（通用版）2016高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解（课件+试题）（打包15套）.zip

阅读 理解是高考英 语试 卷中分 值 最高的 题 型，做好 阅读 理解是取得高分的关 键 。 高考 阅读 理解要求考生不 仅 要能正确理解文章的表 层 意思， 还 要能通 过 表 层 意思合理地推断出文章的 隐 含意 义 。一、 选 材特征1．体裁丰富， 题 材广泛，突 显 出 语 言与文化想 结 合的特点。 选 文涉及各种体裁，考 查 最多的是 说 明文，尤其是国内外的新科技、新 发 明；涉及社会、文化、 经济 、科普、新 闻 和广告等多种 题 材， 时 代感 强 。2． 阅读 量大， 长难 句多。 课标 全国卷的 阅读 理解文章一般是 4篇， 15个 题 ，文章 长 度在 300词 左右，复 杂 句式 较 多。3.原汁原味。 阅读 材料多 为语 言原汁原味、真 实 反映国内外生活的文章 ,并且 贴 近生活、 贴 近 实际 、 贴 近考生 ,可 读 性 强。二、命 题 特征1． 设题类 型基本与往年一致，以事 实细节题 和推理判断 题为 主。各个 题 型的分布逐步成熟且 趋 于平 稳 。2．从 题 干到 选项 都具有灵活巧妙、含蓄 隐 蔽、迂回曲折等特点，考生必 须 在明确 题 意。排除干 扰 ，找出依据的前提下， 经过 深刻思考才能得出答案。3． 题 目 设 置包含易、中、 难题 ，以中等 难 度 题 居多。三、命 题预测预计 2016年高考 阅读 理解文章的 选 取仍将以原版的英文材料为 主，在 语 言、 选 材、思想等方面会有更大的突破， 语 言将更加地道，内容将更加 贴 近生活，命 题 将更加 强 调对 考生 综合运用 语 言的能力的考 查 。随着使用全国 课标 卷的省份的增加， 阅读 理解文章的信息量将加大， 对阅读 速度的要求 进 一步增加。将会更加重 视对语 篇分析能力、推 测 能力的考 查 ，而减少 对 事 实细节 的考 查 ，更加突出高考的 选 拔功能。(2015·高考全国卷 Ⅰ )Salvador Dali (1904­1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938， works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning， the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限 )． “From the infinity small to the infinity large， contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum­theatre in Figueras， ” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作 )with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid， Spain， and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.【 解 题导语 】 本文是一篇 说 明文。主要介 绍 了巴黎蓬皮杜艺术 中心展 览 了 萨 尔 瓦多 ·达利众多的 艺术 展品，以帮助人们 了解 萨 尔 瓦多 ·达利的作品 风 格。28． Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A． Optimistic. B． Productive.C． Generous. D． Traditional.[尝试 解答 ] ________B[试题 分析 ] 推理判断 题 。由第一段中的 The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more.可知，巴黎蓬皮杜 艺术 中心的展 览汇 集了达利 200多件油画、雕塑、 绘 画等作品，由此可以推断出他是一个多 产 的(productive)艺术 家。 对 于他的 “乐观 ”、 “慷慨 ”和 “传统 ”，文中没有信息句支持。故 选项 B正确。29.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A． One of his masterworks.B． A successful screen adaptation.C． An artistic creation for the stage.D． One of the best TV programmes.[尝试 解答 ] ________A[试题 分析 ] 细节 理解 题 。由第一段中的 Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory.可知，The Persistence of Memory是达利最 优 秀的作品之一，即杰作之一。故 选项 A正确。根据第一段最后一句． works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.可知是其他作品与 stage， screen，television programmes有关，而不是 The Persistence of Memory这 部作品，故排除 B、 C、 D三 项 。30． How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A． By popularity.B． By importance.C． By size and shape.D． By time and subject.[尝试 解答 ] ________[试题 分析 ] 细节 理解 题 。根据第二段中的 The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，达利的作品展 览 是按照 时间 和主 题组织 的。 对 于按照 “流行度 ”“重要性 ”“尺寸和形状 ”等 这样 的形式，文中并无信息支持。故 选项 D正确。D31． What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A． Artworks. B． Projects.C． Donations. D． Documents.[尝试 解答 ] ________[试题 分析 ] 词义 猜 测题 。最后一段 强 调 了 对 主要作品 进 行了精 选 (the fine selection of the major works)，又点明contributions来自其他机构，所以可推断出 contributions应该属于 works的范畴。故 选项 A正确。A要想 顺 利通 过 高考英 语阅读 理解部分，学生必 须 具 备 《 高中英 语 新 课 程 标 准 》 规 定要达到的 词汇 量和固定短 语 量、熟悉 语 法 结 构，拓 宽 知 识 面，熟悉各种 题 材和体裁的文章，提高 阅读 速度，提高通 过阅读获 取信息的能力。一、解 题 策略1． 带 着 问题 ，速 读 全文首先要掌握 问题 的 类 型 ,分清是客 观 信息 题还 是主 观 判断 题。其次，了解 题 干以及各个 选项 所包含的信息，然后有 针对性地 对 文章 进 行 扫读 ， 对 有关信息 进 行快速定位，再将相关信息 进 行整合、甄 别 、分析、 对 比，有根有据地排除干 扰项， 选 出正确答案。2．找准主 题 句，确定中心思想。每篇文章均 讲 述一个主 题 ，不管它有几个段落，它 们 都 围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想，即抓住了关 键 。随后搜寻 关 键词 、主 题 句，捕捉 时 空、 顺 序、情 节 、人物、 观 点，并且理清文章脉 络 ，把握 语 篇 实质 。速 读 全文 对 于主旨大意 题 的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。3．精确推理，深 层 理解。深 层 理解主要包括 归纳 概括 题 (中心思想，加 标题 等 )和推理判断 题 ，是 阅读 理解中的 难 点。深 层 理解是一种 创 造性的思维 活 动 。它必 须 忠 实 于原文；要以文章提供的事 实 和 线 索为 依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣 测 ；它要求 读 者 对 文字的表面信息 进 行分析、挖掘和 逻辑 推理，不能就事 论 事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基 础 。4．猜 词 悟 义 ，清除 阅读 障碍。在做 阅读 理解 时 ，常常会遇到不 认识 的 单词 、看不懂的句子等。 这时 考生不要 紧张 ，而 应 运用学 过 的 语 言知 识 ，通过逻辑 思 维 ，去推断出此 单词 和整个句子的含 义 。