1、1全国高职高专英语写作大赛考生与教师参考样书英语应用文概述:英语应用文在交流情感、增进友谊、开展商业活动、促进文化交流等方面，都起着积极且重要的作用。根据英语应用文在不同环境下的不同功能机器不同格式，我们将其分为 3大类：书信（letter） 、表格（ forms）和其他（others） 。其中，书信是英语应用文的主要组成部分，又可分为 2 类：社交书信（social letters）和商务书信（bussines letters ）.目录第一部分 书信篇一、 社交书信（social letters）1、感谢信（letter of thanks）2、求职信（letter of applicati
2、on for a position）3、道歉信（letter of apology）4、推荐信（lette of recommendation）5、辞职信（letter of resignation ）6、祝贺信（letter of congratulation ）7、预定信（letter of reservation）8、邀请信及回复（letter of invitation on the other hand, B. 11. The most striking difference is that A, while B. （2 ）原因分析性段落常用的句型和表达方式 1 There are
3、several reasons for, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 2 There are many factors that may account for, but the following are the most typical ones. 3 Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 4 Generally, the advantages can be li
4、sted as follows. 5 The reasons are as follows. （3 ）、因果推理性段落常用句型和表达方式 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a
5、lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a 17lot. 5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much. 6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much. 7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much cau
6、ses/results in/leads to overweight. （4 ）、 举例型段落常用句型和表达方式 1. Here is one more example. 2. Take for example. 3. The same is true of. 4. This offers a typical instance of. 5. We may quote a common example of. 6. Just think of.三、 常用于结尾段的句型的 3 类表达方式 （1 ）、 对全文 进行归纳总结的句型 1 From what has been discussed abov
7、e, we may safely draw the conclusion that. 2 Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that. 3 Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that. 4 All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that 5 From what is mentioned above,
8、 we may come to the conclusion that 6 To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that. 7 In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is. 8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that. 9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conc
9、lusion that. 10. It is believed that.（2 ）、表 达个 人观点的句型 1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. 2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy. 3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that. 4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I
10、 think the disadvantages of outweigh its advantages. 5. In my opinion/view, we should. 6. As for me, I. 7. As I see it, . 8. From my point of view, . 9. Personally, I think. 10. My view is that. 11. I think/consider. 12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of.18四、 英文写作中常用过渡词 和句型过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学
11、会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子(1)To begin with首先例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。“(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。“(3)First of all第一，首先例：First of all, many people
12、in remote areas still live in poverty.“第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。“(4)With (the development/progress/growth)of(economy/society).随着(经济、社会) 的(发展、进步、增长).例：With the development of society, womens role has become more important than ever before in daily life.“随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。“(5)Recently近来例：Rec
13、ently，the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.“近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。 “2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子(1)In conclusion最后，在结束时例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.“最后，应达 成国际协定使世界避免战争 。“(2)In brief 简言之例：In brief, family plannin
14、g is of vital importance in China.“简言之，计划生育对中国具有重要意义。“(3)In a word 总之例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.“总之，没有相互理解，真正的友谊是不存在的。“(4)It is high time that.到.时候了例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.“为了促进经济发展到该解
15、决问题的时候了。“(5)It is only when.that.只有当.才.例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.“只有当人民成为国家的主人，科学才能为人民服务。“3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子(1)first, second, third.第一，第二，第三例：First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years. Second, she never
16、missed a class. Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses. Fourth, she always worked hard. Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.“首先，她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次，她从不19误课。再有，她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有，她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们确信她在
17、高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。“(2)To begin with.,moreover.,finally.，首先.，此外.，最后.例：There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law. To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities. Moreover, his father is a lawyer. He has always enc
