1、湖南省长沙市明德中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节 （共十道题，每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。ADiscover Nature Schools programsBecoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade)By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. Kids will find safe
2、ty in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠). After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves. (1.5-2 hours)Whose Clues? (3-5 grade)Kids w
3、ill discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species
4、 and tell how they survive in their living places. (3-4 hours)Winged Wonders (3-5 grade)Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological (生态的) role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides a
5、nd telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home.(3-4 hours)Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade)We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-h
6、and some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem. Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students. All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing, sunscreen and ins
7、ect killers for children. To take part in a program , please email dcprogramsmdc.mo.gov.1. What can kids do at Becoming Bears?A. Watch bears performances.B. Take care of bearsC. Learn how to survive a bear attackD. Pretend to be baby bears to learn about bears.2. Kids who are interested in plants wi
8、ll choose_.A. Whose Clues?B. Exploring your WatershedC. Becoming BearsD. Winged Wonders3. According to the passage, all the four programs _.A. have the same teaching hoursB. have outdoor activitiesC. are offered during summer holidaysD. are designed for primary school students【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B【解析】这
9、是一篇应用文。短文介绍了让学生了解和体验大自然的课程的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Becoming Bears中的“By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons.”可知，通过成为熊宝宝，孩子可以从“熊父母”那里学到生存的技能。所以孩子们在Becoming Bears能假装成小熊来学习关于熊的一些知识。故D选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Whose Clues?中的“Kids will discover how plants and animals use their
10、 special structures to survive”可知，孩子们会发现植物和动物是如何利用它们的特殊结构来生存的。所以对植物感兴趣的孩子会选择Whose Clues。故A选项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。由Becoming Bears中的“students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves”.Whose Clues中的“Through outdoor study of plants and animals.”.Winged Wonders 中的“ go bi
11、rd watching using field guides and telescopes.”和Exploring Your Watershed中的“All programs include plenty of time outdoors”可知，学生们将作为一只能够照顾自己的独立的黑熊走出洞穴。通过对植物和动物的户外研究。并使用野外指南和望远镜观察鸟类。所有项目都包括大量的户外活动。所以根据这篇文章，四个项目都有户外活动。故B选项正确。BDenny was a famous photographer. He traveled all over the world, taking picture
12、s for magazines and newspapers, and won many prizes.“Ill do anything to get a good photo,” he often said. “Ill go anywhere, even if it is dangerous. ”And he told the truth. He had photos of many disasters .If something interesting happened, Denny went to photograph it.He was a married man and his wi
13、fe often asked him to take her with him , but he always refused. “Ill travel for my work, not for fun, you wont enjoy yourself, and I wont have time to look after you. Sometimes theres not even anywhere to stay, and I have to sleep outside. I often dont have a good meal or a bath for days. You wont
14、like it.”“Denny, I am not a child,” his wife didnt agree.“I can look after myself. Please take me with you the next time you go overseas. ”Denny didnt say anything, but he thought about it, and when he was asked to go to Africa, he said to his wife,“You can come to Africa with me if you want to. Ive
15、 got to take photos of wild animals there. It should be interesting and not too uncomfortable.”His wife was very excited, and at first she had a very enjoyable time.Then Denny went to the forest to find some lions to photo. His wife went with him, but before long they became separated. She walked do
16、wn one path while he walked down the other.Suddenly, Denny heard her crying. He ran back and saw her running towards him. A huge lion was chasing her. Quickly Denny took his camera out of the bag and pointed it at his wife and the lion. Then he shouted, “Slow down, woman! I cant get you both in the
17、picture!”4. Denny had photos of all the following EXCEPT .A. Natural disastersB. wild animalsC. travel magazinesD. interesting event5. The couple became separated in the African forest, probably because .A. one of them left to talk a bathB. they didnt have a good meal for daysC. either of them had l
18、ost his/her wayD. they have nowhere to stay for the night6. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph mainly tells us that .A. Denny was in fact playing a joke with his wifeB. Denny trained the wild lion to play with his wifeC. Denny did not love his wifeD. Denny was too busy taking photos to pr
19、otect his wife7. According to the passage, a famous photographers live must be .A. safe, cheerful and colorfulB. interesting, successful but dangerousC. enjoyable, exciting but regrettableD. pleasant, comfortable and meaningful【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Denny是一个有名的摄影师，并在这方面获得了很多大奖。他的妻子很想
20、和他一起去拍照片，在妻子再三的请求下，Denny终于带着妻子去了非洲，在一次外出拍照时，由于失散，妻子受到狮子的追赶。但是Denny想到的不是救妻子，而是拍下这一场面。短文赞扬了Denny的敬业，同时讽刺了他的无情。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第三段和倒数第三段“He had photos of many disasters .If something interesting happened, Denny went to photograph it. Ive got to take photos of wild animals there.”可知，我愿意去任何地方拍照，即使很危险。他拍摄了许多
21、灾难的照片。如果发生了什么有趣的事，丹尼就去拍。我要在那里拍野生动物的照片。所以A，B，D都是Denny拍摄的内容，而C选项是他拍照所服务的对象。所以C选项不是他拍照的内容。故C选项正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“His wife went with him, but before long they became separated. She walked down one path while he walked down the other”可知，他的妻子和他走在一起，但不久之后，他们就走散了。妻子沿着一条小路走，然而他却沿着另一条小路走。所以这对夫妇在非洲森林里失散了，可能
22、是因为他们中的一个迷路了。故C选项正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“Then he shouted, “Slow down, woman! I cant get you both in the picture!”可知，然后他喊道：“慢点，女士！我不能把你们俩都拍进去。所以通过Denny所说的话可以判断出，最后一段划线的句子主要告诉我们Denny忙着拍照，无暇顾及保护妻子。故D选项正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“won many prizes.”第二段“Ill go anywhere, even if it is dangerous.”Denny获得了很多奖。他可以去任何地方拍摄，
23、即使很危险。和倒数第三段“It should be interesting”可知，拍摄很有趣。所以通过阅读这篇文章对摄影师生活的描述，可以判断出一个著名的摄影师的生活一定是有趣的，成功的，但很危险。故B选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由最后段“Then he shouted, “Slow down, woman! I cant get you both in the picture!
