1、Elie Wiesel演讲:冷漠的危险(1)HolocaustsurvivorandNobelLaureate，ElieWiesel，gavethisimpassionedspeechintheEastRoomoftheWhiteHouseonApril12，1999，aspartoftheongoingMillenniumLectureseries，hostedbyPresidentBillClintonandFirstLadyHillaryRodhamClinton.ElieWiesel：Mr.President，Mrs.Clinton，membersofCongress，Ambassad
2、orHolbrooke，Excellencies，friends：Fifty-fouryearsagototheday，ayoungJewishboyfromasmalltownintheCarpathianMountainswokeup，notfarfromGoethesbelovedWeimar，inaplaceofeternalinfamycalledBuchenwald.Hewasfinallyfree，buttherewasnojoyinhisheart.Hethoughtthereneverwouldbeagain.LiberatedadayearlierbyAmericansol
3、diers，herememberstheirrageatwhattheysaw.Andevenifhelivestobeaveryoldman，hewillalwaysbegratefultothemforthatrage，andalsofortheircompassion.Thoughhedidnotunderstandtheirlanguage，theireyestoldhimwhatheneededtoknowthatthey，too，wouldremember，andbearwitness.Andnow，Istandbeforeyou，Mr.PresidentCommander-in-
4、Chiefofthearmythatfreedme，andtensofthousandsofothersandIamfilledwithaprofoundandabidinggratitudetotheAmericanpeople.GratitudeisawordthatIcherish.Gratitudeiswhatdefinesthehumanityofthehumanbeing.AndIamgratefultoyou，Hillary or Mrs.Clintonforwhatyousaid，andforwhatyouaredoingforchildrenintheworld，forthe
5、homeless，forthevictimsofinjustice，thevictimsofdestinyandsociety.AndIthankallofyouforbeinghere.Weareonthethresholdofanewcentury，anewmillennium.Whatwillthelegacyofthisvanishingcenturybe？Howwillitberememberedinthenewmillennium？Surelyitwillbejudged，andjudgedseverely，inbothmoralandmetaphysicalterms.These
6、failureshavecastadarkshadowoverhumanity：twoWorldWars，countlesscivilwars，thesenselesschainofassassinationsGandhi，theKennedys，MartinLutherKing，Sadat，RabinbloodbathsinCambodiaandNigeria，IndiaandPakistan，IrelandandRwanda，EritreaandEthiopia，SarajevoandKosovo；theinhumanityinthegulagandthetragedyofHiroshim
7、a.And，onadifferentlevel，ofcourse，AuschwitzandTreblinka.Somuchviolence，somuchindifference.Whatisindifference？Etymologically，thewordmeans“nodifference.”Astrangeandunnaturalstateinwhichthelinesblurbetweenlightanddarkness，duskanddawn，crimeandpunishment，crueltyandcompassion，goodandevil.Whatareitscoursesa
8、ndinescapableconsequences？Isitaphilosophy？Isthereaphilosophyofindifferenceconceivable？Canonepossiblyviewindifferenceasavirtue？Isitnecessaryattimestopracticeitsimplytokeeponessanity，livenormally，enjoyafinemealandaglassofwine，astheworldaroundusexperiencesharrowingupheavals？Ofcourse，indifferencecanbete
9、mptingmorethanthat，seductive.Itissomucheasiertolookawayfromvictims.Itissomucheasiertoavoidsuchrudeinterruptionstoourwork，ourdreams，ourhopes.Itis，afterall，awkward，troublesome，tobeinvolvedinanotherpersonspainanddespair.Yet，forthepersonwhoisindifferent，his or herneighborareofnoconsequence.And，therefore
10、，theirlivesaremeaningless.Theirhidden or evenvisibleanguishisofnointerest.Indifferencereducestheothertoanabstraction.Overthere，behindtheblackgatesofAuschwitz，themosttragicofallprisonerswerethe“Muselmanner， ”astheywerecalled.Wrappedintheirtornblankets，theywouldsit or lieontheground，staringvacantlyint
11、ospace，unawareofwho or wheretheywere，strangerstotheirsurroundings.Theynolongerfeltpain，hunger，thirst.Theyfearednothing.Theyfeltnothing.Theyweredeadanddidnotknowit.Rootedinourtradition，someofusfeltthattobeabandonedbyhumanitythenwasnottheultimate.WefeltthattobeabandonedbyGodwasworsethantobepunishedbyH
12、im.BetteranunjustGodthananindifferentone.ForustobeignoredbyGodwasaharsherpunishmentthantobeavictimofHisanger.MancanlivefarfromGodnotoutsideGod.Godiswhereverweare.Eveninsuffering？Eveninsuffering.Inaway，tobeindifferenttothatsufferingiswhatmakesthehumanbeinginhuman.Indifference，afterall，ismoredangerous
13、thanangerandhatred.Angercanattimesbecreative.Onewritesagreatpoem，agreatsymphony，onedoessomethingspecialforthesakeofhumanitybecauseoneisangryattheinjusticethatonewitnesses.Butindifferenceisnevercreative.Evenhatredattimesmayelicitaresponse.Youfightit.Youdenounceit.Youdisarmit.Indifferenceelicitsnoresp
14、onse.Indifferenceisnotaresponse.Indifferenceisnotabeginning，itisanend.And，therefore，indifferenceisalwaysthefriendoftheenemy，foritbenefitstheaggressorneverhisvictim，whosepainismagnifiedwhenhe or shefeelsforgotten.Thepoliticalprisonerinhiscell，thehungrychildren，thehomelessrefugeesnottorespondtotheirpl
15、ight，nottorelievetheirsolitudebyofferingthemasparkofhopeistoexilethemfromhumanmemory.Andindenyingtheirhumanitywebetrayourown.Indifference，then，isnotonlyasin，itisapunishment.Andthisisoneofthemostimportantlessonsofthisoutgoingcenturyswide-rangingexperimentsingoodandevil.IntheplacethatIcomefrom，societywascomposedofthreesimplecategories：thekillers，thevictims，andthebystanders.Duringthedarkestoftimes，insidetheghettoesanddeathcampsandImgladthatMrs.Clintonmentionedthatwearenowcommemoratingthatevent，thatperiod，thatwearenowintheDaysofRemembrancebutthen，wefeltabandoned，forgotten.Allofusdid.
