2017年高考英语（四海八荒易错集）专题1-13（打包13套）.zip

1专题 01 名词与冠词1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction 【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词 top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed.【答案】days 3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．【答案】achievement 【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词 of后应用名词作宾语。4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．【答案】studies 【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为 show，说明主语应用名词复数 studies。5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development 【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前 551年到 479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的 the可知，所填词应用名词形式。6．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.2【答案】enemies 【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人” ，故填可数名词 enemy的复数形式。7．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.【答案】payments 【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了 会影响你的信用。前面有形容词 late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment 可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。8．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.【答案】differences 【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异” ，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词 our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异” ，所以用复数形式。9．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.【答案】the 10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a 【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿” 。易错起源 1 望词生义例 1． We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)3答案：requests 解析：本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt 尝试；request 要求，请求；doubt 怀疑；promise 保证，允诺。由语境可知，只能是对别人的请求(requests)说 yes，即：答应对方的请求。【名师点睛】同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)易错起源 2 误用冠词例 2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.【名师点睛】1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid­Autumn Festival 等。3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8 等。4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner 等。但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch 等。5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess 等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，4如：play the violin/the piano 等。6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。John is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长。They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。7．用于表示“变成”的 turn后、作表语的单数名词前。He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。9．用于某些用介词 by构成的表方式的短语中。by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工10．用于某些独立主格结构中。The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．老师走了进来，手里拿着书。【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】冠词运用一定要注意语境。易错起源 3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词例 3．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.A．/；a；the B．the；the；aC．/；the；a D．a；the；the【答案】A 5【名师点睛】1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。2．用于序数词前表示“又一” “再一” 。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常” 。We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。4．在专有名词前表示“某一个” “类似的一个” 。A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。5．用于 of短语中表示“同一”(＝the same)。Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。易错起源 4 名词固定搭配例 4．The smallest good habits can make a big ________.【名师点睛】高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词” 。如：have a good reputation，take advantage of 和 in great demand, in quantity.在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。易错起源 5 名词的一词多义与熟词新义例 5、—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?6—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.(strength, talent, ability, skill)答案：strength 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？” “噢，你知道，英语是我的强项，因此这是我的最佳选择。 ”strength“强项；长处” ；talent“天资；才能” ；ability“能力；力量” ；skill“技能；擅长” 。题中 strength的常见词义为“力气” ，但此处表示“长处，优势” 。【名师点睛】名 词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如 interest既要知道它有“兴趣，趣味”的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：“利益；好处” 。1．In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed ______ very large stone.【答案】a 【解析】句意：他在进 城的主干道中间放了一块很大的石头。在此 stone作可数名词，意为“一块石头” ，前面需要用不定冠词 a。2．ike many popular restaurants in Paris，________(reserve)are hard to get at Dave，so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door.【答案】reservations 【解析】句意：就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆一样，在 Dave也很难预订，因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶。根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词 are可知，主语为名词复数形式，故填 reservations。3．He pushed and pulled with all his ________(strong)to move it.【答案】strength 4．He asked ________(permit)to introduce his friend，whose name was Mr Wickham，and who had apparently arrived recently from London.【答案】permission 【解析】句意：他请求允许介绍他的朋友，他的朋友 威克姆先生，显然是最近从伦敦来的。根据句子结构可知，此处动词 ask后面须用名词，故填 permission。75．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________(adolescent)．【答案】adolescents 【解析】句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青少年” ，用复数表示泛指，故填 adolescents。6．Girls are luckier than boys；they have more flexible ________(choose)than boys.【答案】choices 【解析】句意：女孩比男孩要幸运些，她们比男孩有更灵活的选择。前面 flexible是形容词，后面须接名词；choice 此处应为可数名词，意味着多种选择，故填 choices。7．I have a strong ________(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets，too.【答案】belief 【解析】句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有 a strong修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。8．So I asked her why she sat there in ________(silent)．【答案】silence 9．About 20 percent of ________(baby)feel nervous when they see strangers.【答案】babies 【解析】句意：约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby 是可数名词，前面有百分数修饰，故用复数形式。10．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of ________(hour)．【答案】hours 【解析】句意：当我给他打电话，如果他没接的话，他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词 hour前有 a couple of修饰，故用复数形式。