1、甲 型 流 感 病 毒 H1N1 亚 型 （ 记 作 A(H1N1)或 H1N1） ， 也 称H1N1 病 毒 ， 是 甲 型 流 感 病 毒 的 一 种 ， 也 是 人 类 最 常 感 染 的 流 感病 毒 之 一 。 一 些 H1N1 的 种 类 可 以 在 人 类 间 传 播 ， 包 括 1918 年的 流 感 大 爆 发 ， 另 一 些 可 在 雀 鸟 和 猪 之 间 传 播 。H1N1 新 型 流 感 （ 猪 流 感 ） 原 是 一 种 于 猪 只 中 感 染 的 疾 病 ，属 于 A 型 流 感 病 毒 ， 常 见 病 毒 为 H1N1、 H1N2、 H3N1 与H3N2。 美 国
2、 疾 管 局 资 料 显 示 ， 美 国 以 前 即 曾 有 人 类 感 染 猪 流 感 之病 例 。 目 前 墨 西 哥 与 美 国 爆 发 的 猪 流 感 疫 情 ， 即 为 H1N1 病 毒所 引 起 ， 但 目 前 对 此 种 结 合 猪 流 感 、 人 类 流 感 的 新 病 毒 型 所 知 不多 。That the sub A type influenza virus H1N1 type (pig flu) occupies first place over the sub type influenza virus H1N1 type (write down doing A (H1
3、N1) or H1N1) , also calls H1N1 virus, is a kind of A type influenza virus , is also one of the influenza virus that human being is affected with most often. A few H1N1 kind can thin out propagation in human being , flu including 1918 outburst , another a few may thin out propagation only in sparrow
4、bird and the pig. The H1N1 new model flu (pig flu) plain is one kind of the disease being affected by among pig god of the earth , belong to the A type influenza virus, the common virus is H1N1 , H1N2 , H3N1 and H3N2. USA disease is in charge of bureau data display , USA is case of once had human be
5、ing to be affected with pig flu previously. The pig flu epidemic situation that Mexico and USA break out at present, is to is aroused by H1N1 virus , what type knows is not at present many but to this kind of union pig flu , new human being flu virus.人是怎样感染甲型 H1N1 流感的？人类疫情现在是人际传播。感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时，飞沫会沾到手上和
6、物体表面，或散播到空气中。另一人则可能吸入污染空气，或触摸受感染的手或物体表面，并有暴露风险。为避免传播疾病，人们咳嗽时应用纸巾掩盖口鼻，并且应当勤洗手。How do people become infected with influenza A(H1N1)?Outbreaks in humans are now occurring from human-to-human transmission. When infected people cough or sneeze, infected droplets get on their hands, drop onto surfaces, or
7、 are dispersed into the air. Another person can breathe in contaminated air, or touch infected hands or surfaces, and be exposed. To prevent spread, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and wash their hands regularly.感染有哪些症状和体征？甲型 H1N1 流感的早期症状类似流感，包括发热、咳嗽、头痛、肌肉和关节疼痛、
8、喉咙痛和流鼻涕，有时会呕吐或腹泻。What are the signs and symptoms of infection?Early signs of influenza A(H1N1) are flu-like, including fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhoea. 目前病毒在猪与人之间传播是否得到了证实？没有证实。Is there any confirmation of transmission be
9、tween pigs and humans at this point?No.大流行警戒级别第 5 级意味着什么？按照世卫组织的警戒级别定义，在世卫组织一个管辖区域中至少有两个国家出现了病毒在社区层面的持续疫情。第 5 级表明大流行已迫在眉睫。What does pandemic alert phase 5 mean?According to WHO definitions of phases - the virus has caused sustained community-level outbreaks in at least two countries in one WHO regio
10、n. At phase 5 a pandemic is considered imminent.什么是社区一级持续性疫情？人与人之间传染，但不清楚从何处传染，即为社区一级持续性疫情。例如，在本次疫情中，人际传播不能追溯至旅行者，或一个封闭的社区，如学校或工作场所。What is a sustained community-level outbreak?A sustained community-level outbreak is when people are getting infected by others but it is not clear where they got infec
11、tion from. For example, in this outbreak, person-to-person transmission cannot be traced back to a traveler, or a single closed community such as a school or workplace.疑似病例与确诊病例有何不同？疑似病例有流感症状，比如咳嗽、发热、头痛、发冷和疲劳，甲型流感检测结果呈阳性，或者与其它可能出现的病例或确诊病例有关。确诊病例为实验室甲型 H1N1 流感病毒检测结果呈阳性的病例。What is the difference betwe
