1、北语 10 秋大学英语三导学资料一同学们大家好：这一学期第一阶段的学习内容是课件内的交际用语部分和阅读理解部分，交际用语部分包括十四个单元，具体包括 Greetings, Introduction, Thanks, Apologies, Making Calls, Parting and Seeing off, Asking for Advice/Suggestion, Asking for Help, Compliments, Invitations, Shopping, Seeing the Doctor, Asking the Way, Asking for Information。大家
2、要认真学习课件里的这些内容，掌握其中的知识点。下面针对交际用语部分给大家补充一些与交际用语、阅读方法、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级等有关的学习资料，帮助大家更好的学习这一部分的内容。第一部分 交际在日常交际中，需要大家掌握一些英语日常交际用语，除了课件内的内容之外，我给大家再补充一些常用的交际用语，实用的商务交际礼节用语，供大家学习！第一拿手好戏：社交性寒暄的全面总结 1. A: How are you doing? B: Im doing fine/OK/pretty well/great/super/terrific/so-so. 或: Not bad. /The same as ever
3、. /I cant complain too much. (我不能太抱怨。/ 还不错。) B: Terrible. Ive had a headache all morning. 2. A: Hows it going? B: Fine. /Pretty good. A: Hows everything with you/going？ B: Well, Im still alive and kicking. /So far so good. 3. A: Howve you been? (你近来怎么样？) B: All right. 或: Not much lately. 4. A: How a
4、re things with you/going? B: Great. 或: Im just taking one day at a time. (我只是过一天算一天。 ) 5. A: Whats happening? (原意为“有什么事 “，现在已演变成“你好吗？“ A: Whats happening with you these days? B: Nothing much. (没什么。) 6. A: Whats new?/Whats up? B: Not much. / Nothing in particular. / Nothing special. 7. A: Anything in
5、teresting happening? 8. A: How are you (are they/is she /is he) getting along? (近来如何？) 包括事业、健康状况等等！ B: Keeping busy. Yourself? 9. A: How do you feel today? B: I feel like a new man. 还有两个特别地道的问候是*Whats going on? 和*What are you up to? 都表示“ 你在忙些什么？“，在美国电影中常听到。 下面提供大量实用“ 废话“ ，让你成为人际交往公关大师！1. Are you mak
6、ing progress? 2. Did you sleep soundly last night. 3. Have you gotten over your cold? 4. How come you look so tired? 5. Why are you in such a good mood? 6. I just stopped by to say hello. 7. What a pleasant surprise running into you. 8. Im glad I ran into you. Where have you been hiding lately? 9. I
7、ve been thinking about you lately. Lets talk over coffee. 10. Youre just the man I want to see. 11. I havent seen you for ages/in years/for a long time. 12. Its nice to see you again. Have you changed jobs? 13. How was your trip to New York? 14. What has kept you so busy? 第二拿手好戏：和陌生人相识相知相交非凡的能力 A: M
8、ary, this is Stones brother Jim. B: Im very glad/pleased to meet you. C: Its a pleasure to meet you. /The pleasure is mine. B: How do you like China so far? /Whats your impression of China? /What do you think of China? C: Its really different from what I expected. B: Dont worry. Youll get used to it
9、 in no time. 1. May I have your name, please? 2. I think Ive seen you before. You look very familiar. 3. Say, dont I know you from somewhere? 4. I must have seen you somewhere before. 5. Havent we met before? 6. We have talked of you often. 7. I didnt quite catch your name. /Im sorry. I didnt get yo
10、ur name. 8. A: How do I address you? B: Please call me Mary. Thats my first name. 9. How many brothers and sisters do you have? 10. Where are you working now? 11. Ive been looking forward to meeting you. 12. Ive heard a great deal about you. 13. Is this your first trip to China? /Have you ever been
11、to Guangzhou? 14. What impressed you the most about Shanghai? 15. May I ask where you are from? 16. I hope youre enjoying your stay here. 17. It always takes time to get used to a new place. 18. Sorry, I couldnt help overhearing - did you mention something about(对不起，我无意中听见你们的谈话，你是不是提到) 下面介绍一些用于安排约会的
