1、Before Reading,1.Warm-up Exercises,Journey on the Paper,Brainstorming,Clone,2.Background Information,Stephen Hawking,Albert Einstein,Frankenstein,BR_Main,Journey on the Paper,BR_warm_Journey on the Paper,Now lets go on a journey through the most spectacular 100 years in the history of science and te
2、chnology to have an overview of how our understanding of the world has grown from 1900 to today.,MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH - Medicine and Health,BR_warm_Journey -MATTERS -,Patients battle illness, while doctors can do little more than counsel（劝告）and comfort them and keep them clean.,Doctors treat an
3、d often cure patients with a vast array (一大批) of medicines and medical technologies, but some diseases are still incurable.,MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE - Physics and Astronomy,BR_warm_Journey -MYSTERIES,The Milky Way galaxy（星系）(including some unexplained nebular clouds（星云）) is the known universe. Newt
4、ons laws explain the physical world. Matter is composed of atoms.,The Milky Way is just one galaxy among countless millions we have observed in the universe. There is no set of laws that explains all phenomena in the physical world, although there are many theories. Atoms are composed of many subato
5、mic particles, all of which derive from（来自于) energy.,BR_warm_Journey- RESEARCH,RESEARCH INTO OURSELVES - Human Behavior,Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies (治疗) and medications. We know a great deal about the chemistry and the parts of the brain that control our behavior and thou
6、ghts.,There is no cure for the mentally ill, who are confined to insane asylums (精神病院). “Mind” and “body” are thought of as two separate things.,BR_warm_Journey- FCB,FASTER, CLOSER, BETTER - Technology,Millions worldwide will watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television, transmitted instantaneously
7、(瞬间地) by satellite. The news will spread as well by radio, newspaper, and the World Wide Web.,ORIGINS - Earth and Life Science,BR_warm_Journey -ORIGINS,The plates (板块) that make up the Earths crust (地壳) move over time, causing earthquakes and volcanoes. The Earth is known to be 4,500 million years o
8、ld. The genetic code of DNA, which drives evolution, is better understood every day.,Brainstorming,BR_warm-Brainstorming-Brainstorm some,1.Brainstorm some of the scientific and technological inventions.,e-mail,mobile phone,clone,nuclear weapons,laptop (笔记本电脑),nanotechnology(纳米技术),geneticengineering,
9、Brainstorming,BR_warm_Brainstorming-Discussion,2.Discussion,?,Do all these inventions always change our lives for the better? Give examples to explain your opinion.,BR_warm_Clone-new,1.news Listen to the three pieces of news about clone.,News 2 In April 1998,News 1In Feb. 1997,News 3 In Feb. 2003,BR
10、_warm_Clone-new-1,In February 1997 a group of geneticists(遗传学家) led by Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, announced that they had cloned a sheep from the mammary gland tissue(乳腺组织) of a six-year-old ewe(母羊), the first time scientists have been able to clone an adult mammal(哺乳
11、动物).,BR_warm_Clone-new-2,Dolly, the first-ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, with her first lamb, named Bonnie, is seen at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland in this image on April 23, 1998. Dolly, who was naturally mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain
12、ram（公羊）, gave birth to Bonnie on April 13, proving that despite her unusual origins, she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.,BR_warm_Clone-new-3,Dolly, the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, has been put down after she was found to have a lung
13、disease, the Roslin Institute in Scotlands capital Edinburgh said on Feb 17, 2003. “She was suffering from an incurable disease,” said Dr Harry Griffin, after Roslin released a statement saying the decision had been taken to put Dolly down after she contracted（感染）progressive lung disease.-,BR_warm_C
14、lone-Discussion,2. Discussion,What is your attitude towards clone?,Clone is a member of a group of organisms or plants produced non-sexually from one ancestor.,The suggested ethical and practical arguments both for and against cloning：,For:,Animals from endangered species could be cloned to prevent