12、en a probable case and a confirmed case?A probable case is one that shows the symptoms of influenza such as cough, fever, headache, chills and fatigue and either tests positive for type A influenza or is considered linked to another probable or confirmed case.A confirmed case is one which tests posi
13、tive in a laboratory for the influenza A(H1N1) virus.世卫组织在哪一时刻认为大流行已经开始？世卫组织大流行防范准则界定为第 6 级。不过，在 5 级和 6 级阶段，国家和地方对疫情的应对行动是在全球范围内从防范转为应对。这两个阶段建议的行动目标是降低大流行对社会的影响。At what point does WHO consider a pandemic to have started?Phase 6, as defined by the WHO pandemic preparedness guidelines. However, during
14、 both phase 5 and phase 6, national and local actions to respond to the outbreak shift from preparedness to response at a global level. The goal of recommended actions during these phases is to reduce the impact of the pandemic on society.是否已有针对甲型 H1N1 新流感病毒的有效疫苗?还没有，但现已着手开发这一疫苗。流感疫苗一般含有已被灭活或减毒的正流行中
15、的流感病毒。疫苗能够调动人体的免疫系统以防实际感染。为尽量发挥保护作用，疫苗病毒必须比较接近正在流行中的“野生型”病毒。由于当前流行的 H1N1 病毒是新病毒，目前还没有包含此种病毒的流感疫苗。制备一种全新的流感疫苗可能需要 5至 6 个月。Is an effective vaccine already available against the new influenza A(H1N1) virus?No, but work is already under way to develop such a vaccine. Influenza vaccines generally contain
16、 a dead or weakened form of a circulating virus. The vaccine prepares the bodys immune system to defend against a true infection. For the vaccine to protect as well as possible, the virus in it should match the circulating “wild-type” virus relatively closely. Since this H1N1 virus is new, there is
17、no vaccine currently available made with this particular virus. Making a completely new influenza vaccine can take five to six months.食用猪肉和猪产品是否安全？安全。并未显示可通过食用经过适当处理和制备的猪肉或其它猪产品将猪流感传播给人。160F/70C 的烹调温度可杀死猪流感病毒，这符合猪肉及其它肉类的一般烹调准则。 Is it safe to eat pork and pork products?Yes. influenza A(H1N1) has not
18、been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handled and prepared pork (pig meat) or other products derived from pigs. The influenza A(H1N1) virus is killed by cooking temperatures of 160F/70C, corresponding to the general guidance for the preparation of pork and other meat.怎样才能保
19、护自己免于感染甲型 H1N1 流感？新的甲型 H1N1 流感病毒的主要传播途径似乎与季节性流感相似，讲话、打喷嚏或咳嗽时产生的飞沫即可传播病毒。要防止受到感染，应避免与有流感样症状的人密切接触（尽可能与之保持大约 1 米的距离），并采取下列措施： 避免触摸口鼻； 用肥皂和水彻底清洗双手，或者定期使用含酒精的手擦清结双手（触摸口鼻或接触有可能污染的表面时尤其予以注意）； 避免密切接触可能生病的人； 尽量减少在人多的地方逗留的时间； 开窗通风，增加室内空气流动； 保持良好的卫生习惯，包括睡眠充足，膳食营养和坚持锻炼。 What can I do to protect myself from cat
20、ching influenza A(H1N1)?The main route of transmission of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similar to seasonal influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing or coughing. You can prevent getting infected by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like sympto
21、ms (trying to maintain a distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures: avoid touching your mouth and nose; clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub on a regular basis (especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surfaces
22、 that are potentially contaminated); avoid close contact with people who might be ill; reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible; improve airflow in your living space by opening windows; practise good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically
23、active. 如何使用口罩？世卫组织的建议是什么？没有生病就不用戴口罩。如果是在照顾病人，在与病人密切接触时可戴上口罩，尔后应立即处理口罩，并彻底清洗双手。如果已经生病，但必须外出旅行或与其他人接触，应掩住口鼻。在各种情况下正确使用口罩至关重要。使用不当可增加传播感染的机会。What about using a mask? What does WHO recommend?If you are not sick you do not have to wear a mask. If you are caring for a sick person, you can wear a mask whe
