1、Charles Dickens (18121870),(18121870),Charles Dickens (1812-1870),1. Life and Career Charles was born at Portsmouth, the son of an unpractical and improvident government navy clerk. Charles was exceptionally bright and articulate. The boy had a little primary education. At the age of 12, young Charl
2、es had to work at a shoe-blacking factory.,Those lonely, hungry days in his childhood inflicted so early in life upon such a sensitive boy had left an ineradicable bitter remembrance in the remainder of his life. To this experience, may evidently be traced no small part of the intense sympathy with
3、the oppressed poor, especially with helpless children, which is so prominent in his novel.,Dickenss birthplace at No.1 Mile End Terrace, Landport, a district on the outskirts of Portsmouth.,John Dickens (1785/6-1851) and Elizabeth Dickens (1789-1863), Charles Dickenss parents.,Group portrait of Char
4、les Dickens, his wife, Catherine (center), and her younger sister Georgina, engraved by Edward Stodart after the 1843 pencil drawing by Daniel Maclise.,Later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. He married and published his first work Sketches by Boz, in 1836. He was the editor of seve
5、ral newspapers and magazines. He traveled to America twice and widely on the Continent. He gave public readings from his works, an effort which drew heavily on his vitality.,2. Points of View A spokesmen of the poor people It is his serious intention to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustic
6、e, hypocrisy and corruptness. He hates the state apparatus, especially the Parliament, and yet he is convinced that the state should intervene to control the rapacity of landlords and capitalists and to raise the living standards of the working class.,He is interested in social reform. He is certain
7、 that reform should work in the direction of reducing aristocratic privilege. He wants improvement in the life of the poor, but is afraid of a real revolution. A humanitarian who pours all his love and sympathy for the poor, weak, innocent, injured and neglected good people,3. Special Features A mas
8、ter story-teller Characterization both types and individuals mostly larger than life best at child character portrayal horrible and grotesque figures and the broadly humorous or comical characters.,Writing from a childs point of view Humor and pathos Dickens is a great humorist. He believes that lif
9、e is itself a mixture of joy and grief. He gives readers bright merriments and dark gloom at the same time, mingling tears and laughter as in real life.,4. Major Works The Pickwick Papers Oliver Twist David Copperfield Bleak House A Tale of Two Cities Great Expectations,作品年表,博兹札记（ Sketches by Boz ）
10、1836年 匹克威克外传（ The Pickwick Papers ） 1836年 雾都孤儿（ Oliver Twist ） 1837年-1839年 尼古拉斯尼克贝（ Nicholas Nickleby ） 1838年-1839年 老古玩店（ The Old Curiocity Shop ） 1840年-1841年 巴纳比拉奇（ Barnaby Rudge ） 1841年 美国纪行（ American Notes ） 1842年 圣诞颂歌（ A Christmas Carol ） 1843年 马丁翟述伟（ Martin Chuzzlewit ） 1843年-1844年 董贝父子（ Dombey
11、 and Son ） 1846年-1848年 大卫科波菲尔（ David Copperfield ） 1849年-1850年 写给孩子看的英国历史（ A Childs History of England ）1851年-1853年 荒凉山庄（ Bleak House ） 1852年-1853年 艰难时世（ Hard Times ） 1854年 小杜丽（ Little Dorrit ） 1855年-1857年 双城记 （ A Tale of Two Cities ） 1859年 远大前程（ Great Expectations ） 1860年-1861年 我们共同的朋友（ Our Mutual
12、Friend ） 1864年-1865年 艾德温德鲁德之谜（ The Mystery of Edwin Drood ） 未完成，1870年,Major Works,18361841, youthful optimism 1) Sketches by Boz 特写集, the first book 2) The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传,Major Works,3. Oliver Twist 奥克佛特维斯特，雾都孤儿 4. Nichols Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克尔贝 5. The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 6. Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比
13、拉奇 The first novel of social history,Major Works,The second period of excitement and irritation 1) American Notes 2) Martin Chuzzlewit,3. A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 4. The Chimes教堂钟声 5. The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀以圣诞为题材具有浓郁宗教色彩。),Major Works,4. Dombey and Son5. David Copperfield,Major Works,The third p
