1、Unit 1,Punctuation,OBJECTIVES,To be able to: know the type of English punctuation marks know the function and usage of English punctuation marks punctuate accurately,CONTENTS,Lead-in Common English punctuation marks Functions and usage of common English punctuation marks Tasks 6 and 7,Lead-in,What d
2、o you know about punctuation to language?,Common English Punctuation Marks,What English punctuation marks do you know? How do they spell?,Common English Punctuation Marks,1. Full stop/period ( . ) 2. Comma ( , ) 3. Semicolon ( ; ) 4. Colon ( : ) 5. Question mark ( ? ) 6. Exclamation mark ( ! ),Commo
3、n English Punctuation Marks,7. Quotation marks (“. . .”) 8. Apostrophe ( ) 9. Dash ( ) 10. Parentheses ( ( ) ) 11. Square brackets ( ),Functions and Usage,1. Full stop ( . ). Basically three functions and usage:A. To mark the end of all sentences except direct questions (?) and exclamations (!) B. T
4、o be used in abbreviations C. To be used between dollars/cents and pounds/pence (See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Keys to Task 1,Violin Recitala violin recital by Maestro Salvatore Accardo will be held at the Beijing Concert Hall on November 3. Accardo was born in Italy in 1941.
5、 His first concert was given when he was 13. At 17 he was awarded the first prize of Concorso Paganini of Geneva.,Keys to Task 2,Dr. (Hellen) Lounders Oct. Prof. Weldon Sept. B. A. Jan. M. Ed. Feb. Ave. Mar. Str. Apr. p. m. Aug. a. m. Dec. U. S. A. (USA) p. Chap. i. e. Ed. e. g. P. L. A. (PLA) No. U
6、. N. E. S. C. O. (UNESCO),Functions and Usage,2. Comma ( , ). Mainly four functions and usage:A. To join the parts of a compound sentence B. To prevent a confusing, ambiguous, orawkward reading C. To separate a list of words or phrases thathave the same grammatical use D. To separate directly or ind
7、irectly quoted material from such speech tags as “He said, She answered,” and “We replied.”(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Keys to Function A, The Comma,1) Most writers are considerate enough to avoid the more extreme forms of elliptical expression, but from time to time it wi
8、ll present problems. 2) If you are planning to use group work, you must work out how you want to sequence the activity because this may affect the way you prepare your material. 3) There is often a cool breeze in the evenings, so dont forget to pack a couple of jerseys. 4) Seats can be booked throug
9、h a ticket agency, or they can be purchased at the theatre.,Keys to Function A, The Comma,5) You can go there by bike, or you can also take bus No 11.You can go there by bike. You can also takebus No 11. 6) The evening market usually starts at 6:00 p.m. in summer, and it lasts for about six hours.Th
10、e evening market usually starts at 6:00 p.m. in summer. It lasts for about six hours. .,Keys to Function A, The Comma,7) It may be raining, so take an umbrella.It may be raining. Take an umbrella. 8) Group the ideas that you have, and decide on the best order.Group the ideas. Decide on the best orde
11、r.,Keys to Function B, The Comma,9) A few years ago, the World Bank described Chinas social insurance system as “disintegrated.” But now a national scheme combining social and personal responsibilities is being implemented. 10) The Three Gorge Dam project, the largest in the world, offers numerous o
12、pportunities for foreign companies including American ones. 11) Chen Xianyi, deputy director of the Diseases Control Department under the Ministry of Health, says the ministry is drafting national regulations on the management of epidemic reporting for communicable diseases in order to standardize e
13、pidemic surveillance, and establish a sound reporting system.,Keys to Function C, The Comma,12) He stated that conflict was imminent, that the opponents were well prepared, and that he felt uncertain of victory. 13) Besides machinery and electric equipment, 10 million tons of steel, timber, cement,
14、coal, ash, oil, and explosives are needed for the project.,Keys to Task 3, The Comma,1) Over the past three years, China has absorbed an annual average of $30 billion in foreign funds, and this year the figure will increase to more than $37 billion. 2) The engine installed the brakes failed, and the
15、 car started to roll backward. 3) The steelworkers representative, a foundry man from Humberside, argued for rapid modernization. 4) Britain now has a system as advanced as any in the world, and other countries are adopting similar measures. 5) The fire having been lit for some time, the room was wa
