/ advantage优点，优势。长处/ benefit（各种）好处Making money was the true test, since shipbuilders would not invest their money unless they knew that they could make a profit. 赚钱是真正的试验标准，因为除非造船商知道可以获利，否则不会把他们
23、的钱投进去Robeys sheet had cost him $24, and his profit was $14,976 while Klein gained $5,000. 罗比付出 24美元买全版“倒转票”，他的利润是 14976美元，而克林先生赚了 5000美元Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset, speeded 石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料up or slowed down-all for our benefit. In the next 15
24、 years, we will strive to make new progress in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way that will benefit Chinas one billion and more population. 中国将在未来 15年集中力量全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 今天我们有巨大
25、的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超过这些分歧的共同利益。Nonetheless, the definition does offer several advantages.This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. 这种方式有一个好处，可以说是唯一的好处：它不会受到时
26、间和空间的限制Gain 获得/win 赢得/earn 挣得Robeys sheet had cost him $24, and his profit was $14,976 while Klein gained $5,000.If you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking. 但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。repaired renewed restored renovated restore：恢复（健
27、康）；复职；（把建筑物，家俱、艺术品等）恢复原状，修复，常与 to 连用：restore an oil painting修复一张旧油画。repair修理renew更换；更新 renew ones strength恢复体力；renew a book 续借一本书。renovate翻新；修理 renovate an old house修理老房子sensible理智的；sensitive 灵敏的，敏感的 It is not sensible to shout at your child in public.在公共场合下对孩子大喊大叫是不理智的行为。This singer is always very
28、sensitive to the reaction of the audience这个歌手对观众石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料的反应很敏感。This is a very sensitive device 这是个很灵敏的机器。Likely；possible；probable；potentiallikely可能的：He is likely to get the job. 他有可能得到这份工作。Possible , probable均表示可能的，但不能以人为主语，而只能用于 It is possible/probable to do结potential潜在的，常用作定语：po
29、tential market 潜在的市场。shade ;shelter; shadowshade“荫，阴凉处” Store the food in the shade. 在食物放在阴凉处。shelter躲避，躲避风雨的地方或东西 We took shelter from the rain in a cave. 我们在山洞里躲雨shadow阴影，暗处，指阳光照不到的地方，或光线照射所形成的阴影。Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.As the acc
30、olades and awards poured in for Stephen, Janecompetent and intelligent herself-began to resent living in his shadow.(in ones shadow在人的阴影、庇护之下)It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do. （固定短语，在死亡的阴影下）Respectful; r
31、espectable; respective; responsible respectful尊敬人的；respectable 受人尊敬的, 值得人尊敬的；respective个别的；各自的 The tourists went back to their respective countries. 观光旅客回到各自的国家去。 responsible有责任的Is subject(ed) to 受到影响Compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one has an advantage that the method is not s
32、ubject to the same limitations of time and space. 这种方式有一个好处，可以说是唯一的好处：它不会受到时间和空间的限制。石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料Liable to易受到影响It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to disease.He is liable to anger他容易生气。imaginative; imaginary；imaginable imaginary想象力的，虚构的：imaginary enemy 假想的敌人。imaginative想象力丰
33、富力的：imaginative writer 想象力丰富的作家imaginable可想象的：unimaginable difficulty 无法想象的困难。progressed; proceeded；promoted；proposedpromote晋升；促进；使（学生）升级：promote sale促销；promote sb. to a higher position提升某人。progress进步，前进；More and more Americans are following with great interest Chinas progress and development. proce
34、ed继续；进而进行：proceed to the next item进而进行下一项 propose提议、建议；提（名）推荐：Sb. is propose He proposed that we should have a rest.transmit, transfer, transform, transport交通运输, transaction 贸易、交易（transfer 是指把某人某事物从一个地方转移到另一个地方 比如“迁移” ，引申出来的意思;调任，换乘，转让财产等 ；transform 是指完全改变某人某物的外观或特性；transmit 是指传播信号，节目，无线电波传输等）The sp
35、eaker is the person who initiates a speech transaction. 演说者是演讲事件的开始者1After scientific and technical feasibility was determined, projects would be transferred to the assistant secretary for resource applications一旦其科技可行性确定之后，项目将 转给 分管资源应用的部长助理2You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butchers iceb
36、ox to your own. 你买了一块牛排，把它从屠夫的冰箱里 移到 了你自己的(冰箱里) 3Second, the definition removes the implication that international marketing applies only to market or business transactions. 其次，该定义消除了这样一种概念，即国石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料际营销只适用于市场和 商业交换 。4A canal in the north joins the Mississippi to the five Great La
