1、,Words and Expressions,I. Understanding,Text StudyUnderstanding,Answer the following questions:,1. What are the two things Americans try to save?,Time and labor (Para. 1),Time is regarded as _. (Para. 2),2. What does time mean to Americans?,Text StudyUnderstanding,precious resources,They do everythi
2、ng _. They start talking business _. They work hard at the task of saving timeby _ .,3. How do Americans do everything? 4. When do Americans start talking business? 5. How do Americans save time?,Text StudyUnderstanding,(Para. 3-7),in a rush,quickly,producing a steady flow of labor-,saving devices,6
3、. Whats the conclusion?,Text StudyUnderstanding,The foreigners _ from those of American. (Para. 8),have different ideas,To successfully solve a problem and to fulfill a job with speed is taken by _ as a sign of,skillfulness,being competent,The _ consider it properto _ .,foreigners,take time doing th
4、ings,Americans,Text StudyUnderstanding,II. Structure Analysis,General Statement + Illustration + Emphasis,A. The Writing Model of the Passage:,Text StudyStructure Analysis,What is the General Statement ?,What is the illustration?,What does the writer emphasize?,The general statement (Para.12),Text S
5、tudyStructure Analysis,What does the writer want to tell us ?,time-conscious,Americans are _ .,Illustration: (Para.37) the foreigners first impression of the U.S,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Para.3: Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush. Para.4: Americans start talking businessquickly. Para.5-7: America
6、ns work hard to save time.,Emphasis by contrast (Para.8),Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness todo things quickly, while the foreignersconsider it proper to take time doing things.,Text StudyStructure Analysis,B. The way to develop paragraphs:,The writer presents the general statement by givi
7、ng specific details, then telling thereasons.,Text StudyStructure Analysis,General Statement + Specific Details + Reason,Work with your partner and find out the General Statement, the specific details and the related reasonin Paragraph 3:,Tips,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Text StudyStructure Analysi
8、s,General statement:,Specific details :,_ _ _,city people, hurrying to ,working time, precious ,drivers, abrupt, people, push past ,The reason:,_.,This is because people value time highly,_.,Everyone is in a rush often under pressure,Paragraph 7 is also developed in this way. Now pick out the genera
9、l statement, specific details and the reason in it.,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Text StudyStructure Analysis,General statement:,Specific details :,_ _,_,everyone, telephone, conduct business ,telephones, save, feet, time ,Telephone service, superb, postal service,The reason :,_.,The U.S. is definit
10、ely a telephone country,efficient ,III. Summary,Americans are _ people. They value time and save it carefully. Time is a real, _ resource to them so every minute must _. Foreigners may think Americans are always _ _ and under pressure. Smiles, short conversations, and small exchanges with strangers
11、dont exist because Americans dislike “_” too much time. Americans assess others _ rather than socially, so they,count,in a,precious,wasting,time-conscious,professionally,Text StudySummary,(to be continued),hurry,start talking business immediately since they are always _ of time. Americans work hard
12、at _ time by producing a steady flow of labor- saving devices. They may have meetings using equipment like television screens and telephones rather than _ . Solving a problem or doing a job successfully _ is taken as a sign of _. The more important the job, the more time and effort Americans will _
13、it.,in person,with speed,saving,skillfulness,conscious,pour into,Text StudySummary,Active Expressions,Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3. the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.,whereas , 却；而,“whereas” is used to show the contrast.,Why are some can
14、cers cured by chemotherapy alone, whereas others are unaffected by drugs?,为什么有的癌症可用化学疗法治愈，而有的癌症却一点都不受药物影响？,有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。,Some people like fatty meat, whereas othershate it.,Chinese to English,Word Using,Matching Game,fall behind sb./sth.落在.后面,他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。,Hes been falling behind his group me
