1、劳动力参与率与经济增长关系的分析!阳画 .74?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?没?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?4 偒?6?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?喼?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?冣?4?凎?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?
2、6?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?6?6?4?4?4?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?6 愩?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?
3、6?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?6?6?6?4?4?侵?6?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?戬?6?6?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?姎?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?
4、6?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?4?4?4?6?6?都是农业从业人员，所以我国农村也不存在失业问题，即农村四、我国转轨时期劳动力参句藕与经济增长关系劳动力参与率为 1%。因此计划经济体制下劳动力参与惑与的特殊褒现形式经济增长之间的关系可以表述为
5、:经济体制改革和就业制度的转轨对我国劳动力参与率变 LFPR 臼 1，Q，Y 为任意假化产生了两个方面的影响。方面，随着经济体制改革的深入劳动力参与感曲线朋(见阁2): 和现代企业制度的建立，我国长期以来积累起来的;就业泡沫;被不断地挤压出来，大量的无效劳动力释放出来，导致失 LFPR 业人数的上升;同时由于阔家的分配制度在追求;公平;的罔时 3 贸在注 3 熏鼓;效率台劳动者夜取得二工汇资收人的问时耍付出一 f 黛 8E 质囊的劳动，因此在挤出一定数麓的在劳动收入与闲暇之中更没寰的闲暇的自愿失业者和部分家务劳动者的同时，青年人则更加拉蒙自身素质和能力的提高，更多的年轻人开始接受更多的教育和培
6、训，这些都在促进经济增长的同时不断降低我国的劳动力 Y 参与惠。另方面，由于市场经济体制逐步建立，经济增长方式的转变和经济增长质量的不断提高又在新的市场经济体制回 2 计划经济体制下劳动力参与率与经济增长关系曲线图作用下开始推动劳动力参与率水平逐渐提高。但总的来说，前者的作用大于后者。也正因为如此，我国才出现了经济增长的三、二元经济体制下劳动力参句率均经济增长之问时劳动力参与惑不断下降这一与自身经济发展水平不相一间的关系敖的劳动力参与率变化越势。工元经济体制下劳动力参与率与经济增长之间的关系既由于我国过去的计划经济体制遗留下的是与国情不相符不完全等同于市场经济体制下、又不完全等同予计划经济体合
7、的过高的劳动力参与率。在经济体制转轨的过程中，过高的制下劳动力参与率与经济增长之间的关系;问时二元经济体劳动力参与率水平中与经济发展水平不相符合的部分必然被制下二者之间的关系既具有市场绞济体制下工者之间关系的挤出，其具体表现即为劳动力参与感水平的下降。这是我国转特征，又具有计划经济体制下二翁之间关系的特征:企业和用轨时期劳动力参与惑与经济增长关系的第一点特殊之处。此人单位一方回可以有一定的用人自主权，问时又必须究成政外，鼠然我国转轨时期劳动力参与惑与综济增长之间的关系府计划的就业配给指标。这种情况下，劳动力参与率与经济增也表现为随着经济增长劳动力参与率水平不断下降，但其具长之间的关系就呈现出定
8、的复杂性。当政府就业计划总量体表现形式与发达国家劳动力参与惑与经济增长关系的表现超过社会实际劳动力需求总量时，劳动力参与率与经济增长形式也不尽相同。发达国家劳动力参与率与经济增长之间的之间的关系与计划经济体制下相同;当政府计划就业总量少关系是随着经济增长劳动力参与率水平不断下降，但其下降于社会实际劳动力需求总最时，劳动力参与惑与经济增长之的速度是先慢后快;而我国转轨时期劳动力参与率随经济增间的关系义与市场经济体制下相类似，但并不完全相间。在市 t 是不断下降的速度则是先快后慢。这是我国转轨时期劳动力场经济体制下，无论经济繁荣或衰退，劳动力参与惑与经济增参与率与经济增长关系的第工点特殊之处(阁4
9、 我国转轨时期劳动力参与惑与经济增长关系的特殊袋现形式LFPR; LFPR l 参考文献川 I 寂量 1 忘草刚巾书国就业报 f 含号町 M2 勾问1Hi 川 ll 加 AAnn 巳e，F 删 eE 盯 ma 山!eLab】o 呻 rFo 酣 r 比cePa缸 a 剖 rticic 川 ipa 削 t 川 i 刷 o 侃 n 川山 i 山 nDev 叫e!句 oP 咐 ing 削 andDevel 问 o 仰 ped( Countries 则，Review of Economics and Statistics, No.l，2 佣 O.(3 Ribo 时，MicheIle，AnAnalysis
10、 of Women s Labor Force Participation in France: Cross-section Estimates and Time-嗡 eriesEvidenceJ )Journal .Y Y 。 ，fLabor Economics, No.1, 1998 图加剧 3b(资任编辑:X 校对:L)囹 3 二元经济体制下劳动力参与惑与经济增长关系曲线图ll ?4?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?6?潦?虑?睯?4?楮?4?6 獴?虑?4?偒?4 潮?慬扯偡闵莹呩?6?畮浥楤?4?
11、6 偒?4?4?6?4?6?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?4?慴牣?4?6?6 潲祳?湩斣浡浥?瑲?溡敮楳?4?6?4?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?6?症湩楳捩?6 瑥彳?4?4?莹?4?楬楥楢?6 捥汯捳灡浳?敲楣?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?6 愩?戬务?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?4?4?4 捳?4?6?4?汁獛潵孊灥莹獟楥玣?4?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?6?4?4?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?4 湮?掸潮獥嵊?6?6?4?乯?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?6?4?6?
12、4?6?4?4?6?6?4?捴澣? 旍?潵?6? 楯?6?6?4?姎?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?楣牮?4?4?6?4?4?6?4 敶桥慬?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?浡楥汬?4?6?4?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?斣?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?6? 妣?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?4?4? 扯?4?4?4?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?6?6?6?墙?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?6?6?
13、6?4?4?6?6?嶣潲?6?4 捥?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?6?6?偡?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?4?湩?4?6?6?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?捩?4?4?6?6?6?4?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?6?灡?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?潮?6?6?4 楮?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?4?6 症?4?6?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?6? 汯?4?6?4?6?6?6?4?6?4?4?6?6?4?4?6?6?6?6?4?4?滟?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?6?4?6?4?涌?6?4?6?4?6?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?6?4?4?4?6?4?6?4?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?6?4?6?6?4?4?6?4?4?4?6?
