1、3rd,revised edition,July 2021Quality Management in the Automotive IndustryMeasurement and Inspection ProcessesCapability,Planning and Management5 Qualitts Management Centerim Verband der AutomobilindustrieDokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen
2、 Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.Measurement and Inspection ProcessesCapability,Planning and Management3rd,revised edition,July 2021Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V.Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedri
3、chshafen AG bestimmt.ImprintISSN 0943-9412Printed:September 2021Copyright 2021 byVerband der Automobilindustrie e.V.(VDA)Qualitts Management Center(QMC)Behrenstrae 3510117 BerlinLayout and printing:Druck-und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH&Co.KG Sontraer Strae 6,60386 Frankfurt am MainPrinted on chlorine-f
4、ree bleached papercarbon neutral natureO|DE-077-367729 print productionDokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.Non-binding VDA recommendationThe Association of the German Automotive Industry(VDA)reco
5、mmends its members to apply the following guidelines for the implementation and maintenance of quality management systems.Exclusion of LiabilityThis VDA volume is a recommendation that is freely available for general use.Anyone who implements it is responsible for ensuring that it is used correctly
6、in each case.This VDA volume takes into account state of the art technology,current at the time of issue.Implementation of VDA recommendations relieves no one of responsibility for their own actions.In this respect,everyone acts at their own risk.The VDA and the people involved in the publication of
7、 VDA recommendations shall bear no liability.If during the use of VDA recommendations,errors or the possibility of misinterpretation are found,it is requested that these be reported to the VDA immediately so that any possible faults can be corrected.CopyrightThis publication is protected by copyrigh
8、t.Any use outside of the strict limits of copy-right law is not permissible without the consent of VDA and is liable to prosecution.This applies in particular to copying,translation,microfilming and storage or processing in electronic systems.TranslationsThis publication will also be issued in other
9、 languages.The current status must be re-quested from VDA QMC.03Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.04Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur intern
10、en Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.ForewordAfter more than a decade,the time has come for a fundamental revision of one of the standard works on measurement and inspection process capability.The focus when drawing up this 3rd edition of VDA Volume 5,with its new title“Measurement and In
11、-spection Processes,Capability,Planning and Management”,was on comprehensibility of methodology in order to achieve better applicability for the user in practice.The VDA Volume 5 has been completely revised and updated with all the change notices com-piled in the VDA QMC since 2011.The revision inco
12、rporates the latest changes related to standards and technical development.One of the innovations in VDA Volume 5 is the division of topics into a main volume and a practical handbook.The main volume gives users technical guidance and orientation in the procedure.The practical handbook shows practic
13、al implementation of the topic from the main volume using examples and use cases.Logic has been implemented in the inspection planning method so that the contents are taken into account right at the beginning of the product development process.The measurement and inspection pro-cess capability thus
14、acts as a systems engineering tool for verification and validation in the early phase of the project.At the same time,for the first time,a connection and consistency to the adjacent processes inspection equipment management,inspection planning and inspection process management(including the defined
15、roles)was ap-plied.The risk-based approach is appropriately and efficiently embedded in the inspec-tion process management,offers specific assistance in selecting the procedure to back up audit decisions and allows a differentiated approach while being mindful of econom-ic requirements.The idea behi
16、nd VDA Volume 5 is to provide as complete an overview as possible of the handling of proof of capability for measurement processes.The 3rd edition has been amended in the following aspects:Clarification of terms and definitions closely following VIM 2 and ISO 3534-1 11 Process transparency from the
17、engineering of the measuring system to the capabil-ity of the measurement and inspection processes Strategies for harmonization with the AIAG Core Tool MSA(4th Edition)1 Recommendations for the procurement of measuring systems(for example,specifi-cations)Transferability of proof of capability Handli
