1、常用人体解剖学英文名词千字表A LIST OF COMMON ENGLISH TERM OF HUMAN ANATOMY绪论 introduction*解剖学 anatomy*人体解剖学 human anatomy*系统解剖学 systematic anatomy, descriptive anatomy*局部解剖学 topographic anatomy, regional anatomy*应用解剖学 applied anatomy*临床解剖学 clinical anatomy*外科解剖学 surgical anatomy*解剖学姿势 anatomical position*矢状面 sagi
2、ttal plane*正中矢状面 median(or midsagittal) plane*冠状面（或额状面） coronal(or frontal) plane*横切面（或水平面） transverse(or horizontal) plane前面（或腹侧面） anterior(or ventral) surface后面（或背侧面） posterior(or dorsal) surface上端（或颅端） superior(or cranial) end下端（或尾端） inferior(or caudal) end内侧（尺侧或胫侧）缘 medial(ulnar or tibial)border
3、外侧（桡侧或腓侧）缘 lateral(radial or fibular)border近侧端（或上端） proximal(or upper) end远侧端（或下端） distal(or lower) end内面 internal(or interior)surface外面 external(or exterior)surface浅层 superficial layer深层 deep layer人体各部位 parts of human body*头 head*颅 cranium, skull*额 front*枕 occipit*颞 temples*耳 ear*面 face*眼 eye*鼻 nos
4、e*口 mouth唇 lip*颈 neck, cervix, collum*躯干 trunk*背 back*胸 thorax, chest*腹 abdomen脐 umbilicus*盆部 pelvis四肢 limbs, extremities*上肢 upper limb*肩 shoulder腋 axilla*臂 arm*肘 elbow*前臂 forearm*手 hand腕 wrist掌 palm*鱼际 thenar*小鱼际 hypothenar*手指 finger*拇指 thumb示指 index finger*下肢 lower limb*髋 hip*股（又称大腿) thigh*膝 knee*
5、小腿 leg*踝 ankle, malleolus*足 foot跗 tarsus跖 sole*趾 toe运动系统 locomotor system骨及骨连结 bone and joint*骨学 osteology*骨骼 skeleton*骨骼系统 skeletal system*骨 bone中轴骨 axial skeleton附肢骨 appendicular skeleton*长骨 long bone*短骨 short bone*扁骨 flat bone*不规则骨 irregular bone*骨密质 compact bony substance*骨松质 spongy bony substan
6、ce*骨膜 periosteum骨内膜 endosteum*黄骨髓 yellow bony marrow*红骨髓 red bony marrow骺 epiphysis骨干 diaphysis干骺端 metaphysis*骺软骨 epiphysial cartilage*骺线 epiphysial line滋养孔 nutrient foramen髓腔 medullary cavity突 process棘 spine隆起 eminence粗隆 tuberosity结节 tuber, tubercle嵴 crest线 line窝 concavity, fossa凹 fovea小凹 foveola压迹
7、 impression腔 cavity窦 autrum, sinus管 canal, duct孔 foramen,opening口 mouth, apertura, aditus, ostium裂孔 hiatus髁 condyle上髁 epicondyle缘 margin切迹 notch, incisura纤维连结 fibrous joint韧带连结 syndesmosis缝 suture软骨连结 cartilaginous joint*关节 articulation, joint*关节面 articular surface关节软骨 articular cartilage*关节囊 articu
8、lar capsul*纤维层 fibrous layer*滑膜 synovial membrane*关节腔 articular cavity*韧带 ligament*关节盘 articular disk*关节半月板 articular meniscus*关节唇 articular labrum滑膜关节 synovial joint平面关节 plane joint球窝关节 ball and socket joint椭圆关节 ellipsoid joint车轴关节 pivot joint鞍状关节 saddle joint*屈 flexion*伸 extension*收 adduction*展 ab
