1、3.25经 济 学 人 考 研 雅 思|气 候 控 制Climate control inside outside leave me alone 气候控制让我自己静一静吧The Supreme Court seems inclined to restrain thepower of the EPA 联邦最高法院意欲限制环保局的权力【1】On february 28th a report by a United Nationspanel of experts warned of“irr eversible impacts forpeople and ecosystems”from the con
2、tinued emissionof greenhouse gases.That same day AmericasSupreme Court consider ed how r obust a role theEnvironmental Protection Agency(EPA)has inreducing carbon emissions under the Clean Air Act,alandmark pollution-control law passed in 1963.2月28日，联合国专家小组的一份报告警告称，持续排放的温室气体将“对人类和生态系统造成不可逆转的影响”。同一天，
3、美国联邦最高法院根据清洁空气法案(1963年通过的一项具有里程碑意义的污染控制法案)审议了环保局(EPA)在减少碳排放方面发挥的重要作用。【2】The justices spent little time taking stock of the中文导读联邦最高法院意欲限制环保局的权力1panel/pn()l/n.仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，全体陪审员 vt.嵌镶板 This panel has a crack on it.这块镶板有裂痕了。irr eversible/rvsb()l/adj.不可更改的;不可挽回的,不可反转的 n.不可更改;不可挽回,不可反转 adv.不可更改地;不可挽回地,不可反
4、转地 Technology has had anirr eversible impact on society.技术已对社会产生不可逆转的影响。emission/m()n/n.排放物,散发物(尤指气体)排放,散发,发出(气体、光、热)Cathodoluminescence(CL)spectra show a strong band-edge emission around the V-shape pits.阴极射线的萤光光谱显示了很强的能隙发光强度在V形凹洞的边缘发生。consider ed/knsdd/adj.经过仔细考虑的,经过深思熟虑的 受尊敬的,受尊重的,受推崇的 经过深思熟虑的看法
5、Basic law or tradition was consider ed inviolable.基本法律或传统被认为神圣不可侵犯。r obust/r()bst/adj.强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的 副 词:robustly 名 词:robustness I want somethingsequacious now and r obust.我现在想要前后一贯和健全的东西。emissions/mnz/n.环境 排放；环境 排放物，辐射；发行（emission的复数形式）The government haspledged to clean up industrial emissions.政府已
6、保证要清除工业排放物。landmark/ln(d)mk/n.陆标，地标；里程碑；地界标；划时代的事 The tower was once a landmark forships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。2narr ow/nr/adj.狭窄的，有限的；度量小的；精密的；勉强的 n.狭窄部分，隘路；海峡 vt.使变狭窄 vi.变窄 Living in the convent narr owed her views.修道院生活使她的视野变窄。administration/dmnstre()n/n.实行,执行 管理,经营,支配 政府,内阁 形容词:administrative The collegead
7、ministration will not countenance cheating.大学行政部门不会宽恕欺骗行为3expansive/kspnsv/adj.可扩大的，可扩展的；广阔的；胸襟开阔的，开朗的 副 词:expansively MissHatherby felt expansive and inclined to talk.哈瑟比小姐感到不拘束并愿意说话了。lacuna/lkjun/n.空白,空隙,腔隙,缺陷,陷窝,胞窝,裂口形容词:lacunal 复 数:lacunae lacunas in ones letter信中的几处空白1/7March 5th 2022 United St
8、atesfuture of the planet.Instead,the discussion in WestVirginia v EPA was narr ow and technical.The caseasks whether the EPA may reduce emissions only byregulating techniques and technologies inside powerplantsas the Trump administration believedor ifit may take a broader approach,including policies
9、 toshift to cleaner energy sources.法官们几乎没有花时间评估地球的未来。相反，在西弗吉尼亚州诉环保局一案中，讨论的范围具有很大的局限性，而且多是技术性的问题。该案提出的问题是，美国环保局是否会像特朗普政府所相信的那样，仅仅通过规范发电厂内部的工艺和技术减少排放，或是可能采取更广泛的方法，例如转向清洁能源政策。【3】The more expansive vision for the EPA fuelledBarack Obamas Clean Power Plan(CPP),which theSupreme Court put on hold when the
10、plan faced asheaf of lawsuits in 2016.Donald Trump then replacedMr Obamas regime with a significantly water ed-down plan that met judicial r esistance of its own.Thecourt of appeals for the District of Columbia cir cuitunwound Mr Trumps cancellation of the CPP inJanuary 2021,thr owing the controls t