18、ng of unsuitable measuring systems/processes Handling of fine tolerances(FT or FT rule)FOr Ew Or D 05Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.Procedure for insufficient sample sizes in the“measuring s
19、ystem”and“measure-ment process”trials.Procedure for small pre-series and production lots in development and production Consideration and monitoring of the ongoing capability using stability measure-mentsThe measurement uncertainty calculation methods have been largely left unchanged,down to the inde
20、x adjustments and linearity calculations.Calculations for fine toleranc-es,one-sided tolerances and attribute calculation methods have been added.It is necessary to comply with specified tolerances of individual parts and assemblies to guarantee the function of technical systems.According to ISO 801
21、5 34,it is as-sumed that the tolerance limits correspond to the functional limits when defining the required tolerances in the design process.Inspection process capability is more than just the release of the inspection equipment,it also includes the handling of measurement uncertainty in product an
22、d manufacturing design.A comprehensive measurement result consists of a determined measured val-ue and a measurement uncertainty in the measurement process.In the area of toler-ance limits,no reliable statement can be made about compliance or non-compliance with the tolerances due to the measurement
23、 uncertainty.This can lead to incorrect evaluations of measurement results.Different standards and guidelines contain re-quirements for estimating and considering the measurement uncertainty.For this rea-son,both the measuring system and measurement process uncertainty must be taken into account as
24、early as the planning stage of measurement processes.In this respect,companies must address various questions in implementing and certifying their quality management system.This document shows how to meet these many demands.The procedures described here are based on ISO/IEC Guide 98-3(2008-09)31 and
25、 DIN EN ISO 14253-1 20.The topic of conformity according to DIN EN ISO 14253-1 20 cannot be comprehen-sively represented with conventional methods of measuring system analysis.Some important reasons for this are that certain influencing quantities such as calibration uncertainty,quality of the setti
26、ng standards,error limits and temperature effects were not sufficiently catered for.Furthermore,known methods of measuring system analysis are used only to assess individual components separately,but not the entire inspection process.w ith the proof of capability method for measurement and inspectio
27、n process-es,this latest edition of VDA Volume 5 offers a practical,standard-compliant solution.Even a comparison of the headings of the old and new requirements of DIN EN ISO 9001 16 reveals significant differences.To date,the“control of monitoring and meas-uring equipment”has been sufficient.On th
28、e other hand,DIN EN ISO 9001 16 has been referring to“resources for monitoring and measurement”since 2015.This clearly 06 FOr Ew Or DDokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.shows that it is not,as ha
29、s been in the past,only about the monitoring and measuring equipment,but about all necessary resources too,from spatial conditions,appropriate-ly trained personnel,suitable inspection equipment,the measuring equipment including software,to the necessary auxiliary devices and methods that are involve
30、d in the for-mation of valid and reliable monitoring and measurement results.All of this must serve the purpose of conformity of products and,more recently,also of services,i.e.it must be ensured that only assured quality is delivered to the customer.FOr Ew Or D 07Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom V
31、DA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.08Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.Table of contentsForeword 051 Standards and guideli
32、nes 152 Benefits and scope of application 163 Terms and definitions 203.1 Measuring and inspecting 203.2 Evaluation and attributive inspection 213.3 Frequently used terms 234 Inspection process management 344.1 Inspection process management tasks 354.1.1 Assurance of inspection results,taking into a
33、ccount measure-ment uncertainty as per DIN EN ISO 14253-1 20 354.1.2 Effect of the measurement uncertainty on the manufacturing process 394.2 roles and competencies in inspection process management 404.2.1 roles in inspection process management 404.2.2 Competencies in inspection process management 4
34、44.3 risk-based assurance 474.3.1 Preselection of inspection processes for risk-based assurance 504.3.2 Procedure for risk-based assurance 534.3.2.1 Criteria,consequences and probability of occurrence of an incorrect inspection decision 544.3.2.2 Derivation of the risk class for the individual inspe
