1、-情态动词may/might 表示允许和可能:允许: 询问或说明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question?You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might as well speak your mind. (比 may显得婉转一些)可能: 表示一件事或许发生(或是某种情况可能会存在).You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they migh
2、t not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.might 表示请求:Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比 May I 更客气一些)cant, couldnt 表示否定的推测:She cant be serious.A more suitable book cant be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)He couldnt (cant) be over fifty.should,
3、 ought to: 表示应该做的事, ought to 比 should 口气稍重一些.You should (ought to) do as he says.You shouldnt (oughtnt to) talk like that.但这两者间也有一些差别, 在表示责任, 义务等该做的事情时, 常用 ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做时, 多用 should, 在下面的句子中这两个词就不宜换用:You are his father. You ought to take care of him.We should not use too many big words in our
4、everyday speech.will, wouldshall, should 表示意愿情态动词后接进行式, 完成式和完成进行式:情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语, 表示”应该正在”, “想必正在”这类意思:Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?This isnt what I ought to be doing.She might still be thinking about the question you raised.They must (may) be waiting for us, lets hurry up.They can
5、t be using the room now.情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示”应当已经”, “想必已经”这类意思:I should have thought of that.They shouldnt have left so soon.She must have arrived by now.You neednt have told them that.Where can (could) he have gone?He cant have finished the work so soon.He may not have achieved all his aims. But
6、his effort is praise-worthy.We ought to have give you more help.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式构成谓语,表示”应当一直在”, “想必一直在”这类意思:They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.They may have been discussing the problem this morning.You should have been waiting for us. Why havent you?She couldnt
7、 have been swimming all day.全部倒装大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中； 总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装 全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。 另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。全部倒装的情况： 1. The bus is coming here. Here comes the bus. 进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。 2. Students wen
8、t away. Away went students. 3. The boy rushed out. Out rushed the boy. here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。 Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 The old man lives in the city center. In the cit
9、y center lives the old man. A temple stands on the mountain . On the mountain stands a temple. 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把 be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 18. On the floor lies a boy aged about 18. Sitted on the ground are a group of yound people.eg. 访
10、问北京的是 300 名日本青年。/ 300 名日本青年正在访问北京。 300 Japanese young people are visiting Beijing. Visiting Beijing are 300 Japanese young people.全部倒装的情况： 当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等时通常用全部倒装。 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把 be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 主要出现在阅读当中，在翻译当中考到全部倒装的可能性比较小。部分
11、倒装：部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 这类词语有 hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few,little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way,on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only 等。 eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。 Nev
12、er does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay forit. 这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。 eg. 在任何情况下我都不会相信你。Under no circumstance do I trust you.2、当句首为 only 加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 eg. Only with you can I feel happy. eg. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。 Only when you come, can we sta
13、rt themeeting.3、sothat 结构中的 so 位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 eg. He runs so fast that I cant catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。 So fast does he run that I cant catch up with him. eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。 So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as
14、 by day.4、句子开头的 as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。 eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。 Young as I am, I can live by myself. eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the hole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。Girl as she is, she can support the hole family. eg. Although I like music
15、very much, Much as I like music,.5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 hardly.when 一就. scarcely .when. hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。 eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。 eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。 no soonerthan. 一就 no sooner 后面一定要
16、用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。 eg. No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily. 他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。 the more the more. 越越 eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装：当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为 go，come 等时通常用全部倒装。 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过
17、去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首， 把 be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。部分倒装：1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 。2、当句首为 only 加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。3、sothat 结构中的 so 位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 。4、句子开头的 as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 hardly.when； scarcely .when. ；no soonerthan.： hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时；th
18、e more the more. 越越 ；实例练习（1）：1.直到他完成使命（Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission）did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06)2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不应该对法庭撒谎。 （07.12）3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感觉
19、安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6)4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收费过高, but he didnt do a good repair job either. (06.6)5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意识到他是无辜的。6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到达运动场。