9、duction*旋转 rotation*环转 circumduction*旋前 pronation*旋后 supination*外翻 eversion*内翻 inversion*背屈 dorsiflexion*跖屈 plantarflexion*椎骨 vertebrae*脊柱 vertebral column*椎管 vertebral canal*椎体 vertebral body*椎弓 vertebral arch*椎间孔 intervertebral foramen*椎孔 vertebral foramen*棘突 spinous process*横突 transverse process上
10、关节突 superior articular process*颈椎 cervical vertebrae*横突孔 transverse foramen*寰椎 atlas侧块 lateral mass*枢椎 axis齿突 dens*胸椎 thoracic vertebrae上肋凹 superior costal fovea*腰椎 lumbar vertebrae*骶骨 sacrum, sacral bone骶骨岬 sacral promontory*骶管裂孔 sacral hiatus骶角 sacral horn*尾骨 coccyx*椎间盘 intervertebral disc*纤维环 anu
11、lus fibrosus*髓核 pulpiform nucleus*黄韧带 ligaments flava寰枕关节 atlanto-occipital joint*肋 ribs, costae*肋软骨 costal cartilage*肋沟 costal groove*肋弓 costal arch*胸骨 sternum胸骨柄 sternal manubrium胸骨体 sternal body*剑突 xiphoid process*胸骨角 sternal angle*胸廓 thoracic cage肋椎关节 costovertebral joints胸肋关节 sternocostal joint
12、s*枕骨 occipital bone枕骨髁 occipital condyle*舌下神经管 hypoglossal canal*枕骨大孔 foramen magnum枕外隆凸 external occipital protuberance*蝶骨 sphenoid bone*蝶鞍 sella turcica*垂体窝 hypophysial fossa*视神经管 optic canal鞍背 dorsum sellae破裂孔 foramen lacerum*圆孔 foramen rotundum*卵圆孔 foramen ovale*棘孔 foramen spinosum*眶上裂 superior
13、orbital fissure大翼 greater wings翼突 pterygoid process*颞骨 temporal bone岩部 petrous portion*乳突 mastoid process*面神经管 facial canal肌咽鼓管 musculo-tubal canal*内耳门 internal acoustic port*茎突 styloid process*茎乳孔 stylomastoid foramen*外耳道 external acoustic meatus*下颌窝 mandibular fossa*顶骨 parietal bone*额骨 frontal bon
14、e*筛骨 ethmoid bone下鼻甲 inferior nasal concha泪骨 lacrimal bone鼻骨 nasal bone犁骨 vomer*上颌骨 maxilla眶下孔 infraorbital foramen牙槽突 alveolar process切牙管 incisive canal*腭骨 palatine bone*颧骨 zygomatic bone*下颌骨 mandible颏孔 mental foramen冠突 coronoid process下颌切迹 mandibular incisure*舌骨 hyoid bone颅盖 calvaria外板 outer plate
15、内板 inner plate*板障 diploe*颅前窝 anterior cranial fossa*颅中窝 middle cranial fossa*颅后窝 posterior cranial fossa颞窝 temporal fossa*颧弓 zygomatic arch*颞下窝 infratemporal fossa*翼腭窝 pterygopalatine fossa*翼点 pterion*颈动脉管 carotid canal*颈静脉孔 jugular foramen腭大孔 greater palatine foramen*眶 orbit眶上孔 supraorbital foramen
16、眶下孔 infraorbital foramen*骨性鼻腔 bony nasal cavity*鼻腔 nasal cavity*鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus*上颌窦 maxillary sinus*蝶窦 sphenoidal sinus*额窦 frontal sinus*筛窦 ethmoidal sinus鼻中隔 nasal septum上(中, 下)鼻道 superior(middle, inferior) nasal meatus颅囟 cranial fontanelle前囟 anterior fontanelle冠状缝 coronary suture矢状缝 sagital su