14、eriod of showing intensifying (increasing) pessimism 1) Bleak House 荒凉山庄 2) Hard Times 艰难时世 3) Little Dorrit 小杜丽 4) A Tale of Two Cities 双城记,Major Works,5) Great Expectations ; 6) Our Mutual Friend 7) Edwin Drood (unfinished),A note on serial publication, which Dickens exploited so brilliantly throu
15、ghout his career, beginning with The Pickwick Papers (No. 4, published in July 1836).,A fragment of Dickenss original manuscript of The Pickwick Papers, coming from chapter 28, the famous “Good-humoured Christmas Chapter“ set at Dingley Dell, which was first published in December 1836,“Oliver amazed
16、 at the Dodgers mode of going to work,“ George Cruikshanks original pen-and-ink and watercolor sketch illustrating a scene in chapter 10 of Oliver Twist.,“Chapter the Tenth: Oliver becomes better acquainted with the characters of his new associates, and purchases experience at a high price,“ Dickens
17、s autograph manuscript of the beginning of chapter 10 of Oliver Twist, the first of his works to be published under his own name.,“Waiting at the Grave,“ an original pen-and-ink and watercolor drawing by George Cattermole, after his wood engraving for Dickenss The Old Curiosity Shop.,a gallery of ar
18、tifacts relating to Dombey and Son, including, as shown here, the fifth intallment of its serial run, which closes with the death of Little Paul Dombey.,“The friendly waiter and I,“ an original drawing by “Phiz“ (Hablot K. Browne), illustrating a scene in chapter 5 of David Copperfield.,a gallery of
19、 artifacts relating to Bleak House, including the engraved title page of the first book edition of the novel.,a gallery of artifacts relating to Little Dorrit, including the wrapper of the final installment of the novel, shown here, a double number published in June 1857.,The last of the six install
20、ments completed by Dickens of The Mystery of Edwin Drood, published by Chapman and Hall in September 1870. The illustrated wrapper was designed by Dickenss son-in-law Charles Collins, who was to have done the plates as well (when his health gave out, he was replaced by the young Luke Fildes).,An ori
21、ginal pen-and-ink drawing by F.A. Fraser of the final scene of Great Expectations, in which Pip and Estella, after a separation of many years, meet again on the desolate property where Miss Havishams house once stood.,5. Great Expectations Story Pip, Joe Gargery Miss Havisham Estella Magwitch Biddy,
22、Themes A novel about “great expectations“, or dreams and disillusions The personal development of Pip from a innocent, honest boy to a vain, selfish, snobbish young gentleman. The painful experience in the struggle to grow up, to “climb up” or to succeed in the commercialized world.,Ambition and sel
23、f-improvement Crime, Guilt, and Innocence Three stages of human development Innocence experience and higher stage of innocence,Symbols Satis House The Mists on the Marshes Miss Havisham,Characteristics of Dickens Novels,Charles Dickens created twenty novels during his life. His novels offered us a p
24、rofound complete realistic picture of the English society of mid-19th century.,Charles Dickens,纵观狄更斯的文学创作历程，随着他的艺术的逐渐成熟，他的小说风格逐渐发生变化。在匹克威克外传和尼古拉斯尼克尔贝 (18381839)等早期作品中，他主要讲述有关主人公奇遇的一些滑稽故事。而在他后期的作品中，狄更斯则倾向探讨重大的社会问题，作品集叙述、人物心理描写以及丰富的象征于一体。他的著名作品包括荒凉山庄(18521853)，小杜丽(18551857)，远大前程 (18601861)和我们共同的朋友(186
25、41865)。 19世纪和20世纪初的读者十分欣赏狄更斯早期作品中所体现的幽默与感伤。但今天的评论家却更欣赏他后期的作品，因为这些作品形式结构更加紧凑，对人性的把握更加敏锐。 除了上面提到的作品，狄更斯的主要作品还有：奥立佛退斯特(18371839)，老古玩店(18401841)，巴纳比拉奇(1841)，马丁朱述尔维特(18431844)，董贝父子(18461848)，艰难时世(1854)，双城记 (1859)和艾德温德鲁德的秘密(1870，未完成)。 从19世纪60年代起，狄更斯的健康状况开始恶化，1870年6月9日，狄更斯因中风而去世，5天以后被葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂的名人墓地。 虽然艾德温德鲁德的秘密这部作品未能最后完成，但是狄更斯在有生之年创作的16部完整的小说以及大量的短篇，给我们留下了丰富的文学遗产。 他指出了社会问题的关键是由于人们对金钱的盲目追求和极度贪婪，从而忽视了社会的其他层面，进而导致了各种邪恶以及人际间的不平等；同时，他还提出了解决这些社会问题的办法。 透过狄更斯的作品，我们可以了解到，尽管社会冷酷无情，他仍具备一颗仁爱的心。尽管狄更斯的作品时而表现出深刻的洞察力，时而又陷入离奇怪诞描述，但其基调总是乐观向上的，并教育着一代又一代的读者，使其明白做人的真正道理。,Thank You！,