16、rm. 6) The fire, having been lit for some time, needed more wood.,Keys to Task 3, The Comma,7) The new crystals tended to be long, smooth, knife-like forms. 8) (No need to add any commas in this sentence) 9) It was his spelling, not his punctuation, that he needed to improve. 10) It was a letter fro
17、m my mother, who was worried because I had not written lately. 11) Mr. Branston, who is a rather shy man, does not like making speeches. 12) Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world, was not climbed until 1953.,Functions and Usage,3. The semicolon (;). Mainly two functions and usage: A. J
18、oining B. Listing(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Keys to Task 4, The Semicolon,1) Heavy chemicals are essentially those produced in bulk and used in large quantities; fine chemicals are made on a comparatively small scale, some indeed in quantities of only a pound or two. 2) H
19、is first paper was published in Britain; all his later ones were published in China. 3) Last year this time they were busy working on their dissertations; now they are serving in a university. 4) Each team was allowed the following: 10 kilos of food, including fruit, water and salt; and ample petrol
20、. 5) The summer is hot and short; the winter is long and cold.,Functions and Usage,4. The colon (:). Mainly two functions and usage: A. To indicate that something is to follow, especially a formal statement or series. B. To introduce quoted material, particularly if the question covers more than one
21、 sentence.(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Keys to Task 5, The Colon,1) But as he spoke he turned his head and looked at Fords coat: “it was a good coat”, and Patterson thought about it a lot as he kept his eyes on the road in front. 2) He called out politely: “Good night!” 3)
22、One day I should turn around and say: “Oh shut up, youre much better at English and geography!” 4) The villagers showed their fear of the new machine: the women averted their eyes, the children became silent, and the men muttered uneasily to one another.,Functions and Usage,5. Dash (). Mainly three
23、functions and usage:A. To emphasize a word or phrase at the end ofa sentence. B. To summarize or conclude an involved sentence.(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Functions and Usage,6. Parentheses ( ). Three main functions and usage: A. To enclose an explanation, abbreviation, qu
24、alification, or example B. To indicate cross reference C. To repeat a sum of money previously stated in words in business transactions(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Functions and Usage,7. Exclamation mark (!). To indicate excitement, shock, or anger. 8. Question mark (?). To
25、indicate a question.(See the samples in your course book and do the tasks),Keys to Task 6,1) People typically vacation at five places: mountains, beaches, historical sites, religious places, and big cities. 2) Jiang Zemin said: “Today, when we mark the victory of the Long March, we are remembering t
26、he glorious deeds of Red Army, summarizing the history experience of the Long March, carrying forward the revolutionary spirit of the Long March, and continuously pushing forward the great cause pioneered by the veteran revolutionaries.” 3) Time is short; one month is not a long time.,Keys to Task 6
27、,4) During the primary stage we normally give this education in one type of school according to the age of the child: that is to say, all except the relative few who go to independent or private schools. 5) From any given bit of teaching some learn more than others: we teach some lessons when everyb
28、ody seems to learn something, and other lessons when nobody seems to learn anything.,Keys to Task 7,Although this branch of the chemical industry is the one with which the general public most frequently comes into direct contact, it is nevertheless one about which many misconceptions exist. Plastics
29、 are often spoken of as though there was little difference between the various kinds; in fact, they differ enormously in their properties. Plastics are often thought as new substitutes; in fact, they have been in use for a century. Plastics are often regarded as cheap substitutes for other and better construction materials such as wood, metal, and natural textiles; in fact, many have found favour on their own merits and often are far from cheap.,