11、o Joe Biden,whowants to slash emissions by 2030.But the newadministration decided not to revive the CPP,as itsbenchmarks had already been met.According toElizabeth Prelogar,Mr Bidens solicitor-general,theEPA plans to have a new proposed set of rules readyby the end of 2022.环保局更广泛的愿景推动了巴拉克奥巴马的清洁能源计划(
12、CPP)，但该计划在2016年因面临一系列诉讼而被最高法院搁置。随后，唐纳德特朗普用一项与自身司法相悖、大打折扣的计划取代了奥巴马的计划。哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法lawsuits/l,st/n.诉讼，法律诉讼；控诉（lawsuit的复数形式）Janies lawyers say his lawsuits are just ashakedown.简妮的律师们说，他的诉讼只不过是敲诈勒索而已。significantly/signifkntli/adv.显著地；相当数量地Eating garlic can significantly reduce cholesterol in theblood.吃大蒜
13、可以大大减少血液中的胆固醇。water ed/wtd/adj.洒有水的，洒了水的；掺水的；有波纹的；美加虚股的（面值增加而实值未按比例增加）v.浇水，供以水（water的过去式和过去分词）Theland is water ed by these rivers.这片土地受这些河流灌溉。judicial/dud()l/adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的 明断的,公正的 副 词:judicially Tom takes judicialproceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。r esistance/rzst()ns/n.抵抗,反抗,抵抗能力 阻力 电阻,
14、热阻 形容词:resistant To improve thermo r esistance,weather r esistance,water r esistance,gloss,electricproperties.提高耐热性能，耐候性能，防水性能，光泽度，电性能。cir cuit/skt/n.路，回路；环道；圈；巡回 vi.环行vt.绕回环行 The model can calculate short cir cuitcurrent and open cir cuit voltage of microbattery.可以用该型计算出微池的短路流和开路压。cancellation/knsl
15、e()n/n.取消,注销;作废,废除;删去,划掉 被取消的事物(相)约;(相)消 盖销记号；戳记 Thecancellation of the game was a real letdown.比赛取消真是令人失望thr owing/ro/n.投掷运动 The convicted judge wasthrown out of office.The headwaiter threw the disorderlyguest out.被认定有罪的那位法官被逐出了办公室。服务生领班把乱嘈嘈的客人赶了出去slash/sl/vt.&vi.挥砍；鞭打；割破 削减 vt.严厉地批评谴责 时 态:slashed，
16、slashing，slashes 名 词:slasherslash a sleeve.为一条袖子开叉solicitor/slst/n.初级律师 the solicitors clientele.律师的委托人。general/den()r()l/adj.一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的 n.将军，上将；一般；常规.General Bill SullivanKeir Dullea.比利克鲁德普 Billy Crudup.4impending/mpend/adj.即将发生的;迫在眉睫的my impending departure.我即将到来的离别。constrain/knstren/vt.驱使；强迫；
17、束缚 第三人称单数 constrains 现在分词 constraining 过去式 constrained过去分词 constrained Calypso in her caves constrainedhis stay.她洞穴中的卡吕普索强他留下。authority/rt/n.权力,职权 官方,局 权威,专家Through eclectic model effectiveness function isobtained change eclectically authority,expandedthereby change authority method.通过折衷型效用函数获得折衷变权，
18、从而扩展了变权方法。scheme/skim/vt.&vi.策划;图谋 n.阴谋,诡计 计划,方案 时 态:schemed,scheming,schemes 名 词:schemerHis mind bubbles with plans and schemes.他足智多谋。2/7院撤销了特朗普于2021年1月取消CPP的决定，将控制权交给了希望在2030年前大幅削减排放的乔拜登。但新政府决定不重启CPP，认为它的基准已达上限。拜登政府的副检察长伊丽莎白普雷洛格表示，环保局计划在2022年底前准备好一套新的拟议规则。【4】In the meantime power plants chug along
19、representing about a third of Americas carbonfootprintwith no regulations in place.That lacunalent this weeks proceedings an air of surreality,as thecourt typically hears challenges only to current orimpending policies.Ms Prelogar argued that WestVirginia and other Republican states,along with their
20、coal-company allies,lacked standing to sue.Theparties“arent harmed by the status quo”,she said,andare just trying to“constrain EPAs authority”in thefuture.Few justices seemed receptive to this claim.Chief Justice John Roberts said the plaintiffs liked MrTrumps regulatory scheme and“now they dont hav