17、ture人字缝 lambdoid suture*颞下颌关节 temporomandibular joint*肩胛骨 scapula*肩峰 acromion*关节盂 glenoid cavity*喙突 coracoid process*锁骨 clavicle*肱骨 humerus大结节 greater tubercle小结节 lesser tubercle*解剖颈 anatomical neck*外科颈 surgical neck鹰嘴窝 olecranon fossa*内上髁 medial epicondyle*桡骨 radius环状关节面 articular circumference*尺骨
18、ulna鹰嘴 olecranon滑车切迹 trochlear notch*腕骨 carpal bones, carpus舟骨 scaphoid bone三角骨 triquetral bone豌豆骨 pisiform bone大多角骨 trapezium bone小多角骨 trapezoid bone头状骨 capitate bone钩骨 hamate bone*掌骨 metacarpal bones*指骨 phalanges of fingers*胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint*肩关节 shoulder joint盂唇 glenoid labrum*肘关节 elbow
19、joint*桡骨环状韧带 annular ligament of radius*桡尺近侧关节 proximal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节 distal radioulnar joint*腕关节 wrist joint腕掌关节 carpometacarpal joint掌指关节 metacarpophalangeal joint指间关节 interphalangeal joint*髋骨 hip bone*髋臼 acetabulum*闭孔 obturater foramen*髂骨 ilium髂嵴 iliac crest*坐骨 ischium*耻骨 pubis*骨盆 pelvis
20、*股骨 femur大转子 greater trochanter髁间窝 intercondylar fossa*髌骨 patella*胫骨 tibia髁间隆起 intercondylar eminence*内踝 medial malleolus*腓骨 fibula*外踝 lateral malleolus*跗骨 tarsal bone, tarsus距骨 talus*跟骨 calcaneus足舟骨 navicular bone内侧楔骨 medial cuneiform bone骰骨 cuboid bone*跖骨 metatarsal bones*趾骨 phalanges of toes*耻骨联合
21、 pubic symphysis*骶髂关节 sacroiliac joint*骶结节韧带 sacrotuberous ligament*骶棘韧带 sacrospinous ligament*髋关节 hip joint*膝关节 knee joint*半月板 meniscus*交叉韧带 cruciate ligaments*踝关节 ankle joint跗骨间关节 intertarsal joint距跟关节 talocalcaneal joint跗横关节 transverse tarsal joint跗跖关节 tarsometatarsal joints跖趾关节 metatarsophalange
22、al joints(二)肌肉 muscles肌学 myology肌肉系统 muscular system*肌 muscle*骨骼肌 skeletal muscle*肌腹 muscle belly*肌头 head of muscle腱膜 aponeurosis起点 origin止点 insertion*筋膜 fascia*浅筋膜 superficial fascia*深筋膜 deep fascia滑膜囊 synovial bursa*腱鞘 tendinous sheath*斜方肌 trapezius*背阔肌 latissimus dorsi*竖脊肌 erector spinae胸腰筋膜 thor
23、acolumbar fascia颈阔肌 platysma*胸锁乳突肌 sternocleidomastoid*斜角肌 scalenus*胸大肌 pectoralis major*胸小肌 pectoralis minor*前锯肌 serratus anterior*膈 diaphragm*中心腱 central tendon*腹直肌 rectus abdominis*腹直肌鞘 sheath of rectus abdominis白线 linea alba*腹外斜肌 obliquus externus abdominis*腹内斜肌 obliquus internus abdominis*腹横肌 t
24、ransversus abdominis*腰大肌 psoas major*髂腰肌 iliopsoas*腹股沟韧带 inguinal ligament*腹股沟管 inguinal canal腹股沟管浅环 superficial inguinal ring*面肌 facial muscles枕额肌 occipitofrontal muscle帽状腱膜 gelea aponeurotica*咀嚼肌 masticatory muscles咬肌 masseter颞肌 temporalis*三角肌 deltoid大圆肌 teres major小圆肌 teres minor*肱二头肌 biceps brac
