备战2017高考英语（精讲+精练+精析）专题1-29（含解析）（打包29套）.zip

1专题 29 阅读表达、阅读简答（天津）【2017 年高考命题预测】2009 年,天津高考英语卷也采用了阅读表达这一题型。这种题型以阅读理解为基础,要求考生在读懂文章的基础上,用规定的词数简要地回答有关问题;考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能力,比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性,更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。所选用的阅读材料题材、文体与传统的阅读理解短文没有太大的区别,多以故事和说明文为主,长度一般为 300 词左右,结构清晰,通俗易懂。在问题设置上，阅读表达题一般设有五个小题(每小题 2 分),阅读简答题则一般设有三个小题(每小题2 分)。在形式上,阅读表达题相对丰富些,有填空和问题简答等,而阅读简答题则主要以问题简答为主。考查的方向基本上可分为四大类:一是词汇语义类,要求考生从文中找到一个与所给生词或短语意义最接近的替换词,考查学生联系上下文理解词义的能力;二是细节查找类,针对文章某细节内容提问,要求考生用规定的词数回答问题;三是主旨大意类,针对文章主旨提问,考查考生对文章中心思想或作者态度、观点等的把握;四是考生个人观点类,问考生读完文章后对文中故事或人物的看法。 总之,这种题型将答题主观性与客观性相结合,突出思维的开放性,给考生提供广阔的思维空间,能全面、客观地考查考生“ 读、写、思”等方面的能力。【考点定位】2017 考纲解读和近几年考点分布从近几年的天津高考阅读表达题来看，该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。其命题特点是：1.阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，文章长度大致相同或比传统的阅读短文略短，总阅读量不会太大（约 200~300 词） 。2.生词量较大，有许多超“标”词汇，要求考生凭借上下文语境及生活常识予以推测感知。3.语篇意识和思维灵活性有所强化，文章的结构层次性更强。阅读表达题型具有多样性，概括起来一般采用以下 7 种形式：问题类型 常见问题主旨概括 What’s the best title of the passage?2What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage?What’s the main idea of the passage/article?填空 Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子 Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换 Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题 Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题 What would you do if you …?What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the problem if you…?其他类型 …每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类,问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列.其他类型的题目属于不确定题型,是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的,与以上六种题型不同的问题类型.为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间,在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求(翻译句子题除外).【考点 pk】 名师考点透析3高考题型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(within 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.(Please answer within 6words.)解题策略:整体理解,仔细推敲,注意上下文的逻辑性,关注文中表示对比、转折、递进、并列、因果等关系的关联词;分析句子结构,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空;把握作者的思路,简练表达,切忌偏离主题、断章取义;放回原文中检查,确保上下文连贯,语法正确。考点三、翻译句子该题型要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。高考题型:You are perfectly within the bounds of po-liteness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解题策略:分析把握句子结构;遵循忠实通顺的原则,表达完整;注意英汉语序的差异,译文要求符合汉语表达习惯;翻译关键词;语言简练。考点四、英文释义该题型要求根据所给的英文释义句子,在短文中寻找相同的句子。此类试题较简单,相当于传统阅读理解中的转换理解,答案较固定。一般出题方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the following one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results from our inability sort out e-mails.解题策略:通过上下文,整体理解所给句子;分析所给句子的结构、含义、实际用意;在文中找相同含义的句子;不能增加或减少,所找句子必须准确、完整。4考点五、封闭型问题该题型要求学生结合文中某个问题进行解答。一般出题方式有:Regular Wh-Questions based on thpassage.例如:What advice is given in the last paragrap(within 10 words)(2007 年高考);List three activities thmight develop into addictions based on the text.(Please aswer within 8 words.)(2008 年高考)解题策略:面对该类问题,学生可以结合文中的具体依据进行回答,答案是固定的、唯一的。考点六、开放型问题该题型要求学生结合个人的观点、态度进行表述。一般出题方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think.?Which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解题策略:面对该类题型,学生可以依据自己的看法结合原文理解作出回答,注意扬长避短,避难就易。考点七、其他题型除了上述较为常见的题型外,高考命题人员还有可能根据阅读理解文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）【三年高考】 14、15、16 年高考试题及其解析16 年高考试题[2016·天津卷] 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。I'm a 34­year­old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to 5express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along. I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn't a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practised reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I__was__literate．Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I've got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.56．What made the author's school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)________________________________________________________________________57．Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)________________________________________________________________________58．What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)________________________________________________________________________59．What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)________________________________________________________________________60．How does the author's story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)________________________________________________________________________【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。虽然作者现在是一位成功的教育顾问，但他从小就有学习障碍。他通过学习艺术、攀岩等克服了困难。他也用那些方法去练习阅读和写作，结果获得了成功。作者从自己的经历中认识到：只要自己下工夫，有决心，就能克服困难。56. (His) learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.6Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learning disability.57．He could be smart and express himself with clay.Or: Art could help him express himself without words.Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.58. If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.Or: The more you practise something, the better at it you will become.Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Practice leads to success.59. I could read and write.60. We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.Or: The author's story tells me that I should be confident and practise hard to overcome difficulties in my life.Or: We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.15 年高考试题[2015·天津卷] 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Six days a week, up and down the red hills of north­east Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy. “Thank you for your nice words， ” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made.”“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I 7go back years ago, when we lived in a three­room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can't figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things—and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my_grandfather_is_still_on_that_long_road,_climbing. 56. What was the author's grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)58. What is the grandfather's view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)60. Do you agree with the grandfather's view on life? Give reasons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.”可知答案。858. The process is more important than the result.Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made./It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Life isn't having it made；it's getting it made.”和第四段的“It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”可知祖父认为过程比结果重要。59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.句意理解题。综合上文内容可知祖父一直在坚持做有意义的事情。60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful.No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.观点态度题。可适当发挥，叙述合理即可。2014 年高考试题[2014·天津卷] 阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.Low's mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, Low read to her. Then“hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber(转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last 9line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading(校对) at the CNIB's word factory.In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80，000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “ I can't imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris' contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so， ” said a CNIB official.“For me， ” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three things matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I've found them all here.”56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? (no more than 10 words)57. Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)58. What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean？(1 word)59. What are Low's contributions to the CNIB? (no more than 15 words)60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)【要点综述】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 Doris Low 从年轻时就成为一名志愿者为那些听力有问题的人读书，将书中的内容转在磁带上，还作为转译者将普通的书译成布拉耶文(即盲文)。现年她已经90 岁了，依旧在做志愿工作。56. She helps transform literature into braille (for blind readers/the blind). 根据第一段中的“…where she helps transform literature into braille…”可知，Doris Low 在 90 岁时依旧在帮忙把文学作品翻译成盲文。57. (Because) her mother's eyes began to fail and she heard an/the advertisement. 根据第三段中的“As her eyes began to fail, Low read to her…， ‘hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.’”可知 Low 学盲文是因为她母亲的视力下降，而且正好听到了一则鼓励人们学盲文的广告。58. Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough. 根据画线单词后的内容“…she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again.”可知将书译成盲10文是非常难的，故用 difficult/hard/tiring/though 等词汇。59. She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.根据倒数第二段中的“…the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions.”可知 contributions 后面的内容都是 Low 作出的贡献。重点的贡献就是“…through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread…”将句子进行整合就构成本题的答案。2013 年高考试题【2013 天津卷】阅读表达（共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a Time for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye. NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover (火星探测器). Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity.I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind…”Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.On August 5, 2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars 11kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about them. That’s what I love so much about space.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.【文章大意】这篇文章介绍了作者为什么给火星探测器命名为 Curiosity：因为好奇才会进步、发展。56. How did Clara get the news about the essay contest? (no more than 10 words)[答案]By reading a Time for Kids magazine. Or: From a Time for Kids magazine[解析]文章的第一段第二句话“I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a Time for Kids magazine”明确指明了来源。对学生来说就是语言的组织问题了。题干中的 the news 暗示了答案可能出现的位置，又因为后面是谈论竞赛的内容，所以我们知道答案应该出现在前面那句话中。[考点定位]考查对文章的细节理解能力。一般根据题干中的关键信息去定位答案，然后根据文章的意思就能很快的找到答案。57. Why did Clara have a front-row