1、Period 5,Grammar: Past Perfect tense 过去完成时,知 识回 顾,1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在 过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词”,later,earlier,had heard,close the window,now,hear th
2、e news,closed,The cat had heard the bad news before it closed the window.,What happened first?,later,earlier,now,come out,stay inside,had stayed,came,The lion had stayed inside before the mouse came out.,What happened first?,later,earlier,Work out the rule!,earlier action, past perfect tense (更早的动作)
3、 (过去完成时) later action , past tense (更迟的动作) (一般过去时),now,past,past perfect tense,You had already cleaned the blackboard before I entered the classroom.,What happened first?,A: You cleaned the blackboard,B: I entered the classroom,1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the cla
4、ssroom.What happened first? Millie ran back to school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom.,2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late.What happened first? a.Simon left school late.b.The football game started late.,3.Daniel arrived out of breath - he had gone to the wr
5、ong cinema.What happened first?a. Daniel arrived out of breath.b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.,4.Amy had lost her purse and had to goto the police station.What happened first?a. Amy lost her purse.b. Amy went to the police station.,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 -|
6、- |-|-,一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点,那时以前,那时,现在,结构: 助动词(had) + 动词过去分词,had acted,had been,had begun,had brought,had helped,had opened,had seen,had sung,构成：1.肯定句:主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（ v-ed）+其他。其中 had 通用于各种人称。,1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,2.否定句：主语+hadnt（had not）+v-ed +其他,3.一般疑问句：Ha
7、d +主语+v-ed+其他？,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.,4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+ v-ed ？,3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here? -Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.,4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?,二、过去完成时的判断依据,1.由“过去的过去”来判定。,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作
8、之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,（ 1 ）状语从句中,（ 2 ）宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said,
9、knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：,She said that she had seen the film before.,They explained what had happened.,2. 由时间状语来判定,一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：,（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：,I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：,We had learned over two thous
10、and English words by the end of last term.,（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：,They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,3. 根据上、下文来判定。,I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.,He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.,10th
11、DecemberToday, I watched Roman Holiday with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cinema. When Millie and I _(arrive), Kitty_(buy)the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel _(come), Millie andI _(go) to get some drinks. Then all fiveof us waited for Amy o
12、utside the cinema. Before Amy_(arrive), we _(finish)our drinks. When we_(enter) the cinema, the film_already_(start). Luckily, we did notmiss much.,had bought,had gone,entered,had,arrived,came,arrived,had finished,started,Part A3 on P88,How to ask questions using the past perfect tense ? And answer
13、?,e.g: 1. He had finished his homework .,Had he finished his homework ?,Yes , he had . / No , he hadnt .,2. They had lived here for many years .,they (live) here for many years ?, they . / , they .,Had lived,Yes had,No hadnt,Millie: Hi, Sandy. I saw an action film during the holiday. It was really g
14、ood, and my favourite film star played a lead role in it.Sandy: I know you like her a lot._you _(see) any of her films before you saw this one?Millie: Yes, I_. She _(act)in many other action films before this Hollywood film. Sandy: _you _(watch) any other films during the holiday?Millie: No, I_. Tha
15、t was the only one.,Had,seen,had,had acted,Did,watch,didnt,Work in pairs.,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.昨晚我们看了电影。a. We had seen the film yesterday evening.b. We saw the film yesterday evening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。a. The film has been on
16、 for five minutes when I got there.b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs.b. By the end of last term, they had lea
17、rned five English songs.,by the end of last term 意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years.b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用
18、过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam.b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中pass the mid-term exam 的动作是发生在过去动作was very glad 之前的，故pass 需用had passed表示。,Fill in the blanks,I _
19、 (clean) the clothes before youcame back. 2. She_ (leave) already when youarrived._they _ (know) this before you toldthem? 4. We _ (not tell) you before you knew it. 5. She came after we_ (wait) for herfor half an hour.,had cleaned,had left,Had known,hadnt told,had waited,Translations,1.当我们到电影院时，电影已