21、eit”.Thats reason enough,he said,for the case to be“fully justiciable”.与此同时，在没有相关法规的情况下，发电厂仍在继续运转，排放占美国碳足迹的三分之一。这一漏洞给本周的诉讼增添了一种超现实的气氛，因为最高法院通常只听取当前或即将出台的政策面临的挑战。普雷洛格女士认为，西弗吉尼亚州和其他共和党州，以及它们的煤炭公司盟友，没有资格起诉。她表示，双方“并没有受到现状的伤害”，只是试图在未来“限制环保局的权力”。似乎很少有法官能接受这一说法。首席大法官约翰罗伯茨表示，起诉人喜欢特朗普的监管方案，但“现在他们手上没有了”。他说，这足
22、以将此案“完全交由法院审判”。【5】The bulk of the hearing was devoted to parsingthe Clean Air Act to determine what Congressempowered the EPA to do.When the law refers to thejusticiable/dstb()l/adj.可在法庭裁决的；应受法院审判的 a justiciable charge.应由法院受理的一项指控5bulk/blk/n.体积，容量；大块；大多数，大部分 vt.使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要 The problem bulkslarge
23、 in his mind.这个问题在他的心目中显得重要。parsing/p:si/n.剖析；计语法分析 v.解析（parse的ing形式）In this paper,we compare action-baseddependency parsers with complex parsing methods suchas generative and discriminative parsers on the standarddata set of Penn Chinese Treebank.本文将决策式句法分析同产生式、判别式句法分析这些复杂模型做了比较，试验数据采用宾州中文树库。distin
24、guishing/dstgw/adj.有区别的 Can youdistinguish between those two objects?你能区分那两个物体吗?catastr ophic/ktstrfk/adj.灾难性的 惨重的;悲惨的 Be certain that you are not underinsured againstcatastr ophic illness.一定要为大病办理充足的保险6arguing/argjui/v.争辩；争吵（argue的ing形式）n.争吵 It would be idle to argue further.再辩论下去也不会有什么效果。justified
25、/dstfad/adj.有正当理由的，合理的 Hispride in his achievements is justified.他为自己的成就而自豪,这是理所当然的。7conservative/kns:vtiv/n.保守的人 adj.保守的,守旧的(式样等)不时新的,传统的 副 词:conservatively 名 词:conservativeness This year the Conservative Party is in.今年保守党执政。trigger/trg/vt.触发；引发，引起 vi.松开扳柄 n.触发器；扳机；制滑机 A six pulse trigging module i
26、s usedfor trigger.上述两块电路板构成的控制单元可以实现恒流变速锯切。doctrine/dktrn/n.教条,教义,学说 This doctrineholds that people are inherently good.这种教义强调人性本善significance/sgnfk()ns/n.意义,意思 重大意义,重要性 This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。explicitly/iksplisitli/adv.明白地,明确地 She was quiteexplicit about why she left.她对自
27、己离去的原因直言不讳。8federal/fed()r()l/adj.联邦(制)的 联邦政府的 副 词:federally The Trans-Canada highway is a federalresponsibility.横跨加拿大的交通干线是由联邦政府管理的。statutory/sttjt()r/adj.依照法令的,法定的 Thisguarantee does not affect your statutory rights.这项保证不会影响你的法定权利。3/7“best system of emission reduction”,Justice StephenBreyer asked,
28、isnt that an invitation to a moresystemic approach than just plant-by-plant regulation?Justice Elena Kagan questioned the logic ofdistinguishing between inside and outside powerplants.A rule focused on the plant itself could be“catastr ophic”,she said,as costly technological fixescould“drive the ent
29、ire coal industry out of business”.听证会的大部分时间都在分析清洁空气法案，以确定国会给予了环保局哪些授权。当法律提到“最佳的减排体系”时，法官斯蒂芬布雷耶问道：“这难道不是在提议采取一种更系统化的方法，而不仅仅是对每家工厂进行监管吗?”埃琳娜卡根法官对区分内部和外部发电厂的逻辑持质疑态度。她表示，针对发电厂本身的规定可能是“灾难性的”，因为昂贵的技术修复可能“让整个煤炭行业破产”。【6】But Lindsay See and Jacob Roth,the lawyersarguing against the EPA,insisted that the ter
30、m“standards of performance”in the act limited the EPAto site-specific rules.And letting the EPA tackle“anissue as massive as climate change”,Ms See said,could reshape energy policy.Construing the Clean AirAct that way,“its hard to see what costs wouldnt bejustified.”但是，反对环保局的律师林赛西和雅各布罗斯坚持认为，法案中的“绩效标
