1、辽宁省大连市旅顺口区 2018 届高三第二次联考英语试题第一部分 听力（省略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFrom visiting museums to watching Changing the Guard, there are some amazing experiences for you to get while in London. Here we pick some of the best free activities in Lon
2、don.Changing the GuardFor a display of British ceremony, watch Changing the Guard outside Buckingham Palace. This is where one member of Queens Guards exchanges duty with the old guard. Both guards are dressed in traditional red uniform and bearskin hats, and the handover is accompanied by a Guards
3、band. Guard Mounting takes place at 11:30 am. It is held daily from May to July, and on alternate(间隔的) dates throughout the rest of the year.Sir John Soanes MuseumSir John Soane was an architect. During his lifetime he collected some valuable antiquities from all four corners of the globe. They are
4、now on display in Sir John Soanes Museum which gives a real insight into the life of this outstanding Victorian gentleman.Geffrye MuseumA very unique experience, the Geffrye Museum, located in 18th century almshouses, gives a fascinating insight into the lives of the British middle classes from the
5、1600s to the present day. Explore a series of room sets, complete with furnishing and textiles from each period.Hogarths HouseHogarth was very famous and criticized 18th century society in his engravings(雕刻), such as A Harlots Progress, A Rakes Progress and Marriage-a-la-Mode. As the name suggests,
6、Hogarths House is where he lived before he died in 1764, and its here that youll find the largest collection of his paintings on public display.Bank of England Museumhe splendid Bank of England Museum traces the history of the bank from its foundation by Royal Charter in 1694 to its role today as th
7、e countrys central bank. here are many items you have never expected to see.1. What can we learn about the ceremony of Changing the Guard?A. Visitors need to pay when watching the ceremonyB. The ceremony is held at 11:30 am every day throughout the yearC. Visitors can listen to some music at the cer
8、emonyD. Changing the Guard involves two groups of guards every time2. What can we learn from the text?A. Sir John Soane was a painter who lived in the Victorian eraB. Hogarths paintings were criticized by other painters of his timeC. The Bank of England Museum no longer functions as a bank nowD. Sir
9、 John Soanes Museum is a good place to see old and valuable objects3. What would be the best title for this text?A. Free London Attractions B. Active Life in LondonC. Famous Museums in London D. Enjoy Your Stay in London【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A【解析】本文是一篇应用文,主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些免费的著名景点。1. 细节理解题。根据“the handover is a
10、ccompanied by a Guards band”可知交接仪式有音乐伴奏;根据第一段内容可知,这些活动都是免费的,因此 A 项错误;根据“Guard Mounting takes place at 11:30 am.It is held daily from May to July,and on alternate(间隔的) dates throughout the rest of the year.”可知,这种仪式只在 5 月份到 7 月份是每天进行的,因此 B 项错误;根据“This is where one member of Queens Guards exchanges dut
11、y with the old guard.”可知,是两个卫兵交班,而不是两队,因此 D项错误。故选 C。2. 细节理解题。根据第二条信息可知,John Soane 生前收藏了很多有价值的古董。游客可以在 Sir John Soanes 博物馆观看到历史悠久、珍贵的展品。故选 D。3. 主旨大意题。根据文章首段 From visiting museums to watching Changing the Guard, there are some amazing experiences for you to get while in London. Here we pick some of th
12、e best free activities in London.得知本文主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些免费的著名景点。故选 A。【名师点睛】3 A【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意中的（1）一一标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。【答案定位】根据第一段中的 From visiting museums to watching Changing the Guard, there are some amazing e
13、xperiences for you to get while in London. Here we pick some of the best free activities in London.可知，本文主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些免费的著名景点【推理关系】题干 What would be the best title for this text?.文章内容 From visiting museums to watching Changing the Guard, there are some amazing experiences for you to get while in London
14、. Here we pick some of the best free activities in London.概括总结本文主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些免费的著名景点标题【答案】根据 Here we pick some of the best free activities in London.总结概括文章A 选项 Free London AttractionsBChristmas at the mountain cline would have to wait. The banks beside Mary Breckinridges Wendover, Kentucky, clinic we
15、re ruined after a heavy rain. She had to find a way to get her five patients to the hospital in Lexington.With a neighbors help, Mary and the nurses built a boat. They named it Ambulance, and on the morning of December 30,1926. Mary another nurse, and the patients set off down the river. After sixte
16、en wild miles on the dangerous river, they arrived at the train station in Krypton. As she watched the train pull away with her patients safely on board. Mary smiled and waved.Mary had not planned to be a nurse. She was the daughter of a wealthy Kentucky politician. As a child, Mary was influenced b