15、extinction. 2. Cloning would be a good source for organ and bone marrow (骨髓) transplants. 3. Sterile （不育的）couples will be able to have offspring who will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern.,Technology is not well developed. It has a low fertility rate（出生率）. In cloning Dolly, 277 eggs
16、 were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived to term (临产). 2. Clones may be treated as second-class citizens and the unknown psychosocial harm with impacts on the family and society. 3. Loss of genetic variation.,Against:,BR_warm_Clone-Ads-1,Use attention-grabbing
17、images and snappy（简洁） yet informative language in your ads. You might find models of such images and language in other public service advertisements, such as examples can be found at www.tobaccofreekids.org and www.badvertising.org. ),ones that discourage people from smoking.,Decide for yourself whi
18、ch side of the issue to support and then plan a public service advertisement campaign for or against cloning.,3.Ads Designing,(A few good,the,BR_warm_Clone-Ads-2,smoking,BR_Background _Stephen Hawking-main,Stephen Hawking,1. Brief Introduction to Stephen Hawking,2. Chronology of Stephen Hawking,3. M
19、ain Achievements of Stephen Hawking,BR_Background _Stephen Hawking- 1.Stephen Hawking,Stephen Hawking (1942 ): British theoreticalphysicist and mathematician,1. Brief Introduction to Stephen Hawking,BR_Background _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking -1,2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking,-1942 Born in,-195
20、8 Entered and became especially interested in thermodynamics（热力学）, relativity theory, and quantum mechanics （量子力学）. -1962 Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the .,University of Cambridge,Oxford, England.,Oxford University,BR_Backgr
21、ound _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking1-1,2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking,Oxford University,BR_Background _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking-1-2,2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking,University of Cambridge,BR_Background _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking-2,2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking,-1966 Earned his P
22、h.D. degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).,“I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as
23、 possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.”,BR_Background _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking -3,2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking,- 1977 Became a professor of physics. - 1979 Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambri
24、dge, a post once held by Isaac Newton.,This is a picture of Stephen, Isaac New-ton and Albert Einstein.,BR_Background _ 2.Chronology of Stephen Hawking -3. Main Achievements,singularity,(A point in space-time at which the space-time curvature（曲率）becomes infinite.),(A region of space-time from which
25、nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.),black hole,A Brief History of Time,3. Main Achievements,(One of his books to make his work accessible to the public.),BR_Background _ 2. Albert Einstein-Quiz,Do the quiz to see how much you know about Albert Einst
26、ein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? _,Albert Einstein Quiz,A. Electromagnetism and gravitation.,B. Fission（裂变）and gravity.,C. Electricity and the speed of light.,D. Nuclear en
27、ergy and electromagnetism.,BR_Background _ 2. Albert Einstein-QuizA,A,A. Electromagnetism and gravitation.,B. Fission（裂变）and gravity.,C. Electricity and the speed of light.,D. Nuclear energy and electromagnetism.,Do the quiz to see how much you know about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover t
28、he governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? _,Albert Einstein Quiz,BR_Background _ 2. Albert Einstein-QuizB,B,A. Electromagnetism and gravitation.,B. Fission（裂变）and gravity.,C. Electricity and the speed of light.,D.
