1、英语写作作业Unit 1: 段落和篇章知识（Paragraph and whole composition）必做题1. What is a paragraph?A paragraph is a division of writings expressing one central idea. It usually consists of several closely related sentences. It can also be called a unit of thought. It is a unit in itself and part of a larger whole.2. W
2、hat is a paragraph made up of?Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences. The paragraph is the basic unit of a composition.3. What are the features of an effecti
3、ve paragraph?(1) It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentences.(2) It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effective paragraph does not waste the readers time. It doesnt start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the r
4、eader to understand the writers point.(3) It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no trouble following the writers progression of thoughtso the reader can see three parts in a paragraph1)the topic sentence; 2)supporting detail, and
5、 3)the concluding sentence.4. What is the topic sentence and why is it important? A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.5. Which sentence
6、is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Dont argue with parents; they will think you dont love them. Dont argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Dont argue with spouses; they will think you ar
7、e a tiresome mate. Dont argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mothers rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Dont argue.My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.6. The following topic sentences are not good ones, try to make them b
8、etter. There is much to say about any problem. Time is money He found an old book in our library last Thursday afternoonThere is much to say about the problem of unemployment.It is a shame to waste time in college years.One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.7. What are the requirements
9、of a good topic sentence?A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.The topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.Furthermore it is better to be places at the beginning of the paragraph.8. What ar
10、e the requirements of supporting details?Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.Supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the sentence.Supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.Each supporting detail should not be
11、either too long or too short.9. What is the concluding sentence?The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarizes the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is supposed to be the link
12、between the two paragraphs.10. What is a composition made up of? What is the function of each part?(1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.(2) The beginning (the introduction) rouses the readers interest in and secures his attention to the subject matter o
13、f the essay or provides necessary background information.The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to put forth.The end (the conclusion) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influence the readers final impres
14、sion of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.11. How many ways can you write your introduction?A quotationFigures or statisticsA question or several questionsThe time and place of the event to be describedRelevant background materialAn analogyA definitionUnit 2: 记叙文和论说
15、文（Narration and argumentation）必做题1. What are narrate and narration?To narrate is give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration, in its broadest sense,
16、is any account of events. When it is defined simply, narration is the telling of a trued or imaginary story.2. How many types of narration?Matter-of-fact narration: It is an exact account of what happened. In this kind of account the facts are started in chronological or time order. Narration with p
17、lot: this kind of narration is used to tell a story so it includes enough details for clearness and some description to make the story vivid. It often follows a chronological order with one action after another as it happened and developed in original experience.It mainly includes travel account, ne
18、ws, biography, diary, essay, anecdote, adventurous personal experience, historic events, and epitaph.3. What aspects should you consider when you plan a narration?Purpose: when a writer begins to narrate, there must be a purpose in his mind for writing. He should choose enough details and design the
19、 plot of his narration carefully in order to let others to understand what he wants to express clearly.Organization: events in a narration are usually relates in the order in which they occur. That is to say, it is written in chronological order. But sometimes it is also possible to start from the m
20、iddle or from the end of the narration with the event that is most important to arouse the interest of the reader and then go back to the beginning by using flashbacks. Generally, a narration is made up of three parts: a beginning, middle part and end. There is no need to make a concluding paragraph
21、 when the story is clearly told and comes to the end naturally. However, sometimes, it is necessary to add one or more paragraph about the significance of the story or about what happens afterwards.Context: in narrative writing, it should be often made clealy at beginning that “when” “where” and “to
22、 whom” the action in the narration happened, which provides with a context, or circumstance to the reader so as to help him to understand the whole narration.Selection of details: in order to help the reader know what is happening, the writer should offer enough details. But, there should not be too
23、 many details. To highlight the development of narration, the useful and effective things are only relevant details or things that contribute to bring out main ideas of the narration.4. What is an argumentation?An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use
24、 of logical reasoning, examples, and research.5. What is the organization of an argumentation?Title introduction: thesis statement body paragraphs constructing topic sentences building main points counting the opposition conclusion.6. What is a thesis statement? The most important sentence in your p
25、aperLets the reader know the main reader of the paperAnswers the question: “what am I trying to prove?”Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper7. What is the role of the thesis statement? The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.The t
26、hesis statement is generally located In the introduction of the paper.A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending upon the purpose or argument of the paper.8. Write a composition on the following topic.How Do People Keep HealthyThe Best Way to
27、Stay HealthyAs the living standard improves more and more people are paying attention to their health conditions. Different people usually have different ways to stay healthy. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep a healthy attitude toward life.It is true that physical factors affect on
28、es health conditions a great deal, but at the same time, we should not neglect the mental factors. Many scientific researches have shown that anger, suspicion and envy do great harm to human bodies while being optimistic can cure some small diseases. We have also heard of many people who live much l
29、onger than doctors prediction after they have been diagnosed incurable diseases. That is, because they keep a good mood and struggle with the difficulties in life. Compared with those people who suffer serious physical pain, we healthy people are much more lucky and therefore have more reasons to ma
30、intain a healthy attitude to life no matter what kind of hardship life may give us.People use all kinds of methods to keep healthy because they want to live happily. Then in my point of view, there is no other way than keeping a healthy attitude toward life can make people happier or more healthy, b
31、oth physically and mentally.9. Write another composition on the following topicShould Raising Pets be Banned?With the steady growth in the countrys economy as well as the peoples living standard, a great many city dwellers take up the hobby of keeping pets. To their mind, pets bring great happiness
32、and fun to their life. In reality, pets have become a member of the pet owners family. However, recently this phenomenon has triggered a heated discussion as to whether city people should be allowed to raise pets. There are people on both sides of argument who have very strong feelings.The pet lover
33、s claim that raising a pet benefits us a lot. First of all, a pet is a faithful and obedient companion to its owner. Pets are affectionate and cute. Secondly, they possess the inborn ability to entertain people, providing a rich source of pleasure and fun. They help people rid their loneliness and e
34、ase the tense life pressure. Moreover, keeping a pet does good to childrens psychological development, because it teaches children how to care for others and how to appreciate life while helping them to cultivate a strong sense of responsibility. Pets also have some practical uses. They can be a loy
35、al companion, a door keeper or a guide dog. In some special cases, pets even act as the protector and savior of the owner. In a word, there are many advantages to keep a pet at home.On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly condemn this hobby. From their point of view, pets bring
36、 far more harm than good to us city dwellers. To begin with it is a costly and time-consuming hobby. You have to accommodate them, care for them and spend time with them. How can a bustling city person afford that? Moreover, it is very dirty. They litter everywhere and carry some fatal viruses, whic
37、h are great threats to human health. They even spread some infectious diseases to their owners and sometimes even those people around them. Last of all, they are troublemakers to the neighborhood. Some pet dogs or cats enjoy barking or meowing at midnight, which is an irritating disturbance to the n
38、eighbors. Pets may sometimes attack neighbors and passers-by. On some occasions, they cause some damage to others property. On any accounts, they are unwelcome and troublesome.Just as the saying goes, “so many people, so many minds”, it is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, it is advisable not to keep a pet in a city, because this hobby brings us more drawbacks than merits. If there were too many pets running on the street, backing at night, lettering everywhere better give up this hobby for the common good.