24、”可知，然后他喊道：“慢点，女士！我不能把你们俩都拍进去。所以通过Denny所说的话可以判断出，最后一段划线的句子主要告诉我们Denny忙着拍照，无暇顾及保护妻子。故D选项为小题3的正确选项。CThere are many useful suggestions and pieces of advice that can help one to improve English. Here are some useful suggestions and new tips to increase ones English language vocabulary.Learning English vo
25、cabulary is about much more than just learning the right words. A broad grasp of vocabulary in the English language is based on understanding important expressions.Learning a word will not help very much if you quickly forget it. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make
26、a word part of your vocabulary. Since most words are learned from how they are used in context, the more words one is shown, the better vocabulary one will have. Keep a piece of paper close to you. When you read, pay more attention to the word you do not know, write the word down and try to figure o
27、ut its meaning from the context. Then look up the word in a dictionary.Remember that if you do not use English words that you have just learned in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly. So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation
28、and writing. Remember also that practice is the key to fluent spoken English.Building vocabulary is a life-long task. Remember, “In the beginning was the word.” Your future could depend on how rich your vocabulary is. It will also determine the quality of your communication.8. We can learn from the
29、passage that learning English vocabulary .A. is just about learning the right wordsB. is about remembering more and more wordsC. doesnt require one to learn expressionsD. requires one to understand important expressions9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. It doesnt take
30、long to build ones vocabularyB. If you remember a word, you are still able to forget it if you dont use it.C. To master a word, you need to repeat it 10-20 times.D. Practice is very important in fluent spoken English.10. The best way to learn new words is .A. reading them loudly over and over againB
31、. writing them down over and over againC. trying to use them while speaking and writingD. always looking them up in the dictionary11. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to have a good conversation in EnglishB. How to enrich your English vocabularyC. Why context is important in learning EnglishD
32、. How to improve the quality of communication【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了提高英语词汇量的一些新技巧。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“ A broad grasp of vocabulary in the English language is based on understanding important expressions.”可知，对英语词汇的广泛掌握是建立在理解重要表达的基础上的。所以从这篇文章我们可以学到，学习英语词汇需要学习者理解重要的表达。故D选项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题
33、。由最后一段“Building vocabulary is a life-long task”可知，词汇量的积累是一项终生的任务。所以A选项“积累词汇量并不需要很长的时间”是不对的。故A选项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题。由最后段“So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing”可知，所以有效学习新单词的最好方法就是试着在对话和写作中使用它们。所以学习新单词的最好方法是试着在说和写作的时候使用它们。故C选项正确。【11题详解】主旨大意
34、题。由第一段“Here are some useful suggestions and new tips to increase ones English language vocabulary”可知，这里有一些有用的建议和提高英语词汇量的新技巧。短文的结构为总分结构。所以通过第一段的总说以及各个小标题的分说。可以判断出这篇文章主要讲的是如何丰富你的英语词汇。故B选项正确。DAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our ex
35、periences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his
36、intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied circumstances. Thus the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show
37、 that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from the population,it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be com
38、pletely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now th
39、at we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. Th
40、is conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.12. .Which of these sentences best describes the writers point in Para. 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at
41、birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.13. It is suggested in this passage that_.A. close relations usually have similar intelligenceB. unrelated people are not
42、 likely to have different intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence14. In Para. 1, the word circumstances means_.A
43、. intelligenceB. lifeC. environmentsD. housing15. The best title for this article would be_.A. On IntelligenceB. What Intelligence MeansC. We are Born with IntelligenceD. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A【解析】试题分析: 文章主要讲的是人的智力。许多专家现在持有的观点是，智力的极限是由先天决定的，但能否
44、达到极限则取决于后天的生活环境。【12题详解】D细节理解题。根据第一段“Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment.”可知，一个人的智力在出生时就固定了，但能否达到极限，要视后天的环境而定，故选D【13题详解】B推理判断题。根据第二段“The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they
45、are likely to be intelligence”可知，两个人的血缘关系越近，他们的智力水平越接近，故选B【14题详解】C猜测词意。根据第一段提到On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and variedsurroundings另外一个方面，孩子所居住的环境将会影响他的智力而不是他有多么富有和复杂的环境，故选C项。【15题详解】A 主旨标题。根据第一段“Or is intelli
46、gence developed by our environment and our experience?”和第二段“It is easy to show that intelligence is to”与第三段“and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part.”可知，文章主要讲的是智力，专家持有的观点是，智力的极限是先天决定的，而能否达到极限，取决于后天的环境，故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。A good l
47、augh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system._16_.Dont take life too seriously. We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes. _17_ In fact, if you can laugh light-heartedly at your
48、own fault, youll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation. Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad. _18_The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control. This will lower your bl