15、mbers in English.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,become bit by bit further behind,e.g. She hurt her ankle and fell behind the others. 她的脚踝受伤了，所以落在了其他人后面。,budget vt. plan carefully how much of sth. will be needed （为.）作出安排,1. The government has budgeted 10 million dollars for education spending. 2. 她
16、已学会了怎么精心安排自己的时间。,政府在预算中拨款一千万美元作为教育经费。 2. She has learned how to budget her time carefully.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,budget vi. plan the spending of money carefully 制定预算,As a student, you have to learn how to budget. 作为学生，你得学会如何制定开支计划。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,n. |C the amount of money
17、a person or organization has to spend on sth. 预算 They are preparing the companys advertising budget for 2011. 他们正在制定公司2011年的广告预算。,acute a.1. quick to notice sth. 敏感的；敏锐的 e.g. Dogs have an acute sense of smell. The critical professional requires unusually acute observation. 评论家需要非常敏锐的观察力。 2. very ser
18、ious or severe 严重的 The president suffered acute embarrassment from this news. 这一新闻使总统十分难堪。 派生词： acutely adv.尖锐地，剧烈地 acuteness n.敏锐,剧烈,restless a. unable to keep still because one is nervous, bored, or impatient 烦躁的；不安静的 e.g. After one month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 这工作他干了一个
19、月就感到厌倦，于是决定不干了。 restlessly ad. in a restless manner; impatiently 烦躁地；不安静地 e.g. She walked back and forth restlessly in her room. 她焦躁不安地在房间里走来走去。 Translation: 他焦躁不安地走来走去，点燃了一支烟。 He moved about restlessly, lighting a cigarette.,abrupt a. 1. (of behavior) rough; offensive 粗鲁的，无礼的 The manager was offend
20、ed by his abrupt reply. 经理被他的粗鲁的回答激怒了。 2. sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的 The abrupt departure of my middle school English teacher surprised everyone. 我初中英语老师突然离去，使大家都很吃惊。 派生词：abruptly ad.突然地,意外地 abruptness n.粗鲁,莽撞 abruption n.分裂,分离,ritual a. done regularly and in the same way 例行的；惯常的 Every day the wo
21、rk begins with the ritual greetings. 每天的工作以例行的问候开始。 n. |C, U sth. done regularly and in the same way 惯例 (pl. rituals), 仪式，程序 Wives make a ritual of their household duties.家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。 搭配：conduct/perform rituals 举行.仪式ritual girl 礼仪小姐,convention n. 1. C, U general, usu. unspoken agreement about
22、how people should act or behave in certain situations 习俗；惯例 Wearing a coat and tie is an accepted convention on such an occasion. 在那种场合，穿外套系领带是约定俗成的穿着要求。 2. C a meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc. 会议；大会 (某一职业、政党等的人士召开的) They hold the annual convention in July. 他们每年7月召开年度会议。 派生词
23、：conventional adj.依照惯例的,传统的 conventionally adv.按照惯例,照常套,照老例 conventionalize vt. 使成为惯例,使习俗化,使样式化,leisure n.1. U time free from work or other duties; spare time 空闲，闲暇 He has some leisure from his studies. 他在学习之余有些空闲时间。 2. U ease 悠闲，安逸 A life of easy leisure makes a man less adventurous. 安逸的生活会使人变得不思进取
24、。 leisurely a. without hurrying 从容的；不匆忙的 Her walked at a more leisurely pace. 他慢悠悠地走着。,assess vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of sb. or sth. 评价，评估 They assessed the value of the house at $600,000. 他们估算这幢房子值60万美元。 They say they can assess intelligence from these tests. 他
25、们声称通过这些测试能对智力进行评估。 派生词：assessment n.评估,评定 assessor n.评税员,估价员 短语：assessment center 评价中心 形近字：asset n.资产, 财产,estimate, appraise, assess, assay, evaluate, 这些单词意思都是对事物价值和重要性的判断。estimate 通常暗指主格的，多多少少有些不准确的估计： difficult to estimate the possible results in advance; 很难估计正在发展的事物的结果；appraise 强调了专家的判断： appraise
26、d the furniture and works of art before distributing them to the heirs. 在把家具和艺术品分散给继承人之前，先对其进行鉴定。 assess 暗指对某物进行金钱上的权威的估计，并以此做纳税的基础： assessing an apartment on the amount for which it is likely to be rented. 因为房子要出租，所以要对它进行估价。 assay 指的是细致的检测，尤指对矿石进行化学分析来测定其质量，优良度以及纯度： cut a minute piece off the ingot
27、 to assay it. 切下一小片金属并分析它。,probe v. try to find out the truth about sth. 调查；探究 1. The matter must be probed to the bottom.这件事必须彻底调查。 2. She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking.她试图探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。 n. C 探针（医生检查伤口用的钝头细长工具） e.g. The doctor lost the probe during the operation. 手术过程
28、中，医生弄丢了探针。 搭配： probe into 细查, 深究 派生词：prober n.探查者,consequently ad. as a result 因此，所以 I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to spend on food during the last few days of the holidays. 我在假期第一周就用掉了大部分钱，因此最后几天几乎没什么钱买吃的了。 Translation: 我的汽车半路上出了毛病，所以来晚了。 My car broke d
29、own and consequently I was late. 同根词： consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的 consequence n.结果, 后果,device n.1. C a machine or tool for a special purpose 器械，装置 He made a device to make the door shut by itself. 他制作了一种能使门自动关闭的装置。 2. C a way of doing sth. 方法，手段 By various devices he was able to make a huge fortune.
