高三英语知识点.docx

2017年高考英语必考知识点（一） 句型1 would rather that somebody did 宁愿 ；更愿意 ”（表示现在或将来 的愿望） would rather that somebody had done-"宁愿 ；更愿意 "（表示过去 的愿望） ［例句］ I'd rather you posted the letter right now.我想让你现在去寄信。 I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一 起。 I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday我情愿昨天没有看到她。 句型2 as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像 （表示现在或将来的情况用过 去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时）［参考句型4］ ［例句］ Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan 谈起罗马来就好像他 去过那里似的。 句型3 "wish +宾语从句"，表示不大可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时； 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done; 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do ［例句］ How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我4」学生多 么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！ 句型4 It's high/about time that somebody did （should do） （shouldffi常不省略）••早 就该 ［例句］ It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们 为环保做些事情了。 I think it's high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。 句型5 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法 could have done本来可以 "（表示过去没有实现的可能）。 might have done ”本来可能 ；本来应该或可以做某事"（实际没有发生; 含有轻微的责备语气。 should/ought to have done本来该做某事”（而实际未做） should not/ought not to have done "本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备 语气） needn't have done本来不必做"（但是已经做过了） would rather have done "当时宁愿彳了某事"（实际没有做过）;否定式would rather not have doneft达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。 句型6 as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。 ［注意］although位于句首;though 位于句首或句中；as位于旬 中 =though。它 的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。 ［参考倒装结 构］请注意下列句式的变化： ［例句］ Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow. fYoung as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然 年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。 Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然 显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。 Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do.虽然我很想帮助你，但是我 有很多事要做。 Object as you may, I will go.纵使你反对，我也要去。 句型7 • • • before ••特殊用法（1）"没来得及……就……" ［例句］ The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还 没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。 He ran off before I could stop him.我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。 To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打 招呼，她就已经离开了。 句型8 • • • before ••特殊用法（2）“过了多久才 "或"动作进行到什么程度才 " ［例句］ They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village 他们西行 50英里才看到一个村庄。 The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。 句型9 It was +时间段+before….过了多久才（怎么样） " It was not long before 不欠" 就 " It will （not） be +时间段+before….要过多久（不久） 才 "（before从 句谓语动词要用一般时态） ［例句］ It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position 不久他就意识至 U 他处境的危险。 It was five days before he came back五天后他才回来。 It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能 毕业。 It will not be long before they understand each other. 他彳门大概不久就会互 相了解。 句型10 in case of •・•（+「以'防;万一”； in case that 以防，万一 "（谓语动词用一般现在时态或 should+动词 原形） ［例句］ Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget.万一我忘了, 请提 醒我。 Please take your umbrella in case （that it rains/should rain）.上雨伞，以防下 雨。 2017年高考英语必考知识点（二） 句型11 It强调句型 强调句的基本构成：It is/was +被强调的部分+ who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分 ［注意1］ 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原 因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。 原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用 It is ••・that/who •••.; 原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用 It was •••that/who •••.; 强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用 when, where或how,必须用that。 ［例句］ I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. f It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon强调主语） f It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon强调地点状语） f It was yesterday afternoon that saw him in the street.他调时间状语） f It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon强调宾语） ［注意2］强调句的疑问结构 一般疑问句Is / Was it +被强调部分+who / that …？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that …？ What is/was it that …？ Who is/was it that …？ When is/was it that …？ Where is/was it that …？ Why is/was it that …？ How is/was it that …？ ［例句1］ I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. fWhen was it that you saw him in the street? fWho was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon? fWhere was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? ［例句2］ I don't know when he will come back. 一I don't know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述 句语序） -How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和 Smith 先生 联系上的？ -Trough a friend of mine.通过一个朋友。 句型12 （1）、祈使句（表条件）+ or/or else/ otherwise +主句（表结果）…"否则•…，要 不然...H （2）、祈使句（表条件）+ and +主句（表结果） ［例句］ Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be o你来 之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。 Work hard and you will make progress every day.好好学习, 天天向上。 句型13 • until…直到 时候";not…until •直到 才 " ［例句］ You are to stay until/till your mother comes back.你得等到你妈妈回来。 The meeting was put off until ten o'clock.会议推迟到十点钟。 The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river. f Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装旬） 等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。 句型14 unless…除非，如果不 "（=if…not） ［例句］ I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨， 我明天去。 -Shall Tom go and play football? -Not unless he has finished his homework.除非他完成作业，否则不能出 去。 I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself. 除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。 I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (二unless I am invited).除［上被 邀请，否则我不去参加的生日晚会。 句型15 when引导的从句 when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定 语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是 when引导并列分句，意思是“这 时 突然;就在那时"，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主语 + be doing…when…意思是"正在做某事这时 ";(2)、主语 + be about to do…when…;(3)、主语 +be on the point of (doing) …when是"正要去做某 事这时……" ［例句］ One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed.有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。 I don't know when he will arrive.我不晓得他什么时候到达。 I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了 在北京时的那 段快乐日子。 I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。 I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.我正 在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。 I was about to leave when it began to rain.我刚要离开，这时下雨了。 ［比较］ I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我正在 街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。 I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor's shop.我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。 句型16 while引导的从句 while除了有"当/在……时候"的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能 是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while = although"尽管 "、"虽然"，引导让步状语从句；（2）while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用来表达对 比关系。 ［例句］ While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be $0卜6~尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。 While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings然我承认他的优 点，我也能看出他的缺点。 While I was angry with her, I didn't lose my temper.虽然我彳艮生气，但我当 时没有对她发脾气。 While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 虽然我了解你的 见解，我还是不能同意（你）。 I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars.我一星期只赚 120美元，她却赚180美元。 句型17 where…（地点从句） ［注意］ where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。 当它 在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用 in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时， 没 有这样用法。 ［例句］ You should put the book where it was.把书放回原处。 Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure^ 屈不挠者 从他人失败的地方获取成功。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where men are greedy, there is never peac队类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。 Go where you should, keep on studying.无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学 That is the building where my father works.那是我父亲工作的大楼。 Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher.昨天我去 百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。 That's where a change is needed那就是需要变更的地方。 句型18 what引导的从句 what在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句， 但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既 可以指人，也可以指物。 ［例句］ What is the population of the world?世界的人口 有多少？ What did you pay for this picture