1、造血干细胞移植相关肺部并发症 Pulmonary complications after hematopoietic cell transplantation,Company Logo,overview,Infections,Phases of opportunistic infections among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients,,Company Logo,Pre-engraftment,中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞缺乏、粘膜炎、粘膜屏障破坏、吞咽困难、误吸 常见病原菌: 细菌:E coli.、铜绿假单胞菌、链球菌 病毒:
2、流感病毒A/B、副流感病毒(PIV3)、RSV、h MPV 真菌:念珠菌、曲菌 427Allo-SCT, 1月内肺部感染,4%细菌性,9%真菌性,2%病毒性11.Aguilar-Guisado M, Jimnez-Jambrina M, Espigado I, et al. Pneumonia in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients: a multicenter prospective study. Clin Transplant 2011; 25:E629.,,Company Logo,曲霉菌,,Company Logo,曲霉菌,
3、,Company Logo,,Company Logo,念珠菌肺炎,1.28Y/M,AML,移植后 2.23Y/M AML 3.25y/M M1a 4.45y/M Franquet T, et al. Pulmonary candidiasis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: thin-section CT findings. Radiology 2005; 236:332.,,Company Logo,,Company Logo,肺水肿pulmonary edema,肺水肿-Butterfly,,Company Logo,植入综合
4、征,Auto-SCT中7-10%,Allo-SCT较少发生 NEU#上升,7-11天 发热、皮疹、体重增加、低氧、非心源性肺水肿、腹泻,,Company Logo,A. d0正常CXR, B. d +7,皮疹, d +11CXR间质性肺水肿,T升高, 用激素治疗后好转。 Chest Radiographic Features of Engraftment Syndrome.Ravenel, James; Scalzetti, Ernest; Zamkoff, Kenneth Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 15(1):56-60, January 2000,,Comp
5、any Logo,植入综合征:肺小叶间隔增厚.,心源性肺水肿:中心性分布,血管扩张,植入前,,Company Logo,植入后-感染,3周至3月,细胞及体液免疫缺陷 3月后,cGVHD及治疗 细菌:肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、军团菌、诺卡菌、放线菌;(第1年) 分枝杆菌:TB及NTM,Allo-SCT后,1-3%,香港5.5%(10/183).IV型超敏反应抑制PPD 病毒:CMV,呼吸道病毒(流感V、副流感、RSV、腺V、人偏肺V),HHV-6; 真菌:曲菌、其他侵袭性真菌、PCP; 寄生虫:弓形虫 Ip MS, Yuen KY, Woo PC, et al. Risk factors for
6、 pulmonary tuberculosis in bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1173.,,Company Logo,,Company Logo,植入后-感染,肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌 军团菌、诺卡菌、放线菌,TB、NTM,弓形虫,曲菌、PCP、其他,CMV,呼吸道病毒(流感V、副流感V、RSV、腺V、人偏肺V)HHV-6,原因:3周至3月细胞及体液免疫缺陷,3月后cGVHD及治疗,D+66诺卡菌,D+55绿脓杆菌,,Company Logo,CMV,,Company Logo
7、,E L Gasparetto.etal Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation: high resolution CT findings. The British Journal of Radiology, 77 (2004), 724727 ,,Company Logo,流感及副流感病毒有季节性,淋巴细胞减少常见,植入前较植入后更常见 副流感病毒:潜伏期1-4天,,,Company Logo,真菌,曲霉菌,d+100,高龄、GVHD、GC、NEU# PCP,,Company Logo,TB,特发性肺炎综合征 -
8、idiopathic pneumonia syndrome,10% 4月内(中位D19始) 定义: - 广泛性肺泡损伤 影像学多叶受累+肺炎症状体征+肺功能异常P(A-a)O2,PaO2. - 相隔2-14天,2次BAL或肺活检无感染证据 - 无自身抗体升高 病理机制尚不清楚 发病率与预处理方案有关, 1100患者,清髓IPS 8%,非清髓2% 大剂量放疗、CTX、BU Fukuda T, Hackman RC, Guthrie KA, et al. Risks and outcomes of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after nonmyeloablati