25、hii*肱三头肌 triceps brachii*肱桡肌 brachioradialis*旋前圆肌 pronator teres*桡侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi radialis*掌长肌 palmaris longus*尺侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi ulnaris*指浅屈肌 flexor digitorum superficialis指深屈肌 flexor digitorum profundus拇长屈肌 flexor pollicis longus旋前方肌 pronator quadratus桡侧腕长伸肌 extensor carpi radialis longus桡侧腕短伸肌
26、extensor carpi radialis brevis指伸肌 extensor digitorum*旋后肌 supinator*蚓状肌 lumbricales*骨间肌 interossei*臀大肌 gluteus maximus*梨状肌 piriformis*股四头肌 quadriceps femoris*髌韧带 patellar ligament缝匠肌 sartorius*股二头肌 biceps femoris*半腱肌 semitendinosus*半膜肌 semimembranosus*腓骨长肌 peroneus longus*腓骨短肌 peroneus brevis*胫骨前肌 ti
27、bialis anterior*小腿三头肌 triceps surae*腓肠肌 gastrocnemius*比目鱼肌 soleus*跟腱 tendo calcaneus内脏学 splanchnology消化系统 digestive system*内脏学 splanchnology*内脏 viscera*消化系统 digestive system*口腔 mouth cavity*唇 lip颊 cheek腭 palatine*牙 tooth, teeth牙髓 dental pulp切牙 incisor teeth尖牙 canine teeth前磨牙 premolar teeth磨牙 molar t
28、eeth恒牙 permanent teeth乳牙 deciduous teeth*唾液腺 salivary gland舌下腺 sublingual gland下颌下腺 submandibular gland腮腺 parotid gland*舌 tongue味蕾 taste bud, gustatory bud舌乳头 papillae of tongue*咽 pharynx*咽峡 isthmus of fauces咽腔 cavity of pharynx*扁桃体 tonsil*食管 esophagus*胃 stomach胃大弯 greater curvature of stomach胃小弯 le
29、sser curvature of stomach角切迹 angular incisure贲门部 cardial part幽门部 pyloric part幽门 pylorus*小肠 small intestine*十二指肠 duodenum*空肠 jejunum*回肠 ileum*大肠 large intestine*盲肠 caecum*阑尾 vermiform appendix*结肠 colon*升结肠 ascending colon*横结肠 transverse colon*降结肠 descending colon*乙状结肠 sigmoid colon*直肠 rectum*肛门 anus*
30、肛管 anal canal*肝 liver*肝总管 common hepatic duct *胆囊gallbladder*胆囊管 cystic duct*胆总管 common bile duct*胰 pancreas胰管 pancreatic duct(二)呼吸系统 respiratory system*呼吸系统 respiratory system外鼻 external nose*喉 larynx甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage环状软骨 cricoid cartilage杓状软骨 arytenoid cartilage弹性圆锥 conus elasticus喉肌 laryngea
31、l muscles会厌 epiglottis会厌软骨 epiglottic cartilage喉腔 laryngeal cavity声门 glottis*声带 vocal fold*气管 trachea*支气管 bronchus*肺 lung*肺门 hilum of lung*支气管肺段 bronchopulmonary segment*胸腔 thoracic cavity*胸膜 pleura*纵隔 mediastinum(三)泌尿生殖系统 urogenital system*泌尿生殖系统 urogenital system*泌尿系统 urinary system*肾 kidney*肾盂 re
32、nal pelvis肾盏 renal calices肾窦 renal sinus *输尿管 ureter*膀胱 urinary bladder*膀胱三角 trigone of bladder*尿道 urethra*男性生殖器 male genital organs*睾丸 testis白膜 tunica albuginea*附睾 epididymis输精管 ductus deferens*输精管壶腹 ampulla of ductus deferens*射精管 ejaculatory duct*精索 spermatic cord睾丸鞘膜 sheath of testicle精囊 seminal