31、准”一词将环保局限制了在特定地点的规定上。西女士表示，让环保局处理“像气候变化这样重大的问题”，可能会重塑能源政策。用这种方式来解释清洁空气法案，“很难看出哪些成本是不合理的。”【7】Justice Samuel Alito voiced the same concern,with a hint of dubiousness about the threat of climatechange.Some people,he said,believe the climatecrisis“is a matter of civilisational survival”.Shouldsweepingly
32、/swi:pili/adv.扫荡地 His formidabletechnical command and tender lyricism find their perfectvehicle in Rachmaninovs sweepingly romantic ThirdPiano Concerto.比拉索夫斯基令人惊叹的出色技巧与深情温柔的演绎，于拉赫曼尼诺夫激情浪漫的第三钢琴协奏曲中表露无遗。animated/nmetd/adj.活生生的；栩栩如生的 生气勃勃的；活跃的；热烈的 被赋予生命的；被赋予生命特征的(影片等)以动画形式制作的 adv.栩栩如生地；活跃地卡通片,动画片 动画片,卡
33、通片 副 词:animatedly Hisobservations gave rise to an animated and livelydiscussion.他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。pandemic/pndemk/adj.（疾病）在全国（或世界）流行的 n.（全国或全球性）流行病，瘟疫 pandemicinfluenza.流感eviction/vkn/n.逐出,赶出 The family have won atemporary reprieve from eviction.这个家庭暂时免于被逐出。moratorium/mrtrm/n.正式的延缓,暂停 Thegovernmen
34、t has called for a moratorium on weaponstesting.政府已要求暂停武器试验。r ental/rent()l/n.租赁；租金收入，租金 adj.租赁的；收取租金的 He wanted to amortize his fixed r ental costby stretching the operating hours.他想用延长营业时间来分摊固定的租金。vaccination/vksnen/n.接种疫苗；种痘 复数vaccinations Anyone who wants to avoid the flu shouldconsider getting
35、a vaccination.任何希望避免患流感的人都应该考虑接种疫苗。9headed/hedd/adj.有头的；有标题的 v.走在的前头；朝向；率领（head的过去分词）headed notepaper.有抬头的便条纸。r etain/rten/vt.保持；雇；记住 时 态:retained,retaining,retains 缩 写:ret 形容词:retainable He r etainedthe copyright of his book.他保留此书的著作权。toll/tl/vt.征收；敲钟 n.通行费；代价；钟声 vi.鸣钟；征税 A man collected tolls at t
36、he gateway.一个人在大门口收通行费。短 语：1.原文：The Supreme Courtseems inclined to restrain the powerof the EPA词典：inclined to表示肯定意义；倾向于；想的；倾向例句：Im inclined to agree with you.我倾向于同意你的观点。2.原文：On february 28th a report by aUnited Nations panel ofexperts warned of“irreversibleimpacts for people and ecosystems”from the
37、continued emission ofgreenhouse gases.词典：warnof警告；警告某人；警告某人某事；警告可能会出现某事例句：Observers warn of the rascality ofNigerian ocials.4/7the EPA be charged with balancing that threat with thecosts of regulation and job-market effects?Such aquery,several conservative justices suggested,maytrigger the courts“ma
38、jor questions doctrine”,according to which matters of great political oreconomic significance do not belong with unelectedbureaucrats unless Congress has explicitly given themsuch authority.大法官塞缪尔阿利托表达了同样的担忧，但对气候变化的威胁有一丝怀疑。他表示，有些人认为气候危机“关系到人类文明的生存”。环保局应该负责平衡这种威胁与监管成本和就业市场效应之间的关系吗?一些保守派法官担忧，这样的质疑可能会触
39、发最高法院的“重大问题原则”，根据该原则，未经选举产生的官员不能干涉具有重大政治或经济意义的事项，除非国会明确赋予他们这样的权力。【8】Concerns about federal agencies growing toobig for their statutory britches have animated severalrecent Supreme Court judgments on policies promptedby the pandemic.Last August a 6-3 majority endedMr Bidens home-eviction moratorium,f
40、inding littleconnection between the mission of the Centres forDisease Control and Prevention and the r ental market.In January the same six justices rejected theOccupational Safety and Health administrations rulerequiring large firms to demand vaccination or testingof their employees.由于担心联邦机构的规模越来越大