17、y her family who had always been concerned about the poorer people of the state. When she grew up, Mary was inspired to become a nurse. So in 1925 Mary hired a few British-trained nurses and, with some money from her family, started the Frontier Nursing Service in Wendover, Kentucky.Before Mary and
18、her nurses came, the mountain people lived a hard life. Families made so little money that they could not afford doctors or medicine. Many children had diseases and nearly every person was malnourished for lack of food.Mary and the nurses built clinics and a small hospital deep in the forests of Les
19、lie County. There were no paved roads, electricity, or telephones. Each day the nurses rode on horseback to outlying farms, often in bad wenther, to answer calls for help. They worked hard to keep an eye on their patients.To the grateful mountain people, Mary and the nurses seemed to be everywhere.
20、They treated everything from cut fingers to pneumonia(肺炎), gave shots, and delivered babies. The proud countrymen liked the nurses because they treated everyone with respect.The Frontier Nursing Service grew. Today their Nursing Service reaches far beyond the Kentucky mountains. Medical professional
21、s from all over the world come to Wendover to study rural health care in action. When these men and women go back to their own countries, they are prepared to help people in need.4. How did Mary Breckinridge get her five patients to Krypton?A. By train B. By carC. By water D. On horseback5. The unde
22、rlined word “malnourished” in Paragraph 4 most probably means .A. mysterious B. lacking nutritionC. careless D. in danger of dying6. We can learn from the text that Mary Breckinridge .A. remains a great influence on health care todayB. wanted to set up more clinics to help the sickC. wiped out disea
23、ses in the Kentucky mountainsD. trained all of her assistants herself7. What is the main idea of the text?A. Mary and her family were always helpful to othersB. The Frontier Nursing Service set up many branchesC. Rural nurses found creative ways to transport supplies and patientsD. Mary and other nu
24、rses provided kind medical care to rural people【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】本文讲述了前线护理服务人、先锋护士-玛丽布莱金瑞奇给山区人民提供现代医疗护理的事迹。4. 推理判断题。根据第二段 With a neighbors help, Mary and the nurses built a boat. They named it Ambulance, and on the morning of December 30,1926. Mary another nurse, and the patients set off do
25、wn the river. 得知在邻居的帮助下，玛丽和护士们建造了一只船运送病人们。故选 C。5. 词义猜测题。根据第四段 Families made so little money that they could not afford doctors or medicine. Many children had diseases and nearly every person was malnourished for lack of food.得知当地家庭赚钱少请不起医生，很多孩子患病，由于缺少食物几乎人人营养不良。故选B。6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Medical profession
26、als from all over the world come to Wendover to study rural health care in action.得知世界各地的医学专家们来到温多弗学习医疗护理，可以推断出玛丽布莱金瑞奇仍然影响着今天的医护行业。故选 A。7. 推理判断题。根据上下文得知本文重点讲述了包括玛丽布莱金瑞奇在内的一些护士们给山区人民提供医疗帮助的事迹。故选 D。C“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger
27、,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.In her Study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a gi
28、ven day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before and after quit day.Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had
29、 stuck with it-more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said theyd
30、 rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If youre training for a marathon, you wouldnt expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, Well, if I gradually reduce, its like practice,” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasnt the case. Instead
31、 of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if youre ready to quit, quitting abruptly
32、is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, thats acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, sh
33、e says, they can maximize the odds of success.8. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?A. She quit smoking with her daughters helpB. She was also a researcher of tobacco and healthC. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokersD. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly9. What kind of
34、 support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawleys study?A. They were given physical trainingB. They were offered nicotine replacementC. They were encouraged by psychologistD. They were looked after by physicians10. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawleys exper
35、iment?A. It is encouraging B. It is unexpectedC. It is impractical D. It is misleading11. Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking .A. is something few can accomplish B. requires a lot of patienceC. needs some practice first D. is a challenge at the beginnin
