1、七个步骤教你如何自学口译口译难吗？说难，也不难。难也许是因为你觉得要灵活掌握一门外语，更能随时进行母语与目标语的转换，这个要求有点高；不难则是因为这一切都是有方法可循，只要你有决心去做有目的的训练，不愁达不到一定水平。1.听力为上、听力优先，听力听力听力还是听力！听力练好，同时你的专注力、你的“定力”也就获得了大提升。别抱怨说自己的注意力很难集中或者缺乏这方面的能力，在做练习的时候可能会有跑神的情况，但你一旦真正上场真枪实弹去翻译，你的注意力就会自动高度集中起来，根本不用你操心，如果这时还有跑神的情况，说明你对内容的准备不够充分，导致信心不足，和你的注意力集中能力无关，所以，还是要平时多多练习
2、高要求的听力才是。把坐车、开车变成 mobile classroom，听各种优秀的原版有声读物，要逼迫自己有意识地用“听”来越来越多地获取信息。2. Verbalization为使得自己的口腔肌肉习惯讲出流利的、发音复杂的单词、结构复杂的英语句子，一定要经常地、反复地放声（靠说话吃饭的人，为保护嗓子，请不要用最大声）朗读英语正式发言稿，模拟英语演讲，把自己的情感融入到模拟过程中，每朗读一句英语，一定要同时强迫思考并感受这句话的完整、准确的意思，假想自己就是英语母语者！熟练后，再半脱离讲稿，设想自己正面对众多的听众，目光要时常接触、扫视听众。3. Shadow reading 影子跟读影子跟读，
3、跟随原语复述，同时感受每一句话的意思，在脑子中“看到”话语所表达的图像。4. 把教材中精彩的、你觉得对自己很实用的部分进行口头慢速、快速、正常速的交叉对译。第一步可参看书，然后逐渐脱离书面答案，凭自己的记忆再加上一些自己的穿插语，把中英文句子如同正常说话般演绎出来。不要求 100%的正确或与书本上的一致，但一定要把关键的词语和表达法正确还原出来。5. 译译译译！见什么，译什么，随时随地地在心中译出来，听到中文，看到中文，习惯性地想英语怎么说，不会说的，如果觉得真的比较重要、比较有趣的，说不定哪天在自己的工作中会用到的，或者几乎就没有几个人会知道的，就纪录下来，过后去查词典；听到英语，就把它在脑
4、子快速转成字幕，但要用大约 30%听英语的时间，去强迫自己不准还原成清晰的“脑中字幕”，用自己的心神去感悟英语的意思，听其语调、语气传递的背后含义，设想自己就是从小在美国长大的，逼迫自己“移植”进来一种母语的语感。6. 随时拿你自己对英语的感觉和对汉语的感觉进行对比。你对汉语有什么样的感觉，就要求自己的英语也要接近类似的感觉，比如，你读中文小说的时候不会老想着你是在读中文，所以，也要求自己在读英语的时候，让你的“外语感”逐渐消失，听多了英语后，如果听了一些故事或新闻，要一时想不起来是用的英语还是用汉语听的了，这种“混淆”是语感提升的好兆头，多多益善。7.从影视中学习大量优秀中英文的对译。这点尤
5、其对口语型的对译非常有效，同时能很好帮助理解中英文语言的内涵：他很厚黑啊！He is very political。他跟她有一腿。He has affair with her。你和他简直有一拼!You remind me of him!我是姜太公钓鱼，你是愿者上钩。I only set the stage, you pulled your own strings.以眼还眼以牙还牙。Tit for tat.我是进退维谷，两面为难，老鼠进风箱，两头受气。Im between hard place and rock!人在屋檐下不得不低头。You live under my roof; youll h
6、ave to follow my rules.In this clip, we will talk about ways to say I love you. So, you know, for some people its really easy to just verbally say it. For other people its not so much. So, if you are one of those people that its hard to say it. If you can say it, its going to mean so much more. But
7、if you are the kind the people that you know, cannt say that all the time, go out your way and find really very interesting ways to say it. Of course, sending flowers is still very receptive that a lot of girls really love that. But you know, think outside the box, your actions that show love are mu
8、ch more valuable to the other person than just your words. So, you know, show them, if there is something that they really like, and they really been wanting to do, try to make that happen for them. If they have something they have interested in, you know, or they mention casually or they like to se
9、e that play, get them tickets. Really try to make them happy, and that will really show your love most.ClipverballyAn Important Aspect of College Life It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it. In such a way that
10、 a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them, and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how
11、important, how closely associated with all modern achievement only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things. Recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with s
12、cholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is “practical“ and connected with the world. Men are not alway
13、s made thoughtful by books, but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948),3 is a physicist and currently the 12th United States Secretary of Energy. As a scientist, Chu is known for his research in cooling and trapping of atoms with lase
14、r light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997.3 At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research
15、 was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level.1 He is a vocal advocate for more research into alternative energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combat global warmingMadam President Faust, members of the Harv
16、ard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, todays graduates,Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire noveli
17、st, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd.I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that mean
18、s more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I ca
19、lled her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “Thats nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.Faustmega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd philanthropistn.慈善家honorarypodiumM.D./Ph.