1专题 02 代词1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit，I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother.2．(2016·四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food.答案 its 解析 句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词 its修饰 mother。3．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.答案 that 解析 句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词 education system，所以用 that。4.(2015·浙江，12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?解析 句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达 how would you like it if.，在此结构中 it代替后面 if句的内容。答案 it5.(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.解析 句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为 but，表转折，故 nobody没有人，符合句意。答案 nobody6.(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .解析 句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用 one.the other.。答案 other27.(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.解析 句意：Niki 总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。答案 none8.(2015·天津， 2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.解析 句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的 quality of education要用 that，为了避免重复，可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。答案 that9.(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.解析 句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意 ，两者都不用 neither。答案 neither易错起源 1、物主代词和反身代词的用法 例 1． Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business than they knew it _ _.A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself Is’s nice if a【错误解答】D【正确解答】 A【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如: Jack took off his coat and went go bed (his 不能省略) 2.“of+名词性物主代词”用作定语。例如: 3Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.That car of hers is a1ways breaing down. 3.“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示强调，在 own前还可加 very表示进一步的强调。 例如: It’s nice if a man can have his own car.I want to have my very own car.4.“a(an，Some，any) +名词+ of one’s own”表示“某人自己的……”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词 the。例如:5.反身代词的习惯用语。by oneslf =alone 独自地，亲自to oneself 暗自for oneself 为自己in oneself 本质上of onesflf 自动地，自发地be oneself 玩得愉快dress oneslf in 穿着……help oneslf to 随便吃……，自行取用come to oneself 苏醒make oneself at home 不要客气devote omeself to 专心于；献身于……find omeself in/at发觉自己来到……teach oneself 自学dress oneself 自己穿lose oneself 迷路excuse oneself 自我辩解易错起源 2、不定代词的用法 例 2．—One week’s time has been wastea.—I can’t believe we did all that work for __ .A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything4【错误解答】A 或 D【错解分析】前者说:一周的时间已被浪费掉了。后者说:我无法相信我们所做的一切毫无结果／什么都没换来。句中的 for有“替挟、兑挟”之意。一周内干了许多工作，却劳而无功，所以才白白浪费了一周时间，没有换来任何成果。【正确解答】 B【名师点睛】易混不定代词的用法区别:1.some和 any二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当 some用于单数可数名词前时，表示”某一(个)” ，与数字连用则表示“大概，大约”的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示请求，建议。例如:I’ve read the story in some book. (某一本)Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )May I have some water? (表示请求)Would you like some apples? (邀请)(2)any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any 表示“任何的” ，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如:both两者都，all 三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。(1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切” ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:All but one are present.(作主语，指人，谓语动词用复数)All is over with him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数)I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)They all agree to stay here.(作同位语)3.much和 many两个词都有“许多”的意思，much 表示或修饰不可数名词，many 表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中，much或 many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用 a lot of，lots Of，plenty of，a large 5quantity of，quantities of 代替。much 还可以用 a great deal of代替，many 可以用 a(1arge)number of代替。(1)much可用作副词，作状语，表程度。be not much 意为“不怎么样” ，much 还可与 too连用，构成“too much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的……”或“much too+形容词或副词”短语，意为“太……“非常” ，是副词词组，修饰形、副词，但不修饰动词。例如:The city is much larger than that one.I’ve visited the country and it is not much.There is too much noise in the classroomI’m much too busy to see visitors.(2)many a + 可数名词单数，表示“许多” 。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用 many of或 much of结构，例如:Many a student has gone to the cinema.Many of the/my books are English.(1)each强调个体，在句子中充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如:Each room can seat at least fifty people.Each of the students will get a new book.Each student will get a new bookThe students each will get a new book.There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. ( 街道只有两边，不能用 every)(2)every强调整体，在句中只能作定语，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔……”构成“every+数词+复数名词” ， “every + few + 复数名词” ， “every + other + 单数名词” ，“every +序数词 + 单数名词” ，例如:Every one has strong and weak points.Every student has told a story.every three weeks 每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期every other week = every second week 每隔一星期every few weeks(不能说 evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期6.either 和 neither6either指“两个人或物中的任何一个” ，表示肯定意义，neither 指“两个人或物一个也不” ，表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。①either 可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也” 。例如:I don’t know either.我也不知道。②either 可用作连词， “或者，要么”的意思，一般与。or 连用，构成“either . or”短语，意为“不是……就是……” ， “或者……或者……” 。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如: Either he or I am to blame.Is either he or you going to the cinema?Are either you or he going to the cinema?③either 修饰名词时，前面不用物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，可以说:“either pen” ，但不能说“the either pen或 either my pen”④either 用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和 of连用，of 后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，如:He doesn’t like either of the two places.⑤当 either of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别在口语中，如:7.no和 noneEither of them is good enough. I don’t think either of them are at home.