我 们 要学会 “顺 藤摸瓜 ”，通 过 构 词 ， 语 法，定 义 ，同位， 对 比，因果，常 识 ，上下文等 线 索确定 词义 、句意。5．重叠 选项 ，定位答案。通 过题 干返回原文，判断四个 选项 ，抓住 选项 中的关 键词，把 选项 定位到原文的某 处 比 较 ，重叠 选项 ， 选 出答案。注意要有 选 一个答案的理由和不 选 其余三个的理由。同 时还应 了解正确答案的特征： ① 正确答案 经 常与中心思想有关。② 正确答案的位置，最常 见 的三个位置是：段首段尾 处 、 转折 处 、因果 处 。 ③ 正确答案 经 常运用的原 则 ：同 义 替 换 、正话 反 说 、反 话 正 说 。 ④ 从 语 气角度来看，正确答案中 经 常含有不肯定的 语 气 词 和委婉表达的用 词 。 ⑤ 正确答案 经 常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只 见树 木不 见 森林。二、 备 考策略有了 较 高的英 语阅读 理解能力，考生 还 要掌握 备 考策略，这样 才能确保在高考中取得英 语阅读 理解 题 的高分。1． 摆 正心 态 ，静心 阅读 。在考 试 中， 阅读 理解是大 题 ，量大分高，考生既不能害怕、胆怯，又不能急躁、 轻敌 、草率 应 付，而 应该 静下心来，仔细阅读 。2．先 题 后文，快准作答。考 试时 不必像平 时 学 习 那 样 ，学 习 、掌握文章中的每一个单词 、短 语 或句子，而只要抓住 问题 的答案即可。考 试时，可以先看 试题 ，然后有 针对 性地找出与 问题 相关的信息句，比 较试题 中的 选项 ，从而快速、准确作出 选择 和判断。3．先易后 难 ，最后攻 坚 。对 于信息直白、把握性 较 大的 试题 果断作答；而 对 于 难 度较 大或模棱 两可的 试题 ，首先 在文章中 标 出与其相关的信息，然后根据 上下文 语 境仔 细 斟酌、理解，通 过联 系上下文，仔 细 思考，作出决定；而 对 于个 别难 度特 别 大的 试题 ，则 可以放到最后再解决。4．相信直 觉 ，不留空白。有 时 ， 对 于个 别试题 开始 觉 得 A 项 正确，而 继 续 看下去 时又 觉 得 B 项 或 C项 也有道理，于是考生开始迷茫。 这时 ，若 有 时间 ，可将相 关信息再次 审读 、理解，比 较这 两 项 的差异，再决定哪一 项 更符合 试题 的要求。若没有 时间则 要相信自己的直 觉 ，大胆作答，不留空白。第一 讲 细节 理解 题[命 题 分析 ]细节 理解 题 在 历 年高考卷中占很大比例，几乎占据了 阅读 理解 总题 量的 “半壁江山 ”。 这类题 考 查 考生 对阅读 材料中的某一具体事 实 和 细节 的理解。此 类 型的 试题 ，有 时 比 较 直接，理解字面意思即可作答；有 时则 比 较间 接，需要概括、比较 、 计 算后才能作答。 纵观 近三年新 课标 全国卷，考 查难度有所增加，由 简单 的 寻 找信息 转 向多 层 次 细节 推理的 趋势 比较 明 显 ，主要表 现 在： (1)答案跨段落搜集； (2)题 目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致； (3)需将几个信息 综 合起来才能得出答案。 抓住文段中的事 实 和 细节 是做好 该类题 的关 键 。解 题 原 则 ：忠 实 于原文及全篇的 逻辑 关系，决不能主 观 臆断。直 接 信 息 题直接信息 题 的 选项 中多采用原文中的信息 进 行直接考 查 。在做 题时 ，考生迅速找到原文中与 题 干要求相 对应 的信息，把选项 内容与原文内容 进 行 认 真 对 比即可确定答案，常用 who， what， when， where， why， how 等提 问 。 此 类题 目相 对简单 ，只要考生 认 真 细 心，得分就会比 较 容易。(2015·高考全国卷 Ⅰ )Monthly Talks at London Canal MuseumOur monthly talks start at 19： 30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book.They end around 21： 00.November 7thThe Canal Pioneers， by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．December 5thIce for the Metropolis， by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells， and how London’s ice trade grew.February 6thAn Update on the Cotswold Canals， by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.March 6thEyots and Aits—Thames Islands ， by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Online bookings： www.canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMore info： www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondon Canal Museum12­13 New Wharf Road ， London NI 9RTwww.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobiTel： 020 7713 0836【 解 题导语 】 本文 为 一篇 应 用文。介 绍 了英国的 London Canal Museum分 别 在十一月、十二月、二月和三月 举 行的四次 monthly talks的相关信息，包括名称、主 讲 人、主要内容，并附加介 绍 了具体 联 系方式等信息。21． When is the talk on James Brindley?______A． February 6th. B． March 6th.C． November 7th. D． December 5th.C【 解析 】 细节 理解 题 。根据 题 干关 键 信息 词 James Brindley直接定位到原文第二段，尤其是关 键 信息句 James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.和 Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”．。由此可以知道 November 7th这 一天的 报告是关于 James Brindley的，故 选择 C项 。 A、 B、 D中三个日期的 报 告均未提到有关 James Brindley的信息。1细节理解题A(2015·江西九江市高三一模)Founded in 1764 by French traders, St.Louis today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the USA.There are many attractive destinations for tourists.American Kennel Club Museum of the DogDog lovers who visit St. Louis won’t want to miss this 14，000­square­foot museum.Inside are over 500 paintings, watercolors, and a variety of other dog art objects.The museum is open all the year round, Tuesday through Saturday 10 am to 4 pm, and Sunday 1 pm to 4 pm.Admission is $5 for adults, $2.50 for students, and $1 for children up to 10.Anheuser­Busch Brewery The Anheuser­Busch Brewery tour is not just for beer lovers.The tour includes the historic Brew House, where visitors can enjoy how beer is made.Then the tour continues to the modern Bevo Packaging Plant.The best will be the Budweiser Clydesdale Stables.The tours are always free.Gateway