36、g【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C【解析】牛津大学的 Lindson-Hawley 的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，因此他现在研究这一课题。通过研究 700 名成年的吸烟者，她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可得出 Lindson-Hawley 的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且戒地很突然、很彻底。A、B、C 选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选 D。9. 推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句话，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用 nicotine replacement(尼古丁替代疗
37、法)之外，还使用 nicotine patches 尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的 talk therapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，故选 B。10. 细节理解题。根据文中第五段后半部分 Dr. Gabriela Ferreira 的引语部分，其中她提到“It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it.”得知 Dr. Gabriela Ferreira 认为 Lindson-Hawley 的研究结果令人鼓舞，故选 A。11. 推理判断题。根据第五段第 2 行以及上下文，可确定本题
38、在文中的定位信息处为“And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, well, if I gradually reduce, its like practice.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习， A、B、D 选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选 C。【名师点睛】4.C【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的
39、指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。答案需要从文章的第五段第 2 行以及上下文， And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, well, if I gradually reduce, its like practice进行推断。【答案定位】根据第五段第 2 行以及上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“And I think people s
40、ee that for smoking as well. They think, well, if I gradually reduce, its like practice.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，【推理关系】题干 Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking .文章内容 And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, well, if I gradually reduc
41、e, its like practice.” 【答案】if I gradually reduce, its like practiceC 选项 needs some practice firstDI was at my parents dinner table. Before me was a worn journal of thin and discolored pages. It was my grandfathers journal and now belonged to my father. My grandfather had passed away in the months le
42、ading up to my birth. I never got to visit the places he had frequented and the people who had been a part of his lifes journey.I was now about to enter his world, through the words he had left behind. Within minutes, I was captivated by the power of the written words. In the magical script before m
43、e. I was transported to another age when food was an everyday art, planned, prepared and enjoyed in the company of others, and a time when people had the heart to pause their own lives to embrace(拥抱) each others struggles. All this was conveyed to me in the beauty of the words that flowed together t
44、o connect with the writers mind and understand the world they lived in.That kind of writing seems to be lost on us today. We have gotten used to writing in bite-sized pieces for a public looking for entertainment, and hungry fro information. No wonder, there are nearly 200 million bloggers on the In
45、ternet and a new blog is created somewhere in the world every half a second. Instead of adding to our collective wisdom, most of these writings reflect the superficiality(肤浅) and impatience of our day and age.This not only robs us of the skill of writing impressive essays, it also prevents us from e
46、xploring what is indeed important. Writing humbles(使谦卑) us in a way that is vital for our character growth, by reminding us about the limits of the self and our appropriate place in the vast flow of life. Writing frees us by helping us explore the unknown so that we really open up to magic of the wo
47、rld around us. I saw all of this in the writing of my grandfather. And Ive seen it again and again in the writings of the greatest thinkers of humanity. Their writing reflect deep thought on issues of human importance.12. The underlined word “captivated” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “
48、”.A. puzzled B. frightenedC. attracted D. defeated13. In the authors grandfathers age, people .A. lived a hard lifeB. cared about each otherC. were fond of writingD. treated food as an art14. The author begins the text with her grandfathers journal in order to .A. show her respect to her grandfather
49、B. present the importance of good writingC. express her interest in reading as well as writingD. raise the problems with todays writing15. In the last paragraph, the author is trying to .A. discuss what good writing is likeB. express her strong desire to learn writing skillsC. stress the effects of her grandfathers journal on herD. show her admiration for her grandfathers writing【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A【解析】本文讲述了作者被已逝爷爷留下的日记上的话语深深吸引，并引发出作者对现代人写作肤浅的忧虑。作者认为写作能帮助我们探索未知的世界，优秀思想家的作品反映了对人性的深思。12
