1、 有限责任公司论文：论有限责任公司股权转让之限制【中文摘要】有限责任公司,以其较低的设立门槛和相对灵活的组织结构,自被创设以来,逐渐在包括我国在内的各国发展为一种极受青睐的企业组织形式。随着投资形式的多样化和资本流动的日趋频繁,使得我国有限责任公司股权转让,尤其是协议股权转让问题大量出现。2005 年我国公司法修订之后,对有限责任公司股权转让设立专章规定,对旧公司法就此过于抽象和原则性的规定进行了诸多改进和细化。但现行公司法之规定,在逻辑性和可操作性方面仍存在一些不足。本文将以现行公司法第 72 条为基础,对股权转让基本理论进行梳理的同时,结合其他部分国家和地区协议转让之相关立法例,尝试对我国
2、现行有限责任公司股权转让中协议转让的限制规定提供一些具可操作性之建议。本文分为四部分:第一章为股权转让基本理论。首先,讨论了股权的概念,明确股权是一种不同于传统物权、债权和人身权的独立的新型民事权利。其次,明确股权转让概念,并论述有限责任公司在股权转让制度设计上面临的资合与人合、法治与自治以及公平与效率三对价值冲突,明确了一个合理而愿意被人们遵守的股权转让制度,须在各项价值之间取得最大平衡。第二章阐述股权内部转让规范。首先,列举部分主要国家和地区有关股权内部转让限制的立法例。其次,评析了我国就股权内部转让从绝对自由模式到章程自治模式的立法选择,论证我国现阶段仍有必要通过立法设置任意性规范,以对
3、公司章程有关规定的设立进行一定引导。进而从保护公司“人合性” 、股东期待权以及股东平等原则角度,阐述股权内部转让限制的必要性,对我国有限责任公司股权内部转让限制提出相应立法建议。最后,探讨了我国对股权内部转让导致的一人公司问题应有的立法态度。第三章讨论了股权外部转让。其中重点讨论股权外部转让的同意制度和股东优先购买权制度。首先,列举部分主要国家和地区立法例。其次,以学界争议集中的同意主体、表决规则、推定同意制度的适用以及转让同意制度之救济为切入点,就现有股权转让同意制度展开讨论,并提出相应立法建议。最后,阐述了股东优先购买权的概念、性质、理论基础,并从行使主体、 “同等条件”的确定、部分行使优
4、先购买权以及行使期限等方面讨论了优先购买权的行使问题。第四章有限责任公司股权转让限制制度设计之建议分别从有限责任公司股权内部转让和外部转让角度综合阐述了本文对我国股权转让制度的若干立法建议。【英文摘要】Limited liability Company, with its relatively low threshold of the establishment and comparatively flexible organizational structure, is gradually developing into an extremely popular form of busine
5、ss organization in various countries including China. Meanwhile, along with the diversification of the investment forms and increasingly frequent capital flows, a large number of problems associated with the share transfer especially treaty share transfer in limited liability company appear. After t
6、he amendment of the Chinas Corporation Law in 2005, the establishment of the share transfer of the Limited Liability Company is formulated in the special chapter. Too abstract contents are removed and the provision of principles is greatly improved. However, there are still some shortcomings with re
7、spect to the logicality and operability in existing provisions of the Corporation Law. Based on the Article 72 of the Corporation Law and fundamental theories of the share transfer, also combined with related legislations of the share transfer in other countries and regions, the paper provides with
8、some practical suggestions regarding the limitation provisions of treaty transfer inherited in the share transfer of existing limited liability companies.This paper is divided into four parts:In the first chapter, the basic theory of the share transfer is discussed. Firstly, it demonstrates the conc
9、ept of the equity stake, makes it clear and definite that the equity stake is a new kind of independent civil right other than the traditional property right obligatory right and personal right. Then, the concept of the share transfer is clarified; three pairs of the value conflict between the integ
10、ration of capitals and persons, the rule of law and autonomy as well as fairness and efficiency faced by the Limited Liability Company with the design of the share transfer system are explained; the maximal balance should be achieved between diverse values on the basis of reasonable share transfer s
11、ystem which is generally accepted.The chapter two illustrates the standard norm of the internal share transfer. First of all, the legislative examples concerning the limitation of share transfer in some other countries and regions are listed. Secondly, the legislative choices of the mode from absolu
12、te freedom to regulatory autonomy of our internal share transfer are analyzed. The paper proves that nowadays, it is still necessary to specify the optional nature by legislation and to some degree, instruct the stipulation of the corporate rules. Furthermore, the necessity of the limitation of inte
13、rnal share transfer is proposed from the point of view that the corporate integration of persons, expectant right and fairness of shareholders are expected to be protected. Finally, it investigates the legislative attitude to“one-person limited liability company”caused by the internal transfer of sh
14、ares.In Chapter III it elaborates on the external share transfer placing the emphasis on the agreement system and the preemption of the shareholder. Chapter three discusses the external share transfer. We focus on the consent right of external share transfer and the preemption of shareholders. First
15、, it cites legislations in other countries and regions. Second, the subject, the voting rules, constructive assent and the relief system of transfer agreement are discussed and the paper makes appropriate legislative proposals. We deal with existing consent right of the share transfer and provide co
16、rresponding legislative suggestions centered upon the point that is heated discussed in the academic area: the consent body, voting rules, the appropriateness of the consent system and the relief of transfer consent system. Finally it explains the concept, its properties, the theory, the subject, th
17、e determination of “equal conditions” and partly exercises of preemption of shareholders.Chapter IV are some suggestions about restrictions on share transfer of Limited liability Company. The paper comprehensively makes a number of legislative proposals on our share transfer system from the viewpoin
18、t of internal and external share transfer, respectively.【关键词】有限责任公司 股权转让 股权转让限制 同意权 优先购买权【备注】索购全文在线加好友 ：1-3-9-9.38-8-4-8同时提供论文发表委托和一对一论文写作指导服务。【英文关键词】Limited Liability Company Share Transfer Restriction of share transfer Right of consent Preemption【目录】论有限责任公司股权转让之限制 摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-8 引言 11-13 第一章
19、有限责任公司股权转让基本理论 13-20 第一节 股权的概念与性质 13-16 一、所有权说 13-14 二、债权说 14 三、社员权说 14-15 四、独立权利说 15-16 第二节 股权转让的概念界定与价值冲突 16-20 一、股权转让的概念与分类 16 二、股权转让制度设计的价值冲突 16-20 第二章 股权的内部转让 20-27 第一节 股权内部转让之他国立法例 20-22 一、绝对自由模式 20 二、章程自治模式 20-22 三、法律限制模式 22 第二节 股权内部转让之我国立法选择 22-27 一、我国现行股权内部转让模式评析及完善建议 22-25 二、股权内部转让导致的一人公司问
20、题 25-27 第三章 股权的外部转让 27-52 第一节 股权外部转让之立法例 27-29 一、仅规定同意权 27 二、仅规定优先购买权 27-28 三、同时规定同意权与优先购买权 28 四、授权章程或股东协议进行规定 28-29 第二节 股权转让同意制度 29-38 一、股权转让同意制度的模式选择 29-35 二、转让同意制度之救济 35-38 第三节 有限责任公司股权转让中的股东优先购买权制度 38-52 一、股东优先购买权的基础理论 38-43 二、股东优先购买权制度的立法例 43-44 三、股东优先购买权的行使 44-52 第四章 有限责任公司股权转让限制制度设计之建议 52-55 一、股权内部转让制度之完善 52-53 二、股权外部转让制度之完善 53-55 结论 55-56 参考文献 56-58