35、ction process 554.3.2.3 Degree of assurance 564.3.3 Complaint process of inspection systems,inspection processes in the application 584.4 Inspection process planning 594.4.1 Sequence of inspection process planning 594.4.2 How inspection process planning contributes to the systems engineering process
36、 674.5 Inspection equipment management 71INHALT 09Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.4.5.1 Inspection equipment management system 724.5.2 Calibration of inspection equipment 734.5.2.1 Internal c
37、alibration 734.5.2.2 External calibration 744.6 Proof of efficiency for inspection process management 764.7 Proof of capability for measurement processes General 774.7.1 Analysis of the measurement process and scope of the proof of capability 784.7.2 Modeling in VDA Volume 5 804.7.3 Measuring system
38、 capability and measurement process capability 814.7.4 Transferability of proof of capability 834.7.5 How to proceed if measurement and inspection process capability is not reached General overview 854.7.5.1 Optimizing the measuring system and measurement process 874.7.5.2 risk analysis with conditi
39、onal approval 874.7.5.3 Improvement/substitution of the manufacturing process 874.7.6 Implicit proof of capability 885 General procedure for measurement and inspection process capability 895.1 Influences on the measurement uncertainty results 895.1.1 Influencing quantities in the measuring system 91
40、5.1.1.1 Comparison of reference types(standards,samples and reference parts)915.1.1.2 Measurement errors 935.1.1.3 Mounting device 955.1.1.4 Measuring method,measuring procedure 955.1.2 Influencing quantities in the measurement process 965.1.2.1 Mother nature,environment 965.1.2.2 Person,examiner,op
41、erator 965.1.2.3 Measured object,inspected object 975.1.2.4 Evaluation methods 975.1.2.5 Short-term stability 975.1.2.6 Long-term stability(ongoing capability)975.1.2.7 reproducibility of measuring systems 985.2 Phases of measurement and inspection process capability 995.3 Standard uncertainties 101
42、5.3.1 Method A(Experimental determination)10110 INHALTDokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.5.3.1.1 Consideration of a single influencing quantity 1025.3.1.2 Consideration of several influencing qu
43、antities 1025.3.2 Method B(use of prior information)1035.4 Combined standard uncertainty 1045.5 Extended measurement uncertainty 1055.6 Uncertainty budget 1065.7 Proof of conformity 1085.8 Proof of capability of the measurement process 1096 Measurement uncertainty determination in measurement proces
44、s 1106.1 Basic procedure 1106.2 Practical determination of typical standard uncertainties 1116.3 Influencing quantities in measuring system 1126.3.1 MPE Maximum permissible error of the measuring system uMPE 1136.3.2 Display resolution uRE 1146.3.3 Calibration uncertainty of the standard uCAL 1156.3
45、.4 repeatability on the standard uEVR 1166.3.5 Systematic measurement error uBI 1166.3.6 Influence on linearity error in the scope of application uLIN 1176.3.6.1 Linearity from preliminary information(method B)1186.3.6.2 Linearity from test(method A)1196.3.6.2.1 Simple linearity analysis 1206.3.6.2.
46、2 Linearity testing with ANOVA 26 1216.3.7 Additional influencing quantities in measuring system uMS.REST 1226.3.8 Determination of the uncertainties according to the“measuring system test”(MS test)1226.3.8.1 Test with one standard or reference part 1236.3.8.2 Test with 2 standards 1236.3.8.3 Test w
47、ith 3 and more standards 1246.4 Measurement process influencing quantities 1256.4.1 repeatability on the measured object uEVO 1256.4.2 reproducibility of the operators uAV 1256.4.3 Interaction uIA.i 1266.4.4 reproducibility of measuring systems uGV 1276.4.5 Stability of the measurement process uSTAB
48、(short-term stability)1276.4.6 Inhomogeneity of the measured object uOBJ 1286.4.7 Temperature uTEMP 130INHALT 11Dokument wurde bereitgestellt vom VDA-QMC Internetportal am 02.11.2021 um 09:52Nur zur internen Verwendung fr ZF Friedrichshafen AG bestimmt.6.4.7.1 Considerations on the influence of temp
49、erature on the measure-ment process 1306.4.7.2 Evaluation of the situation 1336.4.7.3 Methods to determine measurement uncertainty by temperature 1346.4.8 Additional Measurement process influencing quantities uMP.REST 1356.4.9 Determining the uncertainties according to the“Test Measure-ment Process”
50、(Test MP)1366.5 Typical measurement uncertainty budget 1376.6 Overview of typical measurement process models 1396.7 Preselection of measuring systems 1416.7.1 Motivation,requirements 1416.7.2 Sources of information for determining important specifications of measuring equipment 1426.7.2.1 National a