20、经开始了,.他在离开之前把灯全关了,The film when wethe cinema.,He all the lights before he .,had already begun /started,arrived at /got to /reached,had turned off,left,1.We had already learned four units by yesterday.2.We had lived here for 3 years by the end of lastmonth.,1.by （截止） + past time2.by the end of （截止）+
21、past time,Fill in the blanks,1. We (learn) 3000 words by last term. 2. you (live) here for 20years by 2004? 3. They (work) for 10 years by theend of last year. 4. I (teach) you for two years by the end of last term.,had learned,Had lived,had worked,had taught,Translations,1.截止到2003年，我们已经看过40部电影了,2.截
22、止到九月底，他们已经去过美国十次了,We 40 films 2003.,They the USA tentimes September.,had already seen,by,had already been to,by the end of,一 选择填空。1. I lost the book I _ A have bought B bought C had bought 2. The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stop. A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 3. Why didnt Tom attend th
23、e meeting yesterday?He _ Beijing Ahas gone to B had gone to C went to 4. By the time she was fifteen, Kitty _(teach) herself a foreign language. (2006无锡市中考),C,B,B,A. had taught B. taught C. has taught,A,5. I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I _ afraid you had forgotten A was B am C had be
24、en 6. Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home A has left; comes B left；had come C had left；came 7.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to getthe book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, h
25、ad left 8. I met my old friend yesterday. We _ each other for almost ten years.A. havent seen B. didnt see C. hadnt seen,A,C,D,C,二用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1 Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Shanghai for ten years before he came to our School. 2 _ the boy _ (finish) his homework before you saw him? 3 Wh
26、en I got there, the train _ already _. (leave) 4 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be ) on for ten minutes. 5 Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it. 6. After he had finished school, he _(join) the army. 7. She said she _ the film before. (see) 8. By th
27、e end of last month, they _(complete) the bridge.,had taught,Had finished,had left,had been,hadnt finished,joined,had seen,had completed,1 We four thousand new words by the end of last year A had learned B have learned C learned 2 Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband hom
28、e（NMET96） A has left, comes B left, had come C had left, came 3 I lost the book I A have bought B bought C had bought 4 The bus had gone when I at the bus stop. A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 5 Tom of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind A has thought B thou
29、ght C had thought,A,C,C,B,C,6 Did you meet Tom at the airport？No，he by the time I there. Ahas left; got B had left；arrived C left；had got 7Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday?He Beijing Ahas gone to B had gone to C went to 8 Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she five
30、times. A had tried B tried C has tried 9 I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I afraid you had forgotten A was B am C had been,B,B,A,A,1 How many English songs _she _ (learn) by the end of last month? 2 By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ dinner already. (cook) 3 He _ to play
31、 the piano before he was ten years old. (learn) 4 She said she _ the film before. (see) 5 Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School. 6 By the end of last month, they _ the bridge. (complete) 7 What _ Lord Kelvin _ by the time he was ten? (d
32、o),had,learned,had cooked,had learned,had seen,had taught,had completed,had,done,8 He asked where I _ (go) during the summer vacation. 9 The classroom _ (clean) before we _ (get) there yesterday. 10 _ the boy _ his homework before you saw him? (finish) 11 When we got to the station, the train _ alre
33、ady _. (leave) 12 We _ the book by the end of last month. (finish) 13 When I got back to the shop , someone else _ (take) my bag away. 14 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be on) for ten minutes.,had gone,had beencleaned,got,Had,finished,had,left,had finished,had taken,had been on,15 Jack _
34、in Egypt for eight years before he moved to Guangzhou. (live) 16 He didnt asked me to speak at the meeting, because I _ already _ (refuse) to do it. 17 Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it. 18 Tom said that he _ (visit) his Japanese friends the day before. 19
35、 Mrs. Smith said she _ to Xian twice. (be) 20 She asked me if I _ (read) the story .,had lived,had,hadnt finished,refused,had visited,had been,had read,Lets do some exercises.,1. When his grandmother saw him again, he _ (grow) up into a tall young man. 2. Xiao Wang didnt want to tell me anything abo
36、ut what he _ just _ ( hear). 3. By the time she was fifteen, Kitty _ (teach) herself a foreign language.,had taught,had heard,had grown,4. Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Shanghai for ten years before he came to our School.5. Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it.6. After she _(turn) off all the lights,she went to bed.,hadnt finished,had taught,had turned,Homework:Revise Past Perfect Tense,Good bye Thank you!,
