1、0给水塑料管施工监理应注意的几个问题中英文对照Several problems should be paid attention to in construction management of plastic water supply pipe近年来， 我国一直十分重视新型管材的开发和应用， 禁止或限制某些金属管材的使用，新型管材的应用越来越广。在推广使用的管材中， 主要为各种塑料管材。但由于有些新型管材暂无设计及施工验收的国家规范， 使用中容易出现各种问题， 根据在施工监理中的体会， 总结给水塑料管在施工监理中应注意以下几个问题。 In recent years, China has al
2、ways attached great importance to the development and application of new material, the use of prohibited or restricted in certain metal pipe, application of new pipe is more and more wide. Widely used in pipe, mainly for a variety of plastic pipe. But because of some new type pipe no national standa
3、rd design and construction acceptance, various problems in use, according to the experience in construction supervision, summed up the plastic pipe in construction supervision should pay attention to the following questions.关键词：给水塑料管 选用 材料的进场和检验 监理Keywords: water supply plastic pipe material selecti
4、on of entry and inspection supervision近年来， 我国一直十分重视新型管材的开发和应用， 禁止或限制某些金属管材的使用， 新型管材的应用越来越广。在推广使用的管材中， 主要为各种塑料管材。但由于有些新型管材暂无设计及施工验收的国家规范， 使用中容易出现各种问题， 根据在施工监理中的体会， 总结给水塑料管在施工监理中应注意以下几个问题：In recent years, China has always attached great importance to the development and application of new material, th
5、e use of prohibited or restricted in certain metal pipe, application of new pipe is more and more wide. Widely used in pipe, mainly for a variety of plastic pipe. But because of some new type pipe no national standard design and construction acceptance, various problems in use, according to the expe
6、rience in construction supervision, summed up the plastic pipe in construction supervision should pay attention to the following questions:1.给水塑料管的选用1 Selection of water supply plastic pipe给水塑料管的化学稳定性高， 耐腐蚀， 管壁光滑， 能有效防止管道的腐蚀、结垢。现阶段常用给水塑料管主要有硬聚氯乙烯管（UPVC） 、高密度聚乙烯管（HDPE） 、改http:/ http:/ - R、PP - C） 、聚丁
7、烯管（ PB） 、丙烯腈- 丁二烯- 苯乙烯管（ABS） 、交联聚乙烯管（ PE - X） 等。其共同优点是无毒、卫生、使用寿命长， 管壁光滑、水头损失小，耐腐蚀、不结垢， 环保节能， 重量轻， 安装方便。但也存在缺点和不足， 如线性膨胀系数大， 抗紫外线能力差， 管道架空跨度小、支承点多， 有些管透光性高等。各种管材的主要优缺点如下：The chemical stability of water supply plastic pipe, corrosion, wall smooth, corrosion, can effectively prevent the pipeline scalin
8、g. Now a common water-supply plastic pipes are hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (UPVC), high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE), modified polypropylene pipe (PP - R, PP - C), polybutylene pipe (PB), acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene pipe (ABS), cross-linked polyethylene pipe (PE - X). The common advanta
9、ges of non-toxic, health, long service life, wall smooth, small head loss, corrosion resistance, no scale, environmental protection and energy saving, light weight, convenient installation. But there are also shortcomings and deficiencies, such as linear expansion coefficient, anti-UV ability is poo
10、r, aerial pipe span, supporting points, some tube transmittance higher. The main advantages and disadvantages of various pipes are as follows:1.1 硬聚氯乙烯管（UPVC）1.1 hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (UPVC)优点： 具有较高的抗冲击性能和耐化学性能，质地坚硬， 耐腐蚀不结垢， 安装方便，价廉；Advantages: with the impact resistance and high chemical res
11、istance, hardness, corrosion resistance and not fouling, convenient installation, low cost;缺点： 抗震性较差， 在使用过程中， 会有 UPVC 单体和添加剂渗出， 不适用于热水输送， 接头粘合技术要求较高， 固化时间较长。Disadvantages: poor shock resistance, in use process, there will be UPVC monomer and additive exudation, not suitable for hot water delivery, j
12、oint adhesion technology requirement, curing time is long.1.2 高密度聚乙烯管（HDPE）1.2 high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE)优点： 是目前抗震性最好的管道， 韧性好， 较好的抗疲劳强度， 耐温性能较好， 耐冲击强度高，质轻， 使用寿命可达 50a ；http:/ http:/ is the best earthquake pipeline, good toughness, high fatigue strength, good temperature resistance, impact