18、ouraged him to do something similar. Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.“他决定学法律有几方面的原因：首先，他对社会事物感兴趣，学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外，他父亲是个律师，一直鼓励他从事同样的职业。最后，他确信毕业后能找到工作。“(3)Meanwhile同时例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.“同时，孩
19、子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好，今后的机会就越多。“(4)since then自此之后例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.“自此之后，奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。“(5)Therefore因而例：Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensur
20、ed a bright future.“因而，如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点，他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。“4.常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子(1)As a result由于. 结果例：Her performance in college was excellent. As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.“由于她在大学成绩优异，她找到一份令人满意的工作。“(2)Due to由于例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due t
21、o the financial problem.“由于 财务问题，我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。“(3)consequently 结果，因此例：The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.“该国 政府不愿冒险与邻国发生冲突，因此答应签署条约。“(4)One may criticizefor，but the real cause of.lies deeper人们可以因为.批评.，但是 .的真正原
22、因在更深层次例：One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.“人们可以就火灾事故批评校领导，但事故还有更深的原因。“(5)Among.reasons, one should be emphasized that.在众多的原因中，其中一点给予强调.例：Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces o
23、f cultivated land have been occupied, which results in the grain shortage.“在许多重要的原因中，其中一点应强调的是造成粮食减产是因为大量的可耕地被占用。“5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词20(1)unlike.与.不同例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.“与口头英语不同，笔头英语比较正规。“(2)In contrast.与之相比例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.“与汤
24、姆比，玛里奥很少努力学习。“(3)On the other hand.另一方面例：The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years. On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.“发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的 30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由 20%下降到 10%。“(4)Likewise同样
25、例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.“要带上旅行中吃的食品，同 样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。“(5)similarly同 样例：If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English; similarly, as to the audience, they are only i
26、nterested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.“只要能使听众听明白，在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的，同样作为听众也只对讲话者的意思感兴趣，根本不介意或几乎注意不到讲话者所犯的口语错误。Direction：(1)Look at the following chart about students favorite color and then describe the phenomenon of students different choice
27、s and express your views .in this part , you should be able to write more than 350 words.(2)According to the following pie chart ,write an essay bases on the theme of“how often do you go to convenience stores ”.and the number of words you used should be no less than 350 21words.(3)This line graph de
28、monstrate the information about Coffee Bean Demand for 1st and 2nd Quarter. The change trend of analysis of charts and predict future possible changes .第三部分 其他221、 传真（fax）传真的发明给我们的生活带来极大的方便。它能在短时间内将文件、图画直接传送到业务对方，也的确给我们的商务活动带来的极大的便利。一般公司都有固定的传真格式，一般我们需要清楚地填妥传真头，起拟传真内容，准确、快捷地将有关内容传到对方。To: XX Company
29、Attn: Mr XFrom: Mr Wang Date: 2000/1/23 Fax No: 2233666 Ref No: FO 1216-01Pages:1Subject: Providing InformationContent:Dear Mr Smith: It was a pleasure meeting you this week and learning of your interest in our promoting project.Please find enclosed detailed information of our special promotion pack
30、age for the March issue. As time is short final deadline has passed. Your prompt confirmation would be highly appreciated. Thank you for your kind attention and I look forward to your prompt reply. Best regards.致：XX 公司 收件人：X 先生由：王先生 日期：2000 年 1 月 23 日传真号：2233666 档号：FO1216-01 页数：1 页 主题：提供资料内容：很高兴这星期与
31、你会面，并得悉阁下对我们的推广计划有兴趣。现谨附上 3 月份推广计划的详细资料。由于时间紧急而截稿日期已过，故希望你能尽快确认。谢谢，敬候回复 祝好！2、 备忘录（memo）备忘录通常提出请求或发布人们对某个具体问题的迅速反应。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。备忘录通常要发送、张贴、转寄，也就是说它们要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就会出错，其影响会迅速扩大，因为为了纠正错误人们往往会写更多的备忘录。备忘录也要归档，这意味着它们将来有一天还会纠缠你。事实上“memo” 来自于拉丁语 “memorandum”，意思是“必须记住的东西” 。
32、一、备忘录的常见格式1、忘录书端（Header ）：书端是写在备忘录开头的压缩信息。情况不同，书端的格式可能不同，但是通常应采用下面这种格式。23Date: January 24, 2005To: F. PrefectFrom: A. DentSubject: My Suggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule日期：2005 年 1 月 24 日致： F. 普里费科特自： A. 邓特由：关于地方拆除计划的建议修订案日期：要采用正式的全部拼写。在有些国家， “12/01/98”是指“1998 年 12 月 1 日”，而在其他国家却是“1