9、ve and conventional conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2003; 102:2777.,,Company Logo,IPS,表现:呼吸困难、低氧、干咳 诊断:BAL、肺活检 治疗:糖皮质激素 1mg/kg (30天死亡率约75%) 发现BAL中某些细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-a升高伊那西普或英夫利昔,28天生存率73-88%,1年生存率20-30%。,,Company Logo,胸膜下或气管旁GGO 病理:肺泡、肺泡间隔、气管壁淋巴细胞
10、浸润 Tanaka N, Kunihiro Y, Yujiri T, et al. High-resolution computed tomography of chest complications in patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Jpn J Radiol 2011; 29:229.,,Company Logo,弥漫性肺泡出血 -Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage,发病率80%,,Company Logo,闭塞性细支气管炎-Bronchiolitis obliterans
11、BO,NIH共识认为BO是cGVHD唯一的肺部表现 发病率210%,无GVHD者25.5%,GVHD14% 死亡率13%-23% 危险因素:cGVHD,ABO血型不合,高龄,PBSCT,某些病毒感染Ditschkowski M, Elmaagacli AH, etal.Bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT: further insight-new perspectives?Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013 Sep;48(9):1224-9. Epub 2013 Feb 25,闭塞性细支气管
12、炎-Bronchiolitis obliterans BO,左:H-E染色显示细支气管和支气管周围纤维化、单核炎症细胞浸润。 右:弹性组织染色细支气管的弹性层和受压管腔 马赛克征,机化性肺炎Organizing pneumonia,特发或与肺部放疗、GVHD、CMV感染有关 边界不清的间质浸润与GGO 诊断:病理 治疗:激素,,Company Logo,恶性疾病,HCT后原发病复发、继发淋巴组织增殖性疾病 PTLD:免疫抑制EBV特异的细胞毒性T细胞缺乏Scarsbrook AF, Warakaulle DR, Dattani M, Traill Z. Post-transplantation
13、 lymphoproliferative disorder: the spectrum of imaging appearances. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:47.,,Company Logo,肺泡蛋白沉积病 -Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP,“蝙蝠翼”样阴影,铺路石样改变,肺泡内充填脂蛋白样物质,,Company Logo,肺溶血性栓塞- Pulmonary cytolytic thromb PCT,病因不明,d70d400 a/c GVHD? 未成年人常见 发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难 CXR正常,HRCT: 外周小结节 病理:中小肺静脉内
14、嗜碱性物质(细胞破裂碎片)栓塞,网罗有单个核细胞肺出血性梗死 激素可能有效,,Company Logo,PCT 胸膜下小结节 嗜碱性栓子、网罗单个核细胞,肺静脉闭塞症 -Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease PVOD,d+100 呼吸困难、DLCO、限制性通气功能受损 肺动脉高压、影像学肺水肿证据、PAWP正常,,Company Logo,肺静脉闭塞症 -Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease PVOD,间质细线() 、片状磨玻璃影 (). 动脉增粗(), 静脉直径正常( ).,药物毒性和放射性肺炎,肺毒性的化疗药物,如 BU,CTX,BC
15、NU,西罗莫司 放射治疗及TBI 急性放射性肺炎 412周 晚期放射性肺炎 612月,结缔组织病,HCT后31个月 硬皮病、PM、SS、ANCA相关血管炎 清髓、GVHD NIP、LIP、弥漫性肺泡损伤、OB 抗Scl-70、ANCA、抗SM、RF等(+),,Company Logo,,Company Logo,,Company Logo,,Company Logo,Auto-SCT,异 无GVHD,无需免疫抑制剂 病毒(CMV、VZV、RSV、HSV等)罕见 机会性感染少,同 粒缺4-6周细菌、真菌等感染 药物及放射性肺损伤、弥漫性肺泡出血,,Company Logo,Approach to patient with respiratory symptoms or signs,时间 (植入前/后) 病情发热、呼吸困难、低氧、WBC计数、起病缓急、抗生素疗效 病史:移植前病原学CMV、HSV、HZV、EBV、弓形虫:狗、猫、鸟接触史;结核、真菌暴露史:用药史MTX、BU、CTX、GC 检查:CT/CXR、血/BAL病原学、活检,,Thank You !,