13、 resistance, high strength, light weight, the service life of up to 50a;缺点： 熔接需要电力， 机械连接， 连接件大。Disadvantages: welding power, mechanical connection, connection parts.1.3 改性聚丙烯管（PP - R）1.3 modified polypropylene pipe (PP - R)优点： 具有较好的抗冲击性能、耐温性能和抗蠕变能力；Advantages: with the impact resistance, good high t
14、emperature resistance and creep resistance;缺点： 在同等压力和温度下， 管壁最厚， 线性膨胀系数大， 抗紫外线能力差。Disadvantages: under the same pressure and temperature, the thickness of the wall, linear expansion coefficient, anti-UV ability.1.4 聚丁烯管（PB）1.4 polybutylene pipe (PB)优点： 耐温性能好， 可在 20 - 95 之间安全使用， 能长期承受高负荷而不变形， 抗蠕变能力强，高
15、柔韧性；Advantages: good temperature resistance, which can be safely used in between 20 - 95 , the long-term bear high load without deformation, creep resistant ability, high toughness;缺点： 目前国内还没有 PB 树脂原料， 要依赖进口， 故价格较高；Disadvantages: there is no PB resin raw materials at home, have to rely on imports, s
16、o the price is higher;1.5 丙烯腈- 丁二烯-苯乙烯管（ABS）1.5 acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene (ABS) tube优点： 强度大， 耐冲击， 不受电腐蚀和土壤腐蚀；Advantages: high strength, impact resistance, no corrosion and soil corrosion;缺点： 抗紫外线能力差， 粘接固化时间长。Disadvantages: anti-UV ability is poor, adhesive curing time.1.6 交联聚乙烯管（PE - X ） ：
17、1.6 cross-linked polyethylene pipe (PE - X):优点： 耐温性好， 硬度高， 抗蠕变性能好；Advantages: good temperature resistance, high hardness, good resistance to creep;http:/ http:/ 只能采用金属件连接， 不能回收重复利用。Disadvantages: only the metal piece is connected, can not be recycled.2.材料的进场和检验Approach and testing of 2 materials为保证工
18、程质量， 每批材料进场前都要求施工单位填报进场申报表， 监理根据规范（GB50242 2002）对进场材料的品种、规格、外观等进行验收， 包装应完好，表面无划痕及外力冲击破损， 整根管的外观应光滑，无色泽不均现象， 检查管道的壁厚和圆度。查验生产厂商出具的产品合格证、质量验收报告及政府主管部门颁发的使用许可证等质量证明文件， 符合要求后予以签认。材料进场后， 按规定的批量及频率对进场的材料和配件进行见证抽样、送检， 在未获得检验合格的证明文件之前， 不应准许承包商开始启用。监理在见证抽样的时候， 尤其要注意生产批号， 由于生产过程的某些不可预见因素， 同一生产厂家、同一原料、同一配方和工艺，
19、不同生产批次的产品质量会有差异。In order to ensure the construction quality, approach each batch of materials are required before construction unit entry declaration form, supervision according to the specification (GB50242 2002) acceptance of approaching material varieties, specifications, appearance, packaging sh
20、ould be intact, no surface scratching and external damage, the whole canal appearance should be smooth, colorless Ze inequality phenomenon, check the pipe wall thickness and roundness. The inspection certificate issued by the manufacturers of products issued by the Department in charge of quality in
21、spection report, and the government permit the use of quality documents, which meet the requirements to be signed. After the materials approach, the witness sampling inspection on site, the materials and accessories according to the quantity and frequency of provisions, before the documents to prove
22、 the qualified inspection is not obtained, the contractor should not be allowed to begin. Supervision in the witness sampling time, with particular attention to the production batch number, due to some unpredictable factors in the production process, the same manufacturer, the same materials, the sa
23、me formula and process, different batches of the product quality will be different.3.施工过程的监理3 construction process supervision由于很多给水塑料管还处于推广阶段， 施工人员对施工工艺掌握不到位， 且这些新型管材对施工人员技术水平要求高， 施工难度较大。因此， 对施工人员的岗前培训就显http:/ http:/ 给水塑料管最易发生渗漏、爆管的地方就是管道连接处。给水塑料管的连接方式主要有胶粘连接、热熔或电熔连接、专用管件连接及法兰连接， 注意不得在塑料管上套丝。现分别就几种
24、主要连接方法的注意事项简述如下：Because a lot of plastic pipe is still in the promotion stage, the construction personnel of the construction process control is not in place, and these new pipe on the technical level of the construction personnel requirements of high, difficult construction. Therefore, the construc