ArchDesigned by Eero Saarinen and Hannskarl Bandel, it took over two years and 900 tons of stainless steel to build.It is the tallest of the country’s national monuments.The arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.About one million people per year come to the top of the arch, where there is an observation platform providing a great view of the city.St.Louis ZooFirst version of the St.Louis Zoo opened in 1904 at the St.Louis World’s Fair, but in the century it has grown into one of the foremost zoos in the world.The Zooline Railroad, a passenger train takes visitors around the zoo, which contains over 9，000 animals of over 800 species.The zoo is open every day but Christmas and New Year’s Day, with summer hours of 8 am to 7 pm, and the rest of the year of 9 am to 5 pm.Admission to the zoo is free.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国名城圣路易斯四处供游客参观的地方。1．If you (a student) plan to visit the American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog with your parents and your five­year­old brother, how much will you pay?A．$8.5. B．$12.C．$13.5. D．$16.解析：选 C。数字计算题。根据第三段中的“Admission is $5 for adults，$2.50 for students, and $1 for children up to 10”可知，$2.50＋$5×2＋$1＝$13.5，故选2C项。2．Which of the following can you visit if you are interested in how to make beer?A．American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog.B．Anheuser­Busch Brewery.C．St.Louis Zoo.D．Gateway Arch.解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据 Anheuser­Busch Brewery中的“The tour includes.how beer is made.”可知，选 B项。3．What can we know about the Gateway Arch from the passage?A．It was made of stones.B．President Jefferson was buried there.C．You can see the city clearly on the top of the arch.D．It was built in two years.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据 Gateway Arch中的“it took over two years and 900 tons of stainless steel to build”可知 A项和 D项错误；根据 Gateway Arch中的“The arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.”可知，此处不表示 Jefferson葬在那儿，B 项错误；根据此段最后一句话可知 C项正确。4．At the St.Louis Zoo, you can visit all animals there ________．A．by train B．by bicycleC．by bus D．on foot解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据 St.Louis Zoo中的“The Zooline Railroad, a passenger train takes visitors around the zoo, which contains over 9，000 animals of over 800 species.”可知，选 A项。B(2015·江西临川一中月考)A cup of wild rice will produce around 3－4 cups of cooked rice.Many people prefer not to add salt when cooking wild rice.However，personally I always add a little salt to the rice to balance its taste.Wild rice takes longer time to cook than white rice，but it has many nutrients.Here are three main ways to cook wild rice.How to Cook Wild Rice in Saucepan●Take 2/3 cup of wild rice，take two and a half cups of water，and around 1/2 teaspoon salt or according to taste.● Wash the wild rice three times with hot tap water and drain it properly.● Take a saucepan and heat the rice，water and salt till it boils.● Reduce the heat and cover the pan with a lid.● Let the mix simmer(文火炖)till the rice becomes tender(软的)，and has absorbed the water.The perfect time of cooking wild rice，till it becomes tender can be anywhere between half an hour to 45 minutes.How to Cook Wild Rice in MicrowaveFor this recipe，you will need three cups of water or vegetable soup for vegetarian recipes or chicken soup for non­vegetarian recipes，and 1/2 teaspoon of salt and one cup of wild rice.● Wash the rice properly and let it drain.3● Combine the water or soup with wild rice and mix salt in it.● Microwave on high setting for 5 minutes.● Then microwave the rice on medium or 50% power setting for half an hour.● Let the rice stand for 15 minutes.● Drain the rice and it is ready to eat.How to Cook Wild Rice in Rice CookerTo cook this recipe you will need 3 and 1/2 cups of water or soup，one cup of wild rice，and teaspoon of salt.● Wash the rice three times with hot water.