20、D MITBerkeley Mary Poppins Bell Lab尊敬的 Faust 校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学， 感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。 我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是，英国亿万身家的小说家 J.K. Rowling 女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑天才。今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我是一个高手。 我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许
21、比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的异类。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说：“这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我？”如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。So my address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just pres
22、ented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice. First, every t
23、ime you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the a
24、bility to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, theres an alumni ass
25、ociation to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, dont bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybo
26、dy gets 90 percent of the credit.毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少有价值，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的：“对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从整体看，自学能力是优秀的文科教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许
27、多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，不要把荣誉留给自己。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的 90%。My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you dont have a passion, dont be satisfie
28、d until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During
29、 that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that
30、 pride wont be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university. Bell Labs
31、, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and I wanted to give birth to my own set of scientific children.我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，所以不能空手走过
32、，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了 8 年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了 9 年。在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。 我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。物质生活和你实现的占有欲，都不会产生自豪。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。 在贝尔实验室待了 9 年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的“真实世界”大学。我对贝
33、尔实验室的看法，可以引用 Mary Poppins的话，“实际上十全十美”。但是，我想离开那种仅仅是科学论文的生活。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。 Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced o
34、f the importance of education, modern states invest in institutions of learning to get back interest in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks - those purchasab
35、le wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births - but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on facts and figures and more on a good memory,
36、on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of college imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is t
37、aught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the equal start which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruct
38、ion is binding to all. There are no illiterates - if the term can be applied to peoples without a script - while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of civilized nations. This shows how l
39、ong it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the happy few during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our
40、society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no juvenile delinquency. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no
41、 father is confronted with his inability to buy an education for his child.JULIUS E. LIPS The Origin of ThingsNew words and expressions 生词和短语adverseadj. purchasableadj.可买到的preachern. 传教士defendantn. 被告outlookn. 视野capacityn. 能力democraticadj. 民主的tribaln. 部落的triben. 部落illiteraten. 文盲compulsoryadj. 义务的de
42、emv. 认为meansn. 方法，手段，财产，资力hamperv. 妨碍savannahn. 大草原juvenileadj. 青少年delinquencyn. 犯罪参考译文教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人，是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了 20 世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的利息便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。教育，以其教学周期如此精心地安排，并以教科书 - 那些可以买到的智慧源泉 - 予以强化，如果不受其惠，文明将会是个什么样子呢？至少，这些是可以肯定的：虽然我们还会有医生和牧师、律师和被
43、告、婚姻和生育，但人们的精神面貌将是另一个样子。人们不会重视资料和数据，而靠好记性、实用心理学与同伴相处的能力。如果我们的教育制度仿效没有书籍的古代教育，我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。在部落中，通过传统继承的知识为所有人共享，并传授给部落中的每一个成员。从这个意义上讲，人人受到的有关生活本领的教育是相等的。这就是我们最进步的现代教育试图恢复的“平等起步”的理想状况。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。因而没有“文盲”（如果这个字眼儿可以用于没有文字的民族的话）。而我们的义务教育成为法律在德国是在 1642 年，在法国是在 1806 年，在英国是在 1876
44、年。今天，在许多“文明”国家里，义务教育迄今尚未实行。这说明，经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识到，有必要确保我们的孩子享有多少个世纪以来由少数幸运者所积累起来的知识。荒凉地区的教育不是钱的问题，所有的人都享有平等起步的权利。那里没有我们今天社会中的匆忙生活，而匆忙的生活常常妨碍个性的全面发展。荒凉地区的孩子无时无刻不在父母关怀下成长。因此，丛林和荒凉地区不知道什么叫“青少年犯罪”。人们没有必要离家谋生，所以不会产生孩子无人管的问题，也不存在父亲无力为孩子支付教育费用而犯难的问题。It is commonly believed in United States that school is
45、where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows
46、no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people d
47、ebating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in educat
48、ion from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern
49、varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth a