25、tion of personnel training is particularly important. Supervision with particular attention to the pipe connection in the on-site inspection, plastic pipe, the leakage tube is pipe joints. Connection mode of water-supply plastic pipes are connected, hot melt adhesive or fused connection, special pip
26、e connection and flange connection, pay attention not on the set of silk in the plastic pipe. The matters needing attention are several main methods are as follows:3.1 胶粘连接The 3.1 adhesive connection采用胶粘连接的给水塑料管有 UPVC 管、ABS 管。管材、管件和粘胶剂应由同一生产厂家配套供应， 现阶段一般不对胶粘剂送检， 监理一定要仔细检查胶粘剂的质量合格证明文件和使用条件。在涂刷粘胶剂之前，
27、先用砂纸将粘接表面打毛， 并用干布檫净， 做到粘接表面不沾有尘埃、水迹、油污，当表面沾有油污时， 用棉纱沾丙酮等清洁剂檫净。涂刷粘胶剂时， 注意用量， 不能过多或过少， 否则影响粘接强度， 承插口涂刷粘胶剂后， 即找准方向将管子轻轻插入承口， 插入深度应符合要求， 并保证承插接口的直度和接口位置正确。保证胶粘接口质量的关键是接口表面按规定打毛、胶水涂刷均匀、用量按要求、插入口深度满足要求。The adhesive connection of plastic pipe water UPVC pipe, ABS pipe. Pipe, fittings and adhesive should be
28、 provided by the same manufacturers supporting supply, at present generally not adhesive inspection, supervision must carefully check the adhesive quality certification documents and conditions of use. Brushing adhesive before, first sand the bonding surface of a hair, and with a dry cloth wipe clea
29、n, do not touch the bonding surface dust, water stains, grease, when the surface is stained with oil, use cotton dipped acetone cleanser Sassafras net. Brushing adhesive, notice dosage, not too much or too little, or affect the bonding strength of coating adhesive, socket, or find the right directio
30、n pipe gently inserted into the socket, the insertion depth should meet the http:/ http:/ and ensure the straightness of the socket interface and interface in correct position. Key to ensure the adhesive interface is the interface surface quality according to the provisions of roughening, uniform co
31、ating, glue dosage according to the requirements, the insertion opening depth to meet the requirements of.3.2 热熔或电熔连接3.2 hot melt or fused connection采用热熔或电熔连接的给水塑料管有 PE 管、PP- R 管、PB 管。应使用厂家提供的专用熔接工具，连接前， 应清洁管子接口位置和管件， 保证其清洁、干燥、无油， 在管子和管件上做出标记， 熔合温度要定期检查， 确保在正确值， 熔合时应防止管件和管子向外滑动， 加热后严禁转动， 严格遵守保持时间和冷却
32、时间。Using hot melt or fused connection of plastic pipe water PE pipe, R pipe, PB pipe PP-. Should use special welding manufacturers to provide the tools, connected to the front, should clean the tube interface position and pipe fittings, ensure the clean, dry, no oil, put a marker in the pipes and fi
33、ttings, fusion temperature should be checked periodically to ensure that the correct value, fusion, should be to prevent the pipe and pipe slide outwards, heating is prohibited to turn, strictly abide by the holding time and cooling time.3.3 卡套（箍） 式专用管件连接3.3 sets of cards (hoop) type special pipe co
34、nnection采用卡套（箍） 式专用管件连接的给水塑料管有 PE - X 管。切割管子时要保证切口平直、整齐、无毛刺， 连接时两管端口应平整、无缝隙， 沟槽应均匀， 卡紧螺栓后管道应平直， 卡箍安装方向应一致。管道系统安装完成后应注意成品保护， 决不能脚踩车压，要对后续工种交接清楚， 办理移交手续，尤其是室内埋入墙内或楼板面层内的管道， 一定要做好记号， 以免后续工种或二次装修时破坏管道，防止任何损伤。管道试压应严格按规范要求， 只有这样才能保证系统正常可靠地运行。The card sleeve (band) of plastic water supply pipe connecting p
35、ipe with a special PE - X pipe. Cut tube should be cut straight, neat, no burr, connecting two pipe ports should be smooth, no cracks, the trench should be uniform, clamping bolt pipe should be straight, clamp installation direction should be consistent. Note product protection should pipeline syste
36、m after the installation is completed, must not be on the car, to the follow-up work clear transfer, handle the transfer formalities, especially indoor embedded pipe wall or floor surface layer, must do mark, in http:/ http:/ to avoid subsequent work or to the two decoration broken pipe, prevent any damage. Pipeline pressure test should be strictly according to the specification, the only way to ensure the normal and reliable operation.
