1、Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture,Paul Herickhoff, MD March 26, 2009,Background,Largest, most powerful tendon in body Formed by gastrocnemius and soleus Incidence of rupture 18:100,000 Incidence is increasing As demonstrated by population based studies in Finland, Canada, Scotland and Sweden,Presentatio
2、n,Adults 40-50 y.o. primarily affected (MF) Athletic activities, usually with sudden starting or stopping “Snap” in heel with pain, which may subside quickly,Factors to consider,25% of patients have previous symptoms of Achilles inflammation Leppilahti et al. Clin Orthop 1998 Associated conditions:
3、Ochronosis Steroid use Quinolones Inflammatory arthritis,Diagnosis,Weakness in plantarflexion Gap in tendon Positive Thompson test,Imaging,X-rays Indicated if fracture or avulsion fracture suspected Ultrasound or MRI Reveal tendon degeneration, if present,Treatment,Non-operative versus operative tre
4、atment controversial Several methods described for each,Non-operative,Cast immobilization Traditional recommendation is 8 weeks of immobilization Wallace recommended patellar tendon bearing orthosis for weeks 4-8 Functional brace with semi-rigid tape and polypropylene orthoses for duration of treatm
5、ent also described Rerupture rate 8-39% reported,Operative,Open repair Locking stitch, +/- augmentation with plantaris or mesh Post-op care = Casting for 6-8 weeks Risks: Infection (4-21%), Rerupture (1-5%),Operative,Percutaneous Bunnell stitch Weaker than open repair (Rerupture 0-17%) Risk of sural
6、 nerve injury (0-13%) Decreased infection risk,Op vs. Non-op,Wong et al Am J Sports Med 2002 Metanalysis 125 articles, 5370 patients Wound complication (14.6 vs 0.5%) Rerupture (1.5 perc,1.4 open vs 10.7%) Complication rates lowest in open repair and early mobilization, highest in percutaneous repai
7、r and early mobilization,Op vs. Non-op,Bhandari et al. Clin Orthop 2002 More stringent inclusion criteria than Wong 6 studies, 448 patients Wound infection (5% vs 0%) Rerupture (3% vs 13%),Risk Factors for Wound Complication,Bruggeman et al Clin Orthop 2004 and Pajala et al. JBJS 2002 Age Tobacco Di
8、abetes Female gender Steroid use Treatment delay Low energy injury (during ADLs),Summary,Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture increasing Operative repair associated with lower rerupture rate, but higher wound complication rate compared to non-op Percutaneous repair has risk of nerve injury Review ri
9、sk factors before deciding treatment plan,References,Bhandari, M et al. “Treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic overview and metaanalysis.” Clin Orthop 400:190-200, 2002. Bruggeman, NB et al. “Wound complications after open Achilles tendon repair: an analysis of risk factors.” Clin Orth
10、op 427:63-66, 2004 Chiodo, CP and MG Wilson. “Current Concepts Review: Acute Ruptures of the Achilles Tendon.” Foot Ank Int 27:305-13, 2006 Leppilahti J et al. “Outcome and prognostic factors of Achilles rupture using a new scoring method. Clin Orthop 346:152-61, 2001. Pajala, A et al. “Rerupture and deep infection following treatment of total Achilles rupture.” JBJS 84-A:2016-21, 2002. Wong, J et al. “Quantitative review of operative and nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am J. Sports Med. 30:565-75, 2002.,