24、n you are in close contact with the ill person and dispose of it immediately after contact, and cleanse your hands thoroughly afterwards.If you are sick and must travel or be around others, cover your mouth and nose.Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential. Incorrect use actually increa
25、ses the chance of spreading infection.怎样才知道自己患上了甲型 H1N1 流感？没有医生的帮助，很难判断季节性流感与甲型 H1N1 流感有何不同。要注意的典型症状与季节性病毒相似，包括发热、咳嗽、头痛、全身酸痛、喉咙痛和流鼻涕。只有医生和当地卫生部门才能确认甲型H1N1 流感病例。How do I know if I have influenza A(H1N1)?You will not be able to tell the difference between seasonal flu and influenza A(H1N1) without med
26、ical help. Typical symptoms to watch for are similar to seasonal viruses and include fever, cough, headache, body aches, sore throat and runny nose. Only your medical practitioner and local health authority can confirm a case of influenza A(H1N1). 如果认为自己已患上甲型 H1N1 流感，应该怎么办？如果你感觉不适，发高烧，咳嗽和（或）喉咙痛： 尽可能
27、呆在家中，不要上班、上学或去人多的地方。 休息并大量饮水。 咳嗽和打喷嚏时用一次性纸巾掩住口鼻，并适当处理用过的纸巾。 经常和彻底地用肥皂和水清洗双手，特别是在咳嗽或打喷嚏之后。 将你的病情告诉家人和朋友，并寻求他人帮助来处理需要与其它人接触的家务活，比如采购东西。 What should I do if I think I have the illness?If you feel unwell, have high fever, cough or sore throat: stay at home and keep away from work, school or crowds; rest
28、 and take plenty of fluids; cover your nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing and, if using tissues, make sure you dispose of them carefully. Clean your hands immediately after with soap and water or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub; if you do not have a tissue close by when you cough
29、or sneeze, cover your mouth as much as possible with the crook of your elbow; use a mask to help you contain the spread of droplets when you are around others, but be sure to do so correctly; inform family and friends about your illness and try to avoid contact with other people; If possible, contac
30、t a health professional before traveling to a health facility to discuss whether a medical examination is necessary. 如果我需要求医，应该怎么办？ 去看医生或到保健机构看病前先与之进行联系，并报告你目前的症状。说明为什么你认为自己患上甲型 H1N1 流感（例如，你是否最近去过发生甲型 H1N1 流感疫情的国家）。遵循医生给你的治疗意见。 如果无法预先与所在地保健机构取得联系，抵达保健机构后立即说明你怀疑自己患有甲型 H1N1 流感。 外出期间注意掩盖口鼻。 What should
31、 I do if I need medical attention? If possible, contact your health care provider before traveling to a health facility, and report your symptoms. Explain why you think you have influenza A (H1N1) (e.g. if you have recently traveled to a country where there is an outbreak in people). Follow the advi
32、ce given to you. If you cannot contact your health care provider before traveling to a health facility, tell a health care worker of your suspicion of infection immediately after arrival at the clinic or hospital. Cover your nose and mouth during travel. 如果患有流感但感觉还好，是否应该去上班？不应该上班。无论是否患有甲型 H1N1 流感或季节
33、性流感，都应当呆在家里，不去上班，直到流感症状消失。这是一种预防措施，可保护同事和他人不受感染。Should I go to work if I have the flu but am feeling OK?No. Whether you have influenza A(H1N1) or a seasonal influenza, you should stay home and away from work through the duration of your symptoms. This is a precaution that can protect your work colleagues and others.我可以旅行吗？如果感觉不适或有流感症状，就不应当旅行。如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，应该去卫生保健机构就医。Can I travel?If you are feeling unwell or have symptoms of influenza, you should not travel. If you have any doubts about your health, you should check with your health care provider.