33、998 年 1 月 12 日”。致和自：通常，省去诸如“教授”或“ 先生”这类头衔。 “自：”后面写你名字的首字母大写，然后接你的姓。事由：要具体。备忘录目的（Purpose）：阐明写作原因。采用回答记者问题的方式，回答：who，what，when，where and why。二、样 题：Directions:You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Write a memo tha
34、t will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.Date: October 10, 2005To: All studentsFrom: A. ButtleSubject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer SemesterThe student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Applicants should current
35、ly be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years writing experience.The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of Augu
36、st. The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience. If you are interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.三、操作题（1）You are organizing a movie night in your dormitory. Write a memo to be posted on the bulletin board inviting your fellow students to jo
37、in in on the fun. Your memo should describe when and where the movie will be shown and should ask for suggestions on appropriate movies.You should write about100 words .(2)Your best friend is moving to another city this year. You want to hold a going away dinner in his honor. Write a memo to your mu
38、tual friends stating the reason for the celebration, and the time and locale of the party.You should write about 100 words .243、 电子邮件（e-mail）毋庸置疑传统的信函往来越来越被电子邮件交流所取代，虽然不同的电子邮件系统提供的用户界面千差万别，但是标准的电子邮件都是由以下几个主要要素组成的： To （收件人栏） 输入收件人的电子邮箱地址 From（抄送栏） 输入接受抄送文件的人的电子邮箱地址，并且收件人知道此抄送信息。 Subject （主题栏） 输入邮件的简短
39、文章概括介绍。收件人能在其信箱中的邮件列表中清晰浏览此内容。 Date (日期栏) 输入邮件发送的时间。 下面，让我们共同看一篇例文。From: To: zhou Subject: studying in USADate: Monday, march 27,2006 4:16pmDear Zhou Tian,I hope you did well on your exams last week! Im very sorry for I didnt answer your e-mail earlier. I was on vacation for a week.Im thinking about
40、 studying in USA next year, and I like to find out what experiences other people have had. I remember you told me about an e-mail discussion group for students in USA? Could you tell me how to participate in it? Thanks!Mi4、 通知和启事（notice 2、Press the “on/off” button and the program starts.Program sequ
41、enceThe position of the program selector indicates which stage in the wash program the machine is currently at.End of wash program 26All programs end automatically after the spin cycle.Switching the machine off1、press the “on |off”button 。the machine is switched off and the power indicator light goe
42、s out;2、After 2 minutes you will be able to open the door and remove the washing;3、Turn the tap off.Medicine Operation InstructionsThe medicine is made by the Sixth Medical Factory of Harbin. It is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. It has a great effect on lung disease. Take three pills once a
43、nd three times a day. One or two pills can be added according to your condition. Stop it if you feel uncomfortable after taking it. It is not suitable for children or the old people. Please strictly follow the doctors instructions when you take it. This medicine should be in dark and dry places.6、 公
44、司与产品介绍（company profile & product introduction）公司与产品介绍使用一种宣传手段，主要是介绍自己公司的发展历史与背景、经营范围、企业文化、合作伙伴、经营业绩等等。起到传达信息、增近了解、吸引人才、扩大贸易的目的，可以通过口头或书面形式介绍，也可以建立自己公司的网站利用互联网推介本公司产品、品牌和企业本身的相关信息。公司及产品介绍语言应该简明扼要，句式简练，重点突出，避免夸夸其谈、面面俱到。有些产品介绍中必须列表说明各项性能指标，使人一目了然。公司介绍的主要内容一般包括：1、 企业的发展历程及企业性质及文化；2、 本企业的核心优势3、 目前的科技研发条件
45、、合作伙伴及主要客户；4、 客户评价，企业承诺。产品介绍的主要内容包括：1、 产品名称，编号2、 产品的主要用途；3、 产品的主要质量标准。Guangzhou point and Canon advertising Co., LTD. Was established in 1996, is a brand strategy for service direction strategy consultants and advertising operators, customer brand value and marketing service has powerful advantage.
46、Brand strategic directionThe main direction of customer service category: quick consumption goods, food, beverage, food and beverage chain enterprise etc 271, strategic consultants direction: brand (enterprise) location analysis, brand (enterprise) each stage strategic policy, brand (enterprise) dec
47、ision-making strategy demonstration, public relations resource analysis and demonstration, guest mood relation analysis and appraisal, enterprise senior personnel and key customer loyalty and reliability analysis, a business plan (project book) writing, enterprise standard manual writing. 2, brand s
48、ystem construction direction: enterprise concept identifying system (MIS) design, enterprise behavior identification system (BIS) writing, enterprise visual identity system (VIS) standard, enterprise culture system (CIS) import guidance, enterprise pr strategyOutdoor advertising direction 1, outdoor advertising categories: outdoor large LED screen, design solution, manufacture, installation, enterprise advertisements broadcasting 2, advertising categories: crystal word, foam word, painting word, stainless steel word, zinc plate lacqu