● Spray a little butter or olive oil on the rice cooker.● Add water and salt into the cooker，mix them together and add rice.● Cover the cooker for around 40 minutes or till the rice cooker switches off.● Let it stand for 10—15 minutes and serve.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了用三种不同炊具烹制野稻米的方法。5．To cook wild rice in a saucepan，you should________．A．cook it as soft as you canB．pay special attention to the cooking timeC．cook it without being covered till it becomes very soft D．let the mix simmer till it becomes very soft解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文章 How to Cook Wild Rice in Saucepan部分中 Let the mix simmer(文火炖)till the rice becomes tender(软的)可知。6．How long does it take to cook wild rice in a microwave?A．About 30 minutes. B．About 50 minutes.C．More than two hours. D．Less than 40 minutes.解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据文中 Microwave on high setting for 5 minutes.Then microwave the rice on medium or 50% power setting for half an hour.Let the rice stand for 15 minutes.可知总共时间为 50分钟。7．Which of the following is the right order when cooking wild rice in a rice cooker? a．add water and salt b．oil the cooker c．add rice d．wash the ricee．cover the cookerA．d－b－a－c－e B．d－b－c－a－eC．b－d－a－c－e D．b－d－c－a－e解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据 How to Cook Wild Rice in Rice Cooker中的信息可知用电饭煲做野稻米饭的正确顺序是：淘米、在电饭煲里加油、加水和盐、加米、盖上电饭煲。故选 A项。1细节理解题(一)A(2016·辽宁五校联考)Washington D．C.is No.1It is best known as a city of monument.In the middle of traffic circles or on street corners，you’ll find statues，plaques (匾牌)，and simple blocks of marble there.They honor the people who helped shape the US.And on Oct.20， Lonely Planet，one of the world’s largest travel guides，named Washington D．C.the No.1 city in its list of “Best in Travel 2015”．“The year 2015 is a fantastic year to visit Washington D．C.， ” Tom Hall，editorial director of Lonely Planet，told The Guardian. “The 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination(暗杀) makes this year big for Washington D．C.The famous top hat of American’s 16th president and the gun that fired the deadly shot will be on display.Add that to its incredible eats，performing arts and museums.The nation’s capital is looking better than ever.”There are a lot of free museums in the city.When British scientist James Smithson died in 1829，he left a will giving his money to the United States to open a museum at Washington，under the name of the Smithsonian Institution.It has turned out to be a wonderful gift，and the institution now covers 19 museums.And of course，no Washington tour is complete without seeing the White House，the Capitol，and the Supreme Court，which are home to the three pillars (核心) of the US government.But there is more to explore in the center of US power.It is a city you can walk across，with wide­open avenues，old neighborhoods，and river views.And as USA_Today notes，diversity is another reason to “fall in love with the city”． “There is a lot of diversity in Washington D．C.，seen in its people，its neighborhoods and its landmarks.From Chinatown to Little Ethiopia，visiting the nation’s capital is like seeing the world in one trip， ”said the newspaper.【解题导语】 本文列举种种理由力证华盛顿是 2015 年最值得旅游的地方。1．One of the reasons why Washington D．C.is worth a visit in 2015 is that ________．A．food and performing arts there are much better than anywhere else in the worldB．the top hat of 15th president of America will be on show in the year 2015C．seeing the museums will make your tour in Washington D．C.completeD．the diversity of the city offers you an opportunity to see more in one 2trip解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“diversity is another reason to ‘fall in love with the city’”和“From Chinatown to.in one trip”可知，多元化的华盛顿可以让你在一次旅行中看到更多，故选 D 项。2．Which of the following details is right according to the article?A．The 150th anniversary of Lincoln’s assassination makes the tour more worthwhile.B．