12、方法 10. Uh, are you going to be busy this evening? 11. Um, I was thinking of going to a movie tonight. Would you like to come? 12. Are you doing anything tonight? I was wondering if youd like to go to a movie with me. 13. Im going to play with a group of friends. Would you like to join us? 如何用地道的英语回答
13、 14. Thatd be very nice. /Id love to. /Thats a great idea. 15. Sorry, Im afraid Im busy tonight. /Tonights a problem. What about tomorrow night? /Sorry, Ive got people coming over tonight. (今晚有客人来。)英语口语 10 句：教你礼貌地结束通话在打电话时遇到插播电话？或者有其他紧急事情等着你去做？这个时候该怎么办呢？今天我们就来学习几个简单的礼貌结束通话的句子，让你不再为如何挂掉电话而烦恼。1. Ive r
14、eally got to go, Ill get back to you when I get the office.我真的得走了，我进办公室再打给你。2. Sorry, I must end the conversation. Theres someone on the other line.抱歉，我不能再说了。有另一人在线。3. Sorry, Ive got to hang up. My wifes waiting for me.抱歉，我得挂电话了。我老婆在等我。4. I think Id better let you go. Ill talk to you later.我想我应该让你去忙
15、了，我晚点再打给你。5. I have to get back to work. Ill call you later tonight.我要回去工作了。我今晚再打给你。6. Shall we continue this later? Ive got a call waiting.我们可不可以晚一点再继续谈？我有插播。7. Its kind of late. Why dont we talk about it tomorrow?有点晚了。我们何不明天再谈呢？8. Ive got to meet a client right now. Can we talk later?我现在要去见一个客户。我们
16、可以晚一点再谈吗？9. I wont keep you any longer.我不耽误你时间了。10. Sorry, its getting late. Can you call again tomorrow morning?抱歉，时候不早了。你可不可以明天早上再打来？非常实用的商务交际礼节用语一轮会谈 one round of talks决议 resolution谅解备忘录 memorandum of understanding现在开会 I declare the meeting open.请发言 I invite the representative of to take the floo
17、r.下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况 Now I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijings economy.我的介绍完了，谢谢。 Thats all for my presentation. Thank you.我先说这么多。 So much for my remarks for now.我要说的就是这些。 Thats all for what I want to say.您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题？ I wonder if you would like to start with matters of princ
18、iple or specific issues.让我先谈一个问题。 If you agree,(With your permission)let me start with one issue在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。 Before we turn to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.您对此事怎么看呢？ I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matte
19、r?/ How do you see this matter?我提议休会十分钟。 I propose a ten-minute break.我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。 I will pick up where we left off just now.对不起，我插一句。 Sorry for the interruption but当然可以。 By all means怎么都行。 Whatever you say.我没有异议。 I have no objection我方对这个问题有异议。 We take exception to this question.我们高兴地看到 We note with
20、 pleasure that这个日期贵方觉得合适吗？ I wonder if this date would be suitable for you.不知你们上午谈的怎样？ I wonder how the meeting went this morning.我方很希望贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。 We would greatly appreciate it if you could give us your favorable and prompt commitment as soon as possible.请你们务必在 8 月 1 日前提出意向书。 You are kindly reque
21、sted to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.纠缠这个问题 entangle this issue提倡节约 advocate/uphold thriftiness为了国家的繁荣 for the sake of national property密切注视 Keep close watch on促进密切合作 spur/promote intensive cooperation久仰 Ive heard so much about you.好久不见了 Long time no see.辛苦了 Youve
22、 had a long day. Youve had a long flight.尊敬的朋友们 distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends阁下(多用于称呼大使) Your Excellency我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京。On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.对您的大力协助，我谨代表北京市政府表示衷心的感谢。 On behalf of
23、 the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance.在北京过得怎么样？ How are you making out in Beijing?我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请。 Ill surely remember you and your invitation to him.欢迎美商来北京投资。American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing.欢迎多提宝贵