33、vesicle*前列腺 prostate*阴茎 penis阴茎头 glans of penis阴茎包皮 prepuce尿道外口 external urethral orifice*阴囊 scrotum*女性生殖器 female genital organs*卵巢 ovary*输卵管 uterine tube输卵管伞 fimbriae of uterine tube*子宫 uterus子宫峡 isthmus of uterus子宫颈 cervix of uterus子宫口 ostium of uterus子宫阔韧带 broad ligament of uterus*阴道 vagina处女膜 hy
34、men阴道穹 fornix of vagina大阴唇 labia majora阴道口 vaginal orifice阴蒂 clitoris*乳房 mamma, breast*乳腺 mammary gland*会阴 perineum*坐骨肛门窝 ischioanal fossa(四)腹膜 peritoneum*腹膜 peritoneum*腹膜腔 peritoneal cavity*壁腹膜 parietal peritoneum*脏腹膜 visceral peritoneum*网膜 omentum*大网膜 greater omentum网膜囊 omental bursa网膜孔 omental fo
35、ramen*肝胃韧带 hepatogastric ligament*肝十二指肠韧带 hepatoduodenal ligament肝镰状韧带 falciform ligament of liver肝冠状韧带 coronary ligament of liver*胃脾韧带 gastrosplenic ligament*脾肾韧带 splenorenal ligament*肠系膜 mesentery结肠系膜 mesocolon阑尾系膜 mesoappendix胃结肠韧带 gastrocolic ligament回盲襞 ileocaecal fold肝肾隐窝 hepatorenal recess*直肠
36、子宫陷凹 rectouterine pouch*膀胱子宫陷凹 vesicouterine pouch*直肠膀胱陷凹 rectovesical pouch脉管系统 vascular system*脉管系统 vascular system*脉管学 angiology心血管系 cardiovascular system*心血管系 cardiovascular system*心 heart*动脉 artery*静脉 vein*毛细血管 capillary吻合 anastomosis心底 cardiac base心尖 cardiac apex*冠状窦 coronary sinus*右心房 right a
37、trium右心耳 right auricle*右心室 right ventricle右房室口 right atrioventricular orifice*三尖瓣 tricuspid valve*左心房 left atrium左心耳 left auricle*左心室 left ventricle*二尖瓣 mitral valve肉柱 trabeculae carneae乳头肌 papillary muscles肌腱 tendinous cords卵圆窝 oval fossa*室上嵴 supraventricular crest动脉圆锥 conus arteriosus*肺动脉瓣 pulmona
38、ry valve*主动脉瓣 aortic valve心内膜 endocardium心肌层 myocardium心外膜 epicardium*房间隔 interatrial septum*室间隔 interventricular septum*窦房结 sinuatrial node*房室结 atrioventricular node*房室束 atrioventricular bundle右束支 right bundle branch左束支 left bundle branch*心包 pericardium*肺动脉干 pulmonary trunk*动脉韧带 arterial ligament*主
39、动脉 aorta*升主动脉 ascending aorta*冠状动脉 coronary arteries*主动脉弓 aortic arch头臂干 brachiocephalic trunk*颈总动脉 common carotid artery颈动脉小球 carotid glomus颈动脉窦 carotid sinus*颈外动脉 external carotid artery*甲状颈干 thyrocervical trunk*甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery舌动脉 lingual artery面动脉 facial artery*颞浅动脉 superficial tem
40、poral artery上颌动脉 maxillary artery*颈内动脉 internal carotid artery*锁骨下动脉 subclavian artery胸廓内动脉 internal thoracic artery腋动脉 axillary artery*肱动脉 brachial artery*桡动脉 radial artery尺动脉 ulnar artery掌浅弓 superficial palmar arch*降主动脉 descending aorta*胸主动脉 thoracic aorta*腹主动脉 abdominal aorta*腹腔干 coeliac trunk*胃左