The first reason why Washington D．C.is worth a visit is that it is the capital of the country.C． Lonely Planet decides to make Washington D．C.a most­visited place in 2015.D．All the museums in Washington D．C.were named after the Smithsonian Institution.解析：选 A。正误判断题。根据第三段中的“The 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination(暗杀) makes this year big for Washington D．C.”可知，林肯被刺杀 150 周年纪念将成为华盛顿旅游的一大亮点，A 项正确；B 项文章中并未提到华盛顿值得一游的第一个原因是它是美国的首都；C 项歪曲原文， 《孤独星球》的编辑主任介绍了 2015 年华盛顿的情况，但并不是他们决定让华盛顿成为 2015 年最值得旅游的城市；D 项说所有的博物馆太过绝对。3．What is USA Today，according to the last paragraph?A．A well­known company.B．A newspaper.C．An advanced institution.D．A website.解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“And as USA_Today notes.said the newspaper”可知， USA Today 是一份报纸。B(2015·沈阳市教学质量检测)Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley，offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet.However，due to their high price，they have failed to catch on until now.Recently，Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of button.The$500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one，and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream.Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity.Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google，where some employees have even installed treadmill(跑步机)and bicycle desks.The desk is not the first“convertible” on the market.As early as 2013，Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk.The$3，890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself，converting it into a standing desk or a traditional desk.The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly，making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the users to change their positions.To move between sitting and standing positions，owners 3simply double tap on the screen.The desk can learn the user’s preferences and suggest the best seating position.The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of ex­Apple and Disney engineers.It has a built­in touch screen to control and track movement，and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working days.It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones，to keep cables hidden.“Ikea’s height­adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market， ”said JP Labrosse，founder and CEO of Stir Kinect.【解题导语】 站立式办公桌对人们的健康有益，但是它的价格高昂。最近，宜家公司推出了一种价格相对便宜的可调节高度的站立式办公桌。4．What is the text mainly about?A．Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk. B．Silicon Valley offered health benefits to officials.C．Google formed its tech firms to design bicycle desks.D．The Stir Kinect desk will become mainstream in the market.解析：选 A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是，Ikea(宜家公司)最近推出了一种价格相对便宜而且可调节高度的站立式办公桌，故 A 项正确。5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Before Bekant desk，similar adjustable desks have been widely used.B．The seated desks will take the place of the standing desks in the future.C．Compared to the Stir Kinect desk，the Bekant desk is much cheaper.D．The adjustable desks were designed by the Apple and The Walt Disney Company.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，the Stir Kinect desk 的价格是$3，890；根据第一段可知，the Bekant desk 的价格是$500。由此可知，选 C 项。6．The Stir Kinect desk________．A．can breathe in and breathe out by pressing the button onceB．can charge phones by using a device containing a power pointC．can tell you how many calories you need for a walkD．can advise you to do more exercise at a proper time解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones”可知，the Stir Kinect desk 上面有电源插座和 USB 端口，可以给手机充电，故 B 项正确。7．What can we infer from the last sentence given by JP Labrosse?A．Ikea’s adjustable desks will be popular with average people.B．Ikea will have to sell furniture at a lower price in the future.C．This height­adjustable table can only be found in Ikea.D．