30、 devise vt. create or invent a new way of doing sth. 设计；发明 He devised a plan for getting the jewels out of the country. 他想出了一个把珠宝带出国的计划。,given prep. taking sth. into account; considering 如果考虑到 Given the uncertainty over my husbands future I was left with little other choice. 鉴于我丈夫前途的不确定性，我别无选择。 Tran
31、slation:考虑到环境因素，你做得已经很出色了。 Given the circumstances, youve done really well.,given + n./ that clause , 如果有, 假如；考虑到,conduct vt. 1. carry out 进行；实施 conduct an experiment 做实验 We have been conducting a survey of the region. 我们对该地区进行了调查。 2. act as the path for electricity, heat, etc. 传导（电或热） Copper conduc
32、ts electricity well. 铜具有良好的导电性能。 n. U the way sb. behaves 行为，举止 Nobody can stand such shameless conduct. 没有人能容忍如此不知羞耻的行为。,electronic a. 1. using devices such as radios, televisions, computers, etc. 使用电子设备的 This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本。 Ive only now become familiar with
33、the benefits of electronic banking. 我现在才熟悉电子银行的优点。 2. produced or operated by a flow of electrons |电子的 an electronic address bookan electronic game,电子地址簿 电子游戏,significance n. sing., U the importance of an event, action, etc. 重要性；重要意义 Could you explain to me the significance of this part of the agree
34、ment? 请把合同中这部分的含义给我解释一下好吗？ Translation:几乎没人意识到这一发现的重要性。 Few people realized the significance of the discovery.,increasingly ad. more and more 日益；愈加 Increasingly, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人们逐渐认识到我们的根本问题并不是经济问题。 Translation: 这个国家日趋富足昌盛。 The country became inc
35、reasingly rich and successful.,superb a. extremely good 极好的 The sports center is superb. 这个体育中心是一流的。 Translation: 从窗外看去，景色壮丽。 The view from my window is superb.,competent a. having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc. 有能力的；能干的；胜任的 e.g. My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesnt hav
36、e much patience. 我的秘书完全能够胜任工作，只是耐心不够。 Translation:他的工作做得相当出色。 He did a competent job. 派生词：competence n.能力, 技能 competently adv.胜任地,适合地,incompetent,capital n. sing., U 资本；资金 Our return on capital has more than doubled since 2000. 2000年以来, 我们的投资收益翻了一番还多。 1. Sydney is the capital of Australia. 2. She is
37、 a capital singer .(一流的，极好的) 3. In this sentence, the word BIG is in capitals. 4. There is no capital punishment in some countries.(处死刑的，致命的) 5. Proper nouns are spelled with a capital letter.,account for,珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎么花的。,Jenny had to account to her father for every penny she spent.,Words and E
38、xpressionsWord Using, give a satisfactory explanation for ,account for,Girls account for half of the class.,女生占了我们班一半人数。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using, be a proportion of sth.,run out 1. (of food, money, etc.) there is none left 用完；耗尽 Their supplies soon ran out. 他们的供给很快就用完了。 2. use all of sth. an
39、d not have any left 用完；耗尽 We can see that the manager is running out of his patience. 我们可以看出，经理快没耐心了。 The printer has run out of paper. 打印机的纸用完了。,II. Matching Game,_ superb _ budget _ acute _ skillful _ restlessly _ conduct,a. carry out b. impatiently c. excellent, outstanding d. fine, sharp e. havi
40、ng or showing ability to do sth. well f. plan the spending of,f,c,d,e,b,a,Words and ExpressionsMatching Game,III. Chinese to English,停滞不前 消磨时间 要价 承受压力 生活节奏 开场白/寒暄 礼节性交往 邮政服务 金钱的奴隶 直接接触,stand still kill time charge (money) for sth. be under pressure pace of life opening exchanges ritual interaction p
41、ostal service slave to money personal contacts,Words and ExpressionsC to E,Structure Writing,Practical Writing,I. Structure Writing,A General Statement Supported by Specific Details & Reasons,Normally, a writer presents his statement at the beginning of a paragraph, and supports it with specific det
42、ails, then hell briefly tell readers the reason(s).,WritingStructure Writing,A general point : Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life.,Specific details: 1. Computers measure brain activity. 2. Computers evaluate and treat sickness. 3. Computers in car show us routes, ta
43、ke money from our bank. 4. Home computers take care of regular duties at home.,The reason: Computers are working efficiently.,WritingStructure Writing,Decide the topic.Write the topic sentence .Turn the topic sentence into HOW & WHY question. Before writing, outline details & reasonsof the questions
44、.,Tips for writing effective sentences:,WritingStructure Writing,Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life. Computers could measure brain activity to determine the quality of our work. Doctors will use computers to evaluate and identify motor problems, figure out repair co
45、sts and locate repair shops. Home computers will take care of regular duties at home, help with homework and order food. This is because computers can work more efficiently for us.,WritingStructure Writing,Vocabulary Ex. III, page 7,charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent,6. assessi
46、ng 7. fulfill 8. Conducting 9.consequently 10.significance,Vocabulary Ex. IV. page 8,1behind 2. at 3. in 4. out 5. to,6.to 7. in 8. with 9. but 10.for,Vocabulary Ex. V. page 9,L 2. C 3. D 4. N 5. O,6.A 7.E 8.G 9.I 10.K,Word Building VI page 10,commitment 2. attraction 3. appointment 4. impression 5.
47、 Civilization 6. composition,7. confusion 8. congratulation 9. consideration 10. explanation 11. acquisition 12. depression, page 10,advisable 2. desirable 3. favorable 4. considerable,5. remarkable 6. preferable 7. drinkable 8. acceptable,VIII page 11,1. much less can he write English articles 2. m
48、uch less can he manage a big company 3. much less could he carry it upstairs 4. much less have I spoken to him 5. much less to read a lot outside of it,IX page 11,1. Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. 2. We th
49、ought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just very shy. 3. We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. 4. Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. 5. Some praise him highly, whereas others put him down severely,
