1、Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been gi
2、ven support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, w
3、ater, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution,
4、 “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than
5、2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing t
6、imber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “
7、bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral
8、resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary Riv
9、er Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of
10、three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivost
11、ok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Orienta
12、l Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi数控机床的发展趋势及国内发展现状摘要：本文简要分析了数控机床高速化、高精度化、复合化、智能化、开放化、网络化、多轴化、绿色化等发展趋势，并提出了我国数控机床发展中存在的一些问题。 关键词：数控机床 趋势 问题1引言 从 20 世纪中叶数控技术出现以来，数控机床给机械制造业带来了革命性的变化。数控加工具有如下特点：加工柔性好，加工精度高，生产率高，减轻操作者劳动强度、改善劳动条件，有利于生产管理的现代化以及经济效益的
13、提高。数控机床是一种高度机电一体化的产品，适用于加工多品种小批量零件、结构较复杂、精度要求较高的零件、需要频繁改型的零件、价格昂贵不允许报废的关键零件、要求精密复制的零件、需要缩短生产周期的急需零件以及要求100%检验的零件。数控机床的特点及其应用范围使其成为国民经济和国防建设发展的重要装备。 进入 21 世纪，我国经济与国际全面接轨，进入了一个蓬勃发展的新时期。机床制造业既面临着机械制造业需求水平提升而引发的制造装备发展的良机，也遭遇到加入世界贸易组织后激烈的国际市场竞争的压力，加速推进数控机床的发展是解决机床制造业持续发展的一个关键。随着制造业对数控机床的大量需求以及计算机技术和现代设计技
14、术的飞速进步，数控机床的应用范围还在不断扩大，并且不断发展以更适应生产加工的需要。本文简要分析了数控机床Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a w
15、arm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the super
16、ior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national le
17、vel, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 m
18、illion acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious
19、wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar
20、 plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water s
21、pecialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between Chi
22、na and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding
23、 to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European c
24、ountries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli Ri
25、ver, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi高速化、高精度化、复合化、智能化、开放化、网络化、多轴化、绿色化等发展趋势，并提出了我国数控机床发展中存在的一些问题。2数控机床的发展趋势 2.1 高速化 随着汽车、国防、航空、航天等工业的高速发展以及铝合金等新材料的应用，对数控机床加工的高速化要求越来越高。 （1）主轴转速：机床采用电主轴（内装式主轴电机） ，
26、主轴最高转速达 200000r/min； （2）进给率：在分辨率为 0.01m时，最大进给率达到240m/min 且可获得复杂型面的精确加工； （3）运算速度：微处理器的迅速发展为数控系统向高速、高精度方向发展提供了保障，开发出 CPU 已发展到 32 位以及 64 位的数控系统，频率提高到几百兆赫、上千兆赫。由于运算速度的极大提高，使得当分辨率为 0.1m、0.01m 时仍能获得高达 24240m/min的进给速度； （4）换刀速度：目前国外先进加工中心的刀具交换时间普遍已在 1s 左右，高的已达 0.5s。德国 Chiron 公司将刀库设计成篮子样式，以主轴为轴心，刀具在圆周布置，其刀到刀
27、的换刀时间仅 0.9s。 2.2 高精度化 数控机床精度的要求现在已经不局限于静态的几何精度，机床的运动精度、热变形以及对振动的监测和补偿越来越获得重视。 Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee
28、and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities,
29、omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air
30、quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arabl
31、e land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of fore
32、st land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 ton
33、s of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent fiv
34、e Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built
35、 on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km
36、from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the
37、CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russ
38、ian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi（1）提高 CNC 系统控制精度：采用高速插补技术，以微小程序段实现连续进给，使 CNC 控制单位精细化，并采用高分辨率位置检测装置，提高位置检测精度（日本已开发装有 106 脉冲/转的内藏位置检测器的交流伺服电机，其位置检测精度可达到 0.01m/脉冲） ，位
39、置伺服系统采用前馈控制与非线性控制等方法； （2）采用误差补偿技术：采用反向间隙补偿、丝杆螺距误差补偿和刀具误差补偿等技术，对设备的热变形误差和空间误差进行综合补偿。研究结果表明，综合误差补偿技术的应用可将加工误差减少 60%80%； （3）采用网格解码器检查和提高加工中心的运动轨迹精度，并通过仿真预测机床的加工精度，以保证机床的定位精度和重复定位精度，使其性能长期稳定，能够在不同运行条件下完成多种加工任务，并保证零件的加工质量。 2.3 功能复合化 复合机床的含义是指在一台机床上实现或尽可能完成从毛坯至成品的多种要素加工。根据其结构特点可分为工艺复合型和工序复合型两类。工艺复合型机床如镗铣钻
40、复合加工中心、车铣复合车削中心、铣镗钻车复合复合加工中心等；工序复合型机床如多面多轴联动加工的复合机床和双主轴车削中心等。采用复合机床进行加工，减少了工件装卸、更换和调整刀具的辅助时间以及中间过程中产生的误差，提高了零件加工精度，缩短了产品制造周期，提高了生产效率和制造商的市场反应能力，相对于传统的工序分散Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economi
41、c development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! belo
42、w, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the to
43、tal area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enri
44、chment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, devel
45、oping animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs
46、, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres,
47、should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km
48、 long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesoza
49、vodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four