(1)no表示“不” “无”只能作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数，相当于 not any或 not a。例如:There is no water in the bottle.(2)none表示“没有人，任何人也不”用作名词，相当于 no one或 not any，常同 of连用，构成“Noneof.”结构，none 作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，none作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none 在句中作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用，例如:None of books are (is) interesting.注意:①none but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如:None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。②none 和 noone的区别:7none回答以 howmany／much 引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no one 回答以 who引导的特殊疑问句及含有 anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之， none 表示数量，no one 表示没有人，例如:— How many students are there in the classroom now?—None.—How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?—None.—Who can answer the question?—No one.8.other,another, others,any other,the other的用法。 (1)other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的” 。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the，this，some，any，each，every，no 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。例如:I have no other place to go.(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个” ，泛指单数。可以单独使用，也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还” 。例如 :This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).We need another three assistants in our company.(3)others是 other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物” ，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:He has more concern for others than for himself.(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，百不是两个之中的另一个。例如: China is larger than any other country in Asia.(5)the other，表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用，以可接单数名词。例如:No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.易错起源 3、代词出 at、it、one 的用法 例 3． Cars do cause as some health problems __ in fact for more serious than mobile phones do.A. one B. ones C. it D. those【错误解答】D8【正确解答】B【名师点睛】代词 it的主要用法 用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。例如:This is not my book. It is Mary’s.用来代替指示代词出，this 或 that。例如:— What’s this? —It’s a dictionary.—Whose jacket is that? —It is hers.在性别不清楚时用来指人。例如:—Who’s knocking at the door?—It’s me.(4):指时间；距离、天气、环境等。例如 :—What’s the time now?—It’s ten past twenty.It’s getting warmer and wanner.It’s about ten miles’ ride from my home to the town.(5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:Our team won the football match .Have you heard about it?(6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如:I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.We’ll foot it.As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7o’clock.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】代词 it,they与替代词 one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法区别:(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they 是它的复数形式。(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones 是它的复数形式。(3)the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带动定语，the ones 是它的复数形式。(4)that既可替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,若替代单数名词时,相当于 the one.9(5)those 替代复数名词,相当于 the ones.例如 :Your story is interesting, but I don’t I ike it. (句 1)This story is an interesting one. ( 句 2 )I haven’t a computer. I want to buy one next year. (句 2)The dictionary on the desk is much better than that (the one) on the shelf. (句 3)The population in China is much larger than that in America. (句 4)The conditions are like those in the real spaceship. (句 5)The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Huanggang in winter. (句 4)Students in our class are more hard – working than those in Mr. smith’s class. (句 5)There is only one computer of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1)1.One day，he came up with an idea he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.解析 考查同位语从句的引导词。因后面是一个完整的句子，且该句是说明空格前面 an idea的具体内容，所以是同位语从句。从句结构完整，故要用 that引导。答案 that2. is important is that we let others know we care about them.解析 考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，系动词 is前的句子缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”要用 what。答案 What3.Over the next several months，my professor taught me one story was so much better than the other.答案 why4. A study found girls who ate five or more family meals a week had a much 10healthier relationship with food in later life.解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。谓语动词 found后为宾语从句，宾语从句中不缺少成分，故要用 that引导。答案 that5.Perhaps my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.解析 考查主语从句的引导词。妈妈说的话深深地扎根于我的思想中。系动词 was前为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故要用 what引导。答案 what6.Even more upsetting was the fact the driver didn't stop afterward.解析 考查同位语从句。the fact 后面是同位语从句，要用 that来引导。答案 that7. But，from I've heard，perhaps he worked too hard.解析 考查宾语从句。从我听说的来看，也许他更努力些。介词 from后是 what引导的宾语从句，what作动词 hear的宾语。答案 what8. Well，there is a rumor going around the head of the Department is leaving.解析 考查同位语从句。有一个谣言说，部门的领导马上就要走了。that 引导的是名词 rumor的同位语从句。答案 that9. The easiest way to do this is to make a simple list of it means to be respectful at school.答案 what10. There is a new market near my house.My mother often goes there and buys we need for our meals.解析 考查宾语从句。我的妈妈经常去那买我们吃饭所需要的东西。what 引导宾语从句作动词 buy的宾语。答案 what11.The pandas are very dear to human beings.So people have been doing they take 11to save them.解析 考查宾语从句。熊猫对人类来说很宝贵，因此人们一直在做任何需要做的事情来保护它们。whatever引导宾语从句，表示“无论什么” ，相当于 anything that。答案 whatever12. To tell the truth， you do rather than what you say matters.解析 考查主语从句。说实话，是你所做的而不是你所说的真正起作用。rather than连接的并列主语从句，主语从句均缺宾语，所以用 what。答案 what13. What the government cares about most is action they are going to take.解析 考查表语从句。政府最关心的是他们将采取何种行动。what action 什么行动。答案 what14.I need to put a cross on the map to show that famous hotel is.答案 where15. We've got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is being used in the classroom.That's they are coming for.解析 考查表语从句的引导词。这就是他们为什么而来。what 在表语从句中作介词 for的宾语，for what相当于 why。答案 what