41、，超出了它们的法定职责，最高法院最近对疫情引发的政策做出了几项判决。例如，去年8月，以6比3的多数票否决了拜登政府的房屋止赎禁令，发现疾病防控中心的任务和租赁市场之间没有什么联系。今年1月，那6名大法官又否决了职业安全和健康署要求大公司命令其员工进行疫苗接种或核酸检测的规定。观察家们警告尼日利亚官员要避免“恶棍行径”。3.原文：The justices spent little timetaking stock of the future of theplanet.词典：takestock of盘点；估量；估计例句：It was me to take stock of thesituaon.是
42、估量形势的时候了。4.原文：That lacuna lent this weeksproceedings an air of surreality,asthe court typically hears challengesonly to current or impendingpolicies.词典：an air of一种的氛围；一种的神气；一种的感觉例句：The hotel hasan air offaded genlity.这家宾馆有一种没落的贵族氛围。5.原文：The bulk of the hearing wasdevoted to parsing the Clean Air Act
43、to determine what Congress empoweredthe EPA to do.词典：The bulk of大部分；大部；大半例句：The bulk of the populaon lives incies.大多数人口居住在城市里。6.原文：The bulk of the hearing wasdevoted to parsing the Clean Air Actto determine what Congress empoweredthe EPA to do.词典：bedevoted to献身于;忠诚于;致力于;被用于例句：Tom said that such case
44、 would in nocase happen again and determined to bedevoted to study.汤姆说这种情况再也不会发生了，并决心全身心的投入到学习中。7.原文：A rule focused on the plant itselfcould be“catastrophic”,she said,as costlytechnological xes could“drive the enre coalindustry out of business”.词典：out of business歇业；破产；停业；失业例句：Thousands of rms could
45、go out ofbusiness.数千家商号可能倒闭。8.原文：Jusce Samuel Alito voiced the sameconcern,with a hint of dubiousness about thethreat of climate change.词典：a hint of一点点；少许；些许例句：She added only a hint of vermouth tothe gin.她往杜松子酒里只加了一点儿苦艾酒。9.原文：Should the EPA be chargedwith balancing that threat with the costs ofregul
46、aon and job-market eects?词典：be charged with承担，被控告；充满例句：They will be chargedwith implemenng a new law on“perfecngbusinesses”.他们将共同承担执行“完善经济”的新的法律。10.原文：The Biden administraon seemsheaded for another defeat when a rulingcomes this spring.词典：head for前往；驶向；走向例句：I head for the kitchen,but I can sll seeth
47、e TV.我朝厨房走去，但我仍能看到电视。5/7【9】The Biden administration seems headed foranother defeat when a ruling comes this spring.Thequestion is how sweepingly the Supreme Court willconstrain agenciesand whether the EPA will r etaintools to reduce Americas toll on the climate.今年春天，随着一项裁决的出炉，拜登政府似乎又一次走向了失败。而问题是，最高法
48、院将如何全面地约束各机构以及环保局是否会保留一些工具来减少美国对气候造成的影响。今日词汇observebz:v v.观察、观测；评述；遵守；庆祝 考研出现次数：10+考频：考点回顾阅读考点真题例句：例 The behavioral sciences have been slow tochange partly because the explanatory itemsoften seem to be directly observed and partlybecause other kinds of explanations have beenhard to find.译 行为科学之所以发展缓
49、慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。（2002年英语一翻译62题）段 落 大 意：【1】联合国专家小组的一份报告警告称，持续排放的温室气体将“对人类和生态系统造成不可逆转的影响”。【2】法官们几乎没有花时间评估地球的未来。【3】环保局更广泛的愿景推动了巴拉克 奥巴马的清洁能源计划(CPP)，但该计划在2016年因面临一系列诉讼而被最高法院搁置。【4】与此同时，在没有相关法规的情况下，发电厂仍在继续运转，排放占美国碳足迹的三分之一。【5】听证会的大部分时间都在分析清洁空气法案，以确定国会给予了环保局哪些授权。【6】西女士表示，让环保局处理
50、“像气候变化这样重大的问题”，可能会重塑能源政策。【7】大法官塞缪尔阿利托表达了同样的担忧，但对气候变化的威胁有一丝怀疑。【8】由于担心联邦机构的规模越来越大，超出了它们的法定职责，最高法院最近对疫情引发的政策做出了几项判决。【9】今年春天，随着一项裁决的出炉，拜登政府似乎又一次走向了失败。写 作 技 巧：1.The court of appeals for the District of Columbiacircuit unwound Mr Trumps cancellaon of the CPP inJanuary 2021,throwing the controls to Joe Bid