37、kesthe worlds largest inland water transportation route and the biggest body of fresh water in the world. 北部的一条运河将世界上最长的内河 运输航线 密西西比河同世界上最大的淡水群五大湖连接在一起。5Travel and transportation were changed when the steamship was invented发明蒸汽船之后，人们的旅行和 交通运输 都改变了6 Biology, and especially biochemistry, is important
38、in studying the transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen during burial生物学，尤其是生物化学，对于埋藏过程中动植物组织 转化 为干酪根7China is about to adopt its 11th five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in history. 中国即将实施第十一个五年规划。这是旨在造福于世界近
39、14 的人口，为或许是历史上最为可观的经济转型 的持续发展所做的准备8Therefore it requires sustained and unremitting efforts to transform the country and make life better for its people. 要彻底 改变 中国的面貌和改善中国人民的生活，需要继续持之以恒地艰苦奋斗。9To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies, such as the environmen
40、tal taxes already imposed. 为了把远见 变成 行动，中国政府需要推行强有力的政策，已经开始征收的环境税即为一例。other than不同于; rather thanSales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity. 产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和宣传的推销活动rather than而不是：He would die rather than surrender. 他宁死不屈。Expenses=
41、cost成本、代价, value价值,charge 收费 Most will drink, inject, or smoke up 石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料whatever incomes they earn; their suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the expense of their customersthe addicts. 大多数人会酗酒、注射毒品、或把他们挣来的收入吸毒用尽。提供给他们毒品的人将以顾客吸毒成隐者为代价而发财。One of the pleasantest things about wai
42、ters and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times for no extra charge! 男女服务员最讨人喜欢的一点是他们屡次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟满而不另加收钱！Some top-end restaurants will add a 10% service charge to the bill. charge索价：How much do you charge for these eggs? 这些鸡蛋怎么卖?Robeys sheet had cost him $24, and his profit wa
43、s $14,976 When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on. 当我们为自己的汽车购买几加仑汽油时，我们付的不仅仅是汽油的价钱，而且还包括了一部分不断在进行着的勘探费用。Reserve, deserve, preserve, conserve reserve 储备the administration was expected to
44、develop systems for estimating national fuel reserves and reporting the financial status of energy producing companies. 大家寄期望于能源信息局，希望它能够预测长期能源发展趋势、估算国家燃料储量以及报告能源生产企业财务状况Its import and export volume went up from $20.6 billion to $1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from $167 mill
45、ion to $818.9 billion.进出口总额从 206亿美元增长到 14221亿美元，国家外汇储备从 1、67 亿美元增加到 8189亿美元preserve保护If children discover the beauty of nature while they are young, they will respect nature and try to preserve it when they are older.Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully
46、printed book, an elegantly bound edition?Deserve应该得到石油人论坛：2008 年中石油职称英语考试系列复习资料The trouble was that the reward was not always given to everyone, nor was it given to those who deserved it most. 问题在于：报酬不是任何时候给每一个人，甚至不是给本身最应该得到这个报酬的人。Conserve 节约Do you avoid walking on fresh grass? Do you conserve water
47、 and energy? 你避免从新鲜的草地上走过吗?你 节约用水 用能吗?Adopt; adaptYou adapt to feedback from your listener.你应该 调整 自己以适应听众的反馈。China is about to adopt its 11th five-year plan中国即将 采用 第十一五计划Involve涉及到/resolve 下决心、旋转/evolve 演化,revolve 旋转In fact, speaking fluently involves not only speed. It also involves stress, pronunc
48、iation and intonation. 事实上，说话流利不仅 需要 说话速度，它同时还涉及重音、语音和语调。In effect, it excludes industrial marketing, which involves a transaction between two organizations. 这样，就排斥了实体营销行为，即两个组织之间的交易行为。Organic chemistry is involved both in the analysis of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis of the plant a
49、nd animal tissues in sediments有机化学则可应用于分析原油和天然气，研究沉积物中植物和动物组织的成岩作用However, as is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological needs. 然而，从原油类型变化的最新趋势来看，石油化学工业同样需要进一步 发展(演化) 以适应技术发展的需要。However, as is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological needs. 然而，从原油类型变化的最新趋势来看，石油化学工业同样需要进一步 发展 以适应技术发展的需要。Such satellitesmaintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath themcover all par