24、意见。 Your valuable advice is most welcome.不虚此行 Its a rewarding trip.您的日程很紧，我们的会见是否就到此为止。As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time.请代我问候先生 please remember me to Mr.感谢光临 Thank you so much for coming.欢迎再来 Hope youll come again.欢迎以后多来北京 Hope youll visit Beijing more often.请留步，不用送
25、了。 I will see myself out, please.多保重 Take care.祝您一路平安。Have a nice trip.愿为您效劳。 At your service.为举行宴会/宴请 host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of 欢迎宴会 welcome dinner便宴 informal dinner午宴（附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内容） luncheon第二部分、阅读理解在这一部分，我给大家介绍一下英语阅读理解的阅读方法。拿到一篇阅读理解题应该从何读起？首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，找出题干中的关键词，明确需要解决的问
26、题，这样阅读的目的就很明确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型。略读(Skimming)：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意。要按意群扫视，连贯阅读；要特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章大意的关键。查读(Scanning)：这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节，例如：事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。这种方法主要用于做细节题。细读(Reading for full understanding)：这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题。对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关
27、段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲。第三部分、语法知识形容词和副词的比较级与最高级知识要点1比较级和最高级的构成形式(1)绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加-er 构成比较级，加-est 构成最高级。如：nicenicernicest(2)大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，前面加 more 构成比较级，加 the most 构成最高级。如：careful-more careful-most careful2形容词和副词的应用(1)同等程度比较：as+原级+asegTom is as bright as Mark汤姆和亨利一样聪明。(2)不同程度的比较：比较级+than
28、egTom is taller than Mark汤姆比亨利高。not asso+ 原级+asegTom is not asso bright as Mark汤姆不如亨利聪明。(3)对比与比较：the+比较级，the+比较级 egThe older I get，the happier I am我越变老，越觉得幸福。比较级+and+比较级egJane became more and more beautiful珍妮越来越漂亮了。(4)当几个形容词修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序是：好坏、美丑+大小、新旧、颜色+质地、属性+ 名词如果你记住 opshacom 这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容
29、词排列的顺序。opshacom 中 op 代表 opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如 :beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice 等。 sh 代表 shape,指表示形状的形容词,如:long,short,round, narrow 等。 a 代表 age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如:old,new, young 等。 c 代表 colour,指表示颜色的形容词 ,如:red, black, orange 等。 o 代表 origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如:British,Canadian,German 等。 m 代表 material,指表示材料的形容词,
30、如:plastic,metal 等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时通常就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen.(5)当被修饰的是以-thing ，-one，-body 结尾的不定代词时，作定语的形容词要后置。egI read something interesting我读了一些有趣的东西。例题讲解1)Your box is mineAfour times as big asBfour times as bigger asCas four times big Das big as four times解析：A。在 asas 句型中，
31、如有表示程度的状语 (如 twice，three times)，则置第一个as 之前，表示前者是后者的几倍。2)Todays weather is worse than yesterdaysAveryBmuchCvery muchDmuch too解析：B。very 用来修饰形容词的原级形式；much 修饰比较级；very much 一般用来修饰动词；much too 常用来修饰形容词的原级形式。3)Did the medicine make you feel better? NoThe more ， I feltAmedicine I take；and the worseBmedicine
32、I take；the worseCI took medicine；the worse Dmedicine I took；the worse. 解析：D。本题是“越越”句型，要用“the+比较级，the+ 比较级 句型，前后分句都用陈述语气。4)What will you buy for your boyfriends birthday? I want to buy a wallet for himAblack leather smallBsmall black leatherCsmall leather black Dblack small leather解析：B。根据多个形容词作定语次序排列规律，应该是 small(大小)+black(颜色)+leather(质地)。大学英语三辅导老师