41、动脉 left gastric artery*肝总动脉 common hepatic artery*脾动脉 splenic artery*肠系膜上动脉 superior mesenteric artery*肠系膜下动脉 inferior mensenteric artery*肾动脉 renal artery*睾丸动脉 testicular artery*卵巢动脉 ovarian artery*髂总动脉 common iliac artery*髂内动脉 internal iliac artery臀上动脉 superior gluteal artery臀下动脉 inferior gluteal a
42、rtery闭孔动脉 obturator artery*阴部内动脉 internal pudendal artery*子宫动脉 uterus artery*髂外动脉 external iliac artery*股动脉 femoral artery股深动脉 profunda femoris artery帼动脉 popliteal artery胫前动脉 anterior tibial artery胫后动脉 posterior tibial artery足背动脉 dorsal pedal artery肺静脉 pulmonary vein*上腔静脉 superior vena cava头臂静脉(无名静脉
43、) brachiocephalic vein, innominate vein颈内静脉 internal jugular vein翼丛 pterygoid plexus*颈外静脉 external jugular vein锁骨下静脉 subclavian vein静脉角 venous angle肱静脉 brachial vein头静脉 cephalic vein贵要静脉 basilic vein肘正中静脉 median cubital vein*奇静脉 azygos vein半奇静脉 hemiazygos vein椎静脉丛 vertebral venous plexus*下腔静脉 inferi
44、or vena cava髂总静脉 common iliac vein髂内静脉 internal iliac vein髂外静脉 external iliac vein*股静脉 femoral vein小隐静脉 small saphenous vein*大隐静脉 great saphenous vein帼静脉 popliteal vein*肝门静脉 portal vein附脐静脉 paraumbilical vein*肠系膜上静脉 superior mesenteric vein*脾静脉 splenic vein*肠系膜下静脉 inferior mensenteric vein直肠静脉丛 rect
45、al venous plexus(二)淋巴系统 lymphatic system*淋巴系统 lymphatic system毛细淋巴管 lymphatic capillary淋巴管 lymphatic vessels淋巴干 lymphatic trunks*淋巴导管 lymphatic ducts*淋巴结 lymph nodes*胸导管 thoracic duct乳糜池 cisterna chyli腰干 lumbar trunks肠干 intestinal trunk*右淋巴导管 right lymphatic duct*下颌下淋巴结 submandibular lymph nodes*颈外侧
46、淋巴结 lateral cervical lymph nodes*锁骨上淋巴结 supraclavicular lymph nodes*腋淋巴结 axillary lymph nodes*支气管肺门淋巴结 bronchopulmonary hilar lymph nodes*腰淋巴结 lumbar lymph nodes*腹腔淋巴结 coeliac lymph nodes*肠系膜淋巴结 mesenteric lymph nodes髂总淋巴结 common iliac lymph nodes髂外淋巴结 external iliac lymph nodes髂内淋巴结 internal iliac
47、lymph nodes*腹股沟淋巴结 inguinal lymph nodes*脾 spleen*胸腺 thymus感觉器 sensory organs*感觉器 sensory organs视器 visual organ*视器 visual organ*眼 eye*眼球 eyeball*巩膜 sclera*角膜 cornea脉络膜 choroid*睫状体 ciliary body*虹膜 iris*瞳孔 pupil*视网膜 retina*视神经盘 optic disc*黄斑 macula lutea虹膜角膜角(前房角) iridocorneal angle*房水 aqueouse humor*玻
48、璃体 vitreous body*晶状体 lens眼副器 accessory organs of eye*眼睑 eyelids*结膜 conjunctiva*泪腺 lacrimal gland泪点 lacrimal punctum泪小管 lacrimal ductule*泪囊 lacrimal sac鼻泪管 nasolacrimal duct*眼球外肌 ocular muscles眼动脉 ophthalmic artery(二)前庭蜗器 vestibulocochlear organ*前庭蜗器 vestibulocochlear organ*耳 ear外耳 external ear耳廓 auricle*外耳道 external acoustic meatus中耳 middle ear*鼓室 tympanic cavity*鼓膜 tympanic membrane*前庭窗 fenestra vestibuli蜗窗 fenestra cochleae听小骨 auditory ossicles*咽鼓管 auditory tube*乳突窦 mastoid antrum乳突小房 mast