29、 Nuclear energy and electromagnetism.,Do the quiz to see how much you know about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? _,Albert Einstein Quiz,BR_Background _ 2. Albe
30、rt Einstein-QuizC,C,A. Electromagnetism and gravitation.,B. Fission（裂变）and gravity.,C. Electricity and the speed of light.,D. Nuclear energy and electromagnetism.,Do the quiz to see how much you know about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried
31、to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? _,Albert Einstein Quiz,BR_Background _ 2. Albert Einstein-QuizD,D,A. Electromagnetism and gravitation.,B. Fission（裂变）and gravity.,C. Electricity and the speed of light.,D. Nuclear energy and electromagnetism.,Do the quiz
32、to see how much you know about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? _,Albert Einstein Quiz,BR_Background _2. Albert Einstein-Monologue,Albert Einstein (18791955) I
33、was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. As you may know, 1905 was a big year for me. Thats when I turned the world upside down, at least for scientists, with several new ideas. I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a whole new way - that Newtons view of space and time was inaccurate. These
34、 ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2. Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity. The general theory showed that gravity is not a force, as Newton had thought. It is instead a curvature（曲率） of the space-time continuum.,Monologue,
35、BR_Background _Albert Einste,Albert Einstein (18971955),1. Quiz about Einstein,2. Monologue of Einstein,3. Do you know?,BR_Background- 2. Albert Einstein -Do You Know?-1,Einstein could not find a job in physics upon graduating from college, and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office
36、. He worked on theoretical physics in his spare time.,Do You Know?,2. Einstein did not receive a Nobel Prize for his theory of relativity.,3. Einstein immediately left Germany for the United States following Hitlers rise to power.,BR_Background-3. Do You Know?-2,4. Einstein spent much of his later c
37、areer searching for a unified field theory, but was unsuccessful.,Do You Know?,5. Einstein declined the presidency of the state of Israel when it was offered to him in 1952 by state leaders.,6. The element einsteinium（锿）, discovered in 1952, was named in honor of Albert Einstein.,BR_Background-3.Fra
38、nkenstein,This is a horror film about a doctor who builds a monster out of dead body parts and brings it to life using electricity, based on the novel by Mary,Frankenstein,Shelley.,Global Reading,1. Chart Completion,2. Part Division of the Text,For Part I Questions and Answers,For Part 2 Skimming,Fo
39、r Part 3 True or False,GR_Main,3. Further Understanding,1. Chart Completion,GR_1. Chart Completion,shorter,longer,no,yes,no,longer,yes,Simple or compound sentences?,Any passive voice?,Any dialogue?,Any 3rd-person narrator?,Fill in the chart by comparing the first 10 lines of both All the Cabbie Had
40、Was a Letter and Public Attitudes toward Science to see the style differences between narration and exposition.,2. Part Division of the Text,GR_2. Part Division of the Text,132,3362,6967,1,2,3,The public needs education in science so as to make informed decisions on their own fate.,The ways to educa
41、te the public are detailed.,Human civilization will survive if the public understands science well.,Parts,Lines,Main Ideas,GR_3. Further Understanding part1-1,1.What is the attitude of some people towards the changes brought about by science and technology?,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part I Questio
42、ns and Answers,2.What was life like before science and technology began to change our way of life?,Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.,For the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.,GR_3. Further Understa
43、nding part1-2,3.What would happen if all government money for research were cut off?,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part I Questions and Answers,4.Is it possible to prevent science and technology from further development? Why or why not?,The force of competition would still bring about advances in tech
44、nology if all government money for research were cut off.,No. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this would not succeed.,GR_3. Further Understanding For Part 2 Skimming,Skim part
45、 2 to find out a mini-exposition.Topic sentence: How to educate the public in science?,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 2 Skimming,Supporting point 1:,science education in schools,Supporting point 2:,Supporting point 3:,making use of popular media such as newspapers, magazines and above all TV,repla
46、cing equations with words and diagrams,1.Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke.,GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 3 True or False,T,( ),2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insuffi
47、cient development of the science and technology.,3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong.,F,F,( ),( ),GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False,1.Our civilization is more advanced than other alien civilizations according to the joke.,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 3
48、True or False,( ),2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology.,3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong.,F,F,( ),( ),GR_3. Further _For Part 3 True or False,1.Our civilization is more adva
49、nced than other alien civilizations according to the joke.,3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 3 True or False,T,( ),2.We have not been contacted by an alien civilization because of the insufficient development of the science and technology.,3.The author has had sufficient evidence to prove that the joke is wrong.,F,( ),F,( ),After Reading,1. Antonyms,
