1、1. It 作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3.“All+抽象名词“或“抽象名词+itself“(very+ 形容词 )He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a crime.5. “something(much)of“和“nothing(little)of“something of“ 相当于“t
2、o some extent“，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为“anything of“，可译为“有点“，“略微等。“译为毫无 “，“全 无“。“much of“译为“大有“，“not much of“可译为“算不上“，“称不上“，“little of“可译为“几乎无“。 something like 译为“有点像，略似。“They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6. 同格名词修饰是指 of 前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of“以及它前面的名词构一个形
3、容词短语，以修饰“of“后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father“，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲“。Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. asascan(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be.8. “It is in(with)as in(with)“It is in life as in a journey.as good as“相等于，就像，几乎如; 实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he woul
4、d adopt him.“may as wellas“和“might as wellas“ “may as wellas“可译为“与其，不如，更好“，“以这样做为宜“，“如同，也可以“等等。“might as wellas“表示不可能的事，可译为“犹如“，“可与一样荒唐“，“与其那样不如这样的好“等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.“to makeof“的译法(使 成为，把当作)I will make a scientist of my son.too+不定式“，not(never)too+不定式“
5、，“toonot+不定式She is too angry to speak.only(not, all, but, never) tooto do so “和“too ready (apt)+to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是“not“，“all“but 等字后+“tooto，“不定式都失去了否定意义，在“too ready(apt)+to do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your tongue.“no morethan“句型A home without love is no more a home than a bo
6、dy without a soul is a man.“not so muchas“和“not so much as“结构，“not so muchas“=“not so much as“，其中 as 有进可换用 but rather，可译为：“与其说是 毋须说是“。而“not so much as“=“without(not)even，“可译为“甚至 还没有“。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .“Nothing is morethan“和“Nothing is soas“结构，“Nothing is moretha
7、n“和“Nothing is soas“都具有最高级比较的意思，“Nothing I“可换用“no“, “nobody“, “nowhere“, “little“, “few“, “hardly“, “scarcely“等等，可译为“没有 比更为“，“像再没有了“，“最“等。Nothing is more precious than time.“cannottoo“结构,“cannottoo“ 意为“It is impossible to overdo“或者，即“无论怎样也不算过分“。“not“ 可换用“hardly“，“scarcely“等，“too“可换用“enough“， “suffic
8、ient“等You cannot be too careful.“否定+but “结构，在否定词后面的“but“ ，具有“which not“ ，“who not“，“that not“，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成“没有不是“或“都“等Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.“否定+until (till)“结构，在否定词“no“， “not“，“never“，“little“，“few“，“seldom“等的后边所接用的“until/till“，多数情况下译为“直到才“，“要才“，把否定译为肯定。Nobody knows w
9、hat he can do till he has tried.“not sobut“和“not such a but“结构，这两个结构和“否定+but“的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结 构中的“but“是含有“thatnot“意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为“还没有到不能做的程度“，“ 并不是 不“ ，“无论怎样也不是 不能“等。He is not so sick but he can come to school.“疑问词+shouldbut “结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为“nonebut“，可译为“除了还有谁会“ ，“岂料“，“想不到 竟是“等。Who should write
10、it but himself?“who knows but (that)“和“who could shouldbut“结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为“多半“，“亦未可知“等等，有时也可直译。Who knows but (that) he may go?“祈使句+and“和“祈使句+or“结构，“祈使句+and“表示“Ifyou“，“祈使名+or“表示“ifnot，you。Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a
11、pile of red brick and you have a school.“名词+and“结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。“as,so“结构，这里的“so“的意思是“in the same way“(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.“if any“结构，“if any“和“if ever“，意思是“果真有“，“即使有“，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：“if anything“(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别 )，“if a day“(=at least，至少)
12、。There is little, if any, hope.“be it ever(never)so“和“let it be ever(never)so“结构，这里，“be it“中 的“be“是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let it be“。“ever so“和“never so“都表示同一意思，都表 示“very“。Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.“the last+不定式 “结构，这种结构中的“last“ 意思是“the least likely“，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大
13、可能的“，“最不合适的“，由原意的“最后一个“变成“最不可能的一个“。He is the last man to accept a bride.“sothat“句型，这个句型的意思是 “如此 ，以致于“，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成“如此以致于“ ，而是变通表达其含义。He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.“more + than+原级形容词(副词)“ 结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more“有“rather“的意思。It is more than probable that he will fall.more t
14、han +动词“结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为“异常“，“岂止“，“十二分地“等。This more than satisfied me.“good and “的副词用法，译为“非常“，“很“等。类似还有“nice and “, “fine and ,“ “lovely and “, “bright and “, “rare and “, “big and “等，均表示程度。The apples are good and ripe.“and that“结构，这个“and that“应译为“而且“，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，“that“ 代表前面的整个陈述部分。Return to y
15、our work , and that at once.“at onceand“结构，这个结构译为“既 又“，起相关连接的作用，相当于“bothand“。The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.“in that“结构，这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面 )“可译为“因为“。类似的结构还有“in this“。The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.“the name notwithstanding“结构，这个结构中“notwithstanding“ 是介词，
16、这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：“notwithstanding the name“。起让步状语的作用。Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.“Everynot“表示“不见得每个都是“;“Allnot“表示“不见得所有都是“的意思。Every man is not polite, and all are no
17、t born gentlemen.“may as well notas“结构，此结构可译为“与其不如不“。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.“have only to do“结构，此结构表示“只须( 消) 就能“ 的意思。We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.“not (no) unless“句型No increase in output
18、can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.“betterthan“句型Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.“as it were“是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是“好象“，“可以说“等。Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it, feels, as it
19、 were, the threads of this attachment.复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于 anyone 的定语从句过长，把谓语 must realize 提到定语从句之前。Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large a
20、n order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.“notany more than“为：“不能 ，正如不能“ 。One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.“Be that as it may“是“Let i
21、t be that as it may“的省略形式，是由“be“引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽然如此，尽管这样“。It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood
22、poison.“if at all“是一个由“if“引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即将“，“即使“等。I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.由 there 引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构 .There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its r
23、emote corners.“range from to“结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.“the way“结构I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be disc
24、ussed.notany more than“为：“不能 ，正如不能 “。One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.“Be that as it may“是“Let it be that as it may“的省略形式，是由“be“引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽然如此，尽管这样“。It is said that the nerve poiso
25、n is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.“if at all“是一个由“if“引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即将“，“即使“等。I can see only with great difficulty,
26、if at all.由 there 引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构 .There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.“range from to“结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computer applications r
27、ange from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.“the way“结构I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.“so much that“句型But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to writ
28、e sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.“when“引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到 when 从句就考虑译为“当的时候“，它还有许多种译法。Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only t
29、he possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.“sothat, suchthat“是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, t
30、hat in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.“by doing“结构。这个结构的意思是“通过( 做)“，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
