1、i重庆南方翻译学院本科毕业论文中文题目：大学英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养外文题目：Promoting Cross-culture Communication Competence in College English Learning院 系 国际商学院 专 业 英语（国际经贸） 年 级 2008 级 学 号 081504631003 学 生 王洲雨 指导教师 谭琦 结稿日期 2012 年 05 月 01 日 四川外语学院重庆南方翻译学院教务处制2012 年 5 月 07 日填i大学英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养摘要：在现代化和全球化的背景下，语言不仅仅作为一种交流工具，更是文化的承载。在各国
2、的合作与文化交流中，交换的不仅仅是单纯的语言符号，更是不同的文化背景。这些文化背景影响着人们交往的方式，标准和策略。外语学习的目标是什么？越来越多的外语专业研究者和学者更看重跨文化交际能力。跨文化交际能力是指外语学习者具有探索和鉴赏语言的社会文化意义，能意识到东西方语言文化差异造成的影响，分析出谈话中的实际错误。这样的人才正是满足社会的需求。当今社会环境下外语的学习：学生们普遍接受严格的规范教学，并且都能取得很好的成绩。但他们在英语应用上表现出能力不足，也不能理解英语在文化交流中的恰当用法。误解常来自于跨文化交际中的文化差异。论文的目的在于强调文化交际能力在外语学习中的重要性，论证了如何培养学
3、生跨文化交际能力。作者强调了语言文化在文化交流中的关联性，提高学生跨文化交际能力，对学术界和社会都有极大的影响。关键词：语言学习；文化学习；跨文化交际能力iiPromoting Cross-cultural Communication Competence in College English LearningAbstractIn the context of globalization and modernization, language is not only the tool of communication for human being, but also the carrier
4、of culture. Everyday, people of different races interact and cooperate with each other. Their different cultural backgrounds will affect the style, strategy and standard when they contact and communicate with others. More and more researchers and scholars consider its learners cross-cultural communi
5、cative competence.The cross-cultural communicational competence refers to the learners who have the ability to explore and appreciate the social and cultural meaning of language, compare the differences between west culture and east culture, aware the effect brought by the different language and cul
6、ture between west and east, analyze the pragmatic failure in discourse. In China, students have received a set of strict grammatical rules and good grades, but they frequently remain deficient in the ability to actually use English and to understand its appropriate use in normal cross-cultural commu
7、nication. Misunderstanding caused by cultural differences has involved them frequently in cross-cultural miscommunication. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of cross-cultural communication competence in English learning, and demonstrate how to develop this competence. Author h
8、ighlights the relationship between culture and language. A Good cross-cultural communication competence in English learning has great academic meaning and social influence.Key words：language learning; culture learning; cross-cultural communicational competenceiiiAcknowledgementsFor the completion of
9、 my paper，I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have helped me and supported me.First of all, I would like to extend my whole -hearted gratitude to my instructor Tan Qi for his foresight guidance, enlightening instructions and constant encouragements. During the writing and r
10、evising of this paper, he gave me immeasurable and invaluable help. Without his patient help and constructive advice, the completion of this paper would be impossible.Secondly, my gratitude goes to all the college leaders and teachers ,who have imparted the essence of knowledge to me, to Mr. Zhou, M
11、iss Yang ,Vice Professor Mr. He and Mr. Tan ,whose courses are so informative and inspiring that without them my ability of writing this thesis could not have been improved.Finally, my gratitude also goes to my kind friends, my dear parents and any other people who have given me unreserved support t
12、o my hard work at this paper.1Contents自己调整下目录的页码哈中文摘要 1Abstract.1Acknowledgements.1Introduction.1I. Understanding Cross-cultural Communication Competence 1A. Cultures and Cross-cultural Communication Competence.1B. The Components of Cross-cultural Communication Competence1C. The Functions of Cross-c
13、ultural Communication Competence 1II. The Strategies in Promoting Cross-cultural Communication Competence .1A. Raising Awareness of Integrating Cultural learning.1B. Stressing the Importance of General Knowledge1C. Enhancing Appreciation of English Literary Heritage1III. Methods in Promoting Cross-c
14、ultural Communication Competence .1A. Learning Culture-loaded Words .2B. Learning Idioms and Proverbs 2C. Learning Cultural Background Knowledge 2D. Strengthening Extracurricular Activities 2Conclusion 2Notes .2Bibliography .21Promoting Cross-cultural Communication Competence in College English Lear
15、ningIntroductionWith the development of science and technology, fast pace of globalization, different cultures contact with and affect on each other. So, the traditional English learning doesnt meet the demand of the goal of high-quality education, whose norm is greatly affected by structuralism, ta
16、ught in a pure and abstract form, focused on strict grammatical rules. Such kind of learning leads to some difficulties in understanding cultural knowledge and produce serious consequence learners incompetence in cross-cultural communication. Therefore, more and more people devote themselves to the