It is not necessary for Ikea to open up the market at all.解析：选 A。推理判断题。最后一段 JP Labrosse 所讲的话的意思是：宜家公司所推出的可调节高度的办公桌能很好地打开低端市场。由此可推断，宜家公司的可调节高度的办公桌将会受到普通人的欢迎，故 A 项正确。C4(2015·广西南宁市第二次适应性测试)LSE Summer School，located in the heart of London，is the largest university summer school in Europe.Our courses are suitable for those who are at，or are about to start university.Our school will begin accepting applications in March 2015.CoursesAccounting，Finance，Law，Economics，Business and International Relations.DatesSession One: 6 ­ 26 July; Session Two: 27 July ­ 14 August.RatesThe student rateThe standard rateOne Session ￡1，775 ￡2，500Both Sessions ￡2，975 ￡4，250•The student rate applies to all full­time students who are studying at a university or college anywhere in the world.•Accommodation is not included.•In addition，a ￡ 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application.Applicant_requirementsIf you have studied in the UK，you don’t need any additional English qualifications.Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at our school.However，you will enter the UK as a “Student Visitor”．Course changes are permitted before the start of the programme and within three days of the session.Contact_hours_and_teaching_methodsLSE Summer School courses are full­time and normally consist of 48 hours over the three­week period，taking the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes.Lectures，attended by all students，take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small one­hour classes of approximately 15 students.Assessment_and_examinationsAssessment for LSE Summer School is based on the results of either two written examinations，or a final written examination and assessed work.Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded a certificate and transcript.If you have any questions，please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.【解题导语】 本文对 LSE 暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍，以吸引更多的学生前来学习。8．You will probably find the passage ________．A．in a magazine B．in a newspaperC．in a textbook D．on a website解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“If you have any 5questions，please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us”可知，此文可以在网上看到，即 D 项正确。9．According to the text，Jack，a full­time student in London，will at least pay ________ for his one­session programme in LSE Summer School.A．￡ 1，775 B．￡ 1，825C．￡ 2，500 D．￡ 2，550解析：选 B。数字计算题。根据表格可知：一个学期的学费至少为 1 775 英镑，又根据下文的“In addition，a ￡ 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application”可知，杰克至少要花费 1 825 英镑，即 B 项正确。10．From the text we learn that ________．A．students may have lectures at night at timesB．the two programmes are only designed for foreign studentsC．students who have passed the required examinations will get a certificateD．a visa and fluent spoken English are required to study in LSE Summer School解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据 Assessment_and_examinations 下的“Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded a certificate and transcript”可知，通过考试的孩子可以拿到证书，即C 项正确。11．For what purpose is the text written?A．Attracting students to attend the programmes in LSE Summer School.B．Introducing some famous teachers and courses in LSE Summer School.C．Getting students to know more about the programmes in the UK.D．Offering some cheaper courses for students from the UK.解析：选 A。写作意图题。综合全文，不难看出本文是一篇广告，旨在吸引学生参加LSE 暑期学校的项目，即 A 项正确。(二)A(2016·河北省七校联考)Name：Off the Beaten PathCover price：$30.00Our price：$19.80The Reader’s Digest travel book has 40% new contents including over 200 new sites，over 200 new full­color photographs，and all­new，up­to­date maps.It spotlights over 1，000 of the United States’most overlooked must­see destinations.Name：Container Gardens by NumberCover price：$15.95Our price：$9.49A unique book contains 50 easy­to­follow container designs.Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display，with an instruction of the finished planter and in­depth(深入的)plant information.The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or 6garden.Name：Best Weekend ProjectsCover price：$17.95Our price：$13.96Choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space.The projects are practical， as well as attractive，and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend.These 80 well­designed projects are presented in a clear，easy­to­follow style that addresses readers in an accessible，user­friendly tone.Name： 1801 Home RemediesCover price：$40.00Our price：$29.96Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home.Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound.Dozens of conditions are covered，from headaches，sunburn，bad breath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，to hiccups(打嗝)．【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。1．You can most probably read the passage in a ________．A．reference book B．travel guideC．newspaper D．textbook解析：选 C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选 C 项。2．What makes Off the Beaten Path different from other books?A．It is the most popular book.B．It doesn’t offer a discount.C．It contains colorful pictures.D．It focuses on people’s daily life.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有 200 多个新的景点，200 多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选 C 项。3．Which book offers the biggest discount?A． Off the Beaten PathB．1801 Home RemediesC． Best Weekend ProjectsD． Container Gardens by Number解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Cover price”和“Our price”价格计算比较可知， Container Gardens by Number 打折最多，故选 D 项。B(2016·河南洛阳市高三统一考试)All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking.Today，well­mannered children have more freedom.Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.7Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have？They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say， “Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating together.People show good manners by turning their backs to others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town？People try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.People will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.【解题导语】 不同时代、不同地域、不同国家有不同的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。4.People turn their backs to others while they eat in some places in ________．A．Mongolia B．an East African townC．Polynesia D．Arabia解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen.while they eat”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。5.In an East African town，people try not to see you.This is because ________．A．they are not your friendsB．they don’t want to talk with youC．it is good mannersD．they are waiting for you to talk with them解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“They are being polite”可知，C项正确。6.Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Which should be a supporting paragraph to the idea?A．The first one. B．The second one.C．The sixth one. D．The third one.解析：选 C。细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，然而在波利尼西亚的一些地区被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C 项正确。7．The best title of the passage should be“________” ．8A．Some bad mannersB．Different kinds of mannersC．The importance of mannersD．Some good manners解析：选 B。标题判断题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了不同地区的不同礼仪，因此 B项正确。C(2016·云南省第一次联考)If hacking(黑客侵入) taught us anything in 2014，it’s actually nothing.The password management firm SplashData released its list of the worst passwords of the year and it’s just as terrible as you’d think.The most common leaked password in 2014 was “123456” followed by “password”—both topped the list the year before，too.While numbers were as popular as ever as passwords，sports terms like “ baseball” and “football” were used more often.Birthday years were common too (especial