17、study of cross-cultural communication, and especially English teachers spend much time and energy reforming the learning strategies so as to develop effective cross-cultural communication competence for learners. This paper, hence, aims to emphasize the importance of cross-cultural communication com
18、petence and propose learning strategies of cross-cultural communication in English learning so as to make learners get smooth and efficient cross-cultural communication competence. To achieve this goal firstly go through the natural relationship of elements of cross-cultural communication, i.e., lan
19、guage, culture and communication. The following will give brief introduction. What and how people do in their daily life in fact are all connected with the culture in which they are brought up. Culture means different things to different people. In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life
20、of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. It establishes a context of cognitive and affective behavior for each person.2Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in c
21、ulture, which not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects peoples attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks etc. The creation of culture lives without language; meanwhile, change and development of language are inevitably depending on
22、the development of culture. As British linguist Claire Kramsch concludes the relationship between culture and language: language expresses cultural reality, language embodies cultural identity and language symbolizes cultural reality. In other words, language and culture are inseparably interwoven,
23、understanding one requires understanding the other. Therefore, learning a English means more than merely mastering its linguistic competence, it also requires learners to see the world as native speakers of that language see it, so language learning is also culture learning, thus language and cultur
24、e should be taught simultaneously in class.Besides the close relationship between culture and language, we should not ignore the tie between culture and communication. Samovar and Porter define communication as follows: “Communication occurs whenever meaning is attributed to behavior or residue of b
25、ehavior.”1 This means that when someone perceives our behavior or it residues and attributes meaning to it, communication takes place. They also note that culture manifests itself both in patterns of language and thought and in forms of activity and behavior. But if speakers in communication belongi
26、ng to different cultures, they encounter cross-cultural miscommunication. Therefore, culture is a communication problem, as cultural variances increase, so does the problem of communication.The link between culture and communication is crucial to understand cross-cultural communication, because it g
27、oes through the influence of culture that people learn to communicate. Once people from different culture meet, their communication practice differs from that of people in the same culture. Thus in language learning, culture competence equally levels with linguistic competence. All the crucial eleme
28、nts come to cross-cultural communication. 3Cross-cultural communication refers to communication between people from different cultures. Samovar claims that cross-cultural communication “whenever a message that must be understood is produced by a member of one culture for consumption by a member of a
29、nother culture.”2 To put it more precisely, cross-cultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbols are distinct enough to alter the communication event. And cross-cultural communication has connected with other subjects, importantly involving anthropology
30、, socio psychology, sociolinguistics and communication. It includes cross-cultural communication, interethnic communication, across-cultural communication and international communication.In English learning, its worthy to combine cross-cultural communication into learning syllabus and pose promoting
31、 learners cross-cultural communication competence as the ultimate goal in learning. But currently in China, many of the students often fail to relate this goal to everyday classroom practices. Having been long focused on the grammar-centered syllabus, their only purpose in English learning is to dev
32、elop ones grammatical competence in the exam-oriented educational environment. Thats why the high-mark students often stumble in daily communication, not because of the non-native speakers linguistic competence but because of their pragmatic incompetence. It is no denying that there are other import
33、ant factors besides grammatical knowledge, so in recent years, quite a number of Chinese experts and teachers transfer their emphasis from grammatical competence to cross-cultural competence. The following section will give full explanation.4I. Understanding Cross-cultural Communication CompetenceIt
34、 is indisputable fact that language cannot be separated from its culture. Thats why the competence of cross-culture communication weighs highly in language learning from the perspective of sociolinguistics. Cross-cultural communication competence is connected with the concepts of culture and communi
35、cation competence, it is the key to successful cross-cultural communication.Cross-cultural or intercultural communication occurs between people from different cultures. In the age of globalization，cross-cultural interaction is perceived as a dynamic and enriching phenomenon that reflects the negotia
36、ted nature of culture and cultural identity. As the complexity and impact of cultural exchange increase, English learning in China will gradually face the challenge of incorporating cross-cultural communication skills into class instruction. To gain insights into the processes of cross-cultural comm
37、unication，it is necessary to understand the meaning of culture the notion of bicultural-identification and the dynamic nature of cross-cultural interaction.A. Cultures and Cross-cultural Communication Competence“A close examination of the literature on cultural studies and related areas of research
38、yields a list of more than 200 definitions of culture”. Some scholars define as “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the member of one group or category of people from others”.3 Cultures differ radically in their use of space, touch, time, and artifacts: in the symbolism of the
39、ir attire: in their use of kinesics and vocalic cues; in short, in all nonverbal codes . To a large extent, peoples habitual interpersonal styles differ depending upon their cultural heritage. By violating a cultures norms.5Thomas and Inkson suggested that cultural intelligence is required in bridgi
40、ng the cultural divide and cultivating cross-cultural relationships. These authors advise that acquiring knowledge in intercultural interactions, being mindful of cultural difference, and leaning how to behave and perform in various cultures add to the repertoire of cross-cultural communication adeq
41、uacies.The subject of cross-cultural communication competence catches the interests of communication scholars. Over the last quarter of the twentieth century, many studies have been conducted on cross-cultural communication competence and investigated under many different tittles, such as cross-cult
42、ural effectiveness, cross-cultural awareness, interpersonal competence and cross-cultural competence. Samaovar and Porter define cross-cultural communication as occurring “whenever a message producer is a member of one culture and a message receiver is a member of another.”4 For Collier and Thomas c
43、ross-cultural communication competence is contact between persons who identify themselves as distinctive from one another in cultural terms. Generally speaking, cross-cultural communication competence includes both the knowledge of culture and communication rules and the ability to apply this knowle
44、dge to actual cross-cultural communication situation. This competence requires some adaptation to the cultures of both parties participate the communication. It means that either party has to make certain compromise, thats to say, to make some changes in behavior that are different from ones culture
45、. Specifically, cross-cultural communication competence refers to an integrative approach from theory to practice, which enables us to apply the cross-cultural knowledge we have learned in a sensitive manner. It is a transformation process connecting cross-cultural knowledge with 470 competent pract
46、ices. The word “cross-cultural” conveys the idea that there exist knowledge and skills in cross-cultural communication competence, such as culture-specific and ethnic-specific knowledge which will help people 6communicate appropriately and effectively in a wide range of cross-cultural situation. As
47、cross-cultural communication competence attaches much importance to smooth and effective cross-cultural communication, talking about cross-cultural communication competence is to find out how to develop cross-cultural communication competence, so its necessary for us to know the crucial components c
48、ontribute to effective cross-cultural communication competence.B. The Components of Cross-cultural Communication Competence Broadly speaking, intercultural competence refers to openness to diversity; in this paper it also refers to critical thinking skills required for effective use of global mass m
49、edia and the ability to draw on both ones own and out-group members cultural resources in speech communication. As a concept, intercultural competence is often used interchangeably with such notions as cultural competence, cross-cultural competence, intercultural effectiveness, and ethnic competence. All these concepts refer to ways of thinking and behaving that enable members of one cultural, ethnic or linguistic group to work effectively with members of another. For instance, Williamss defined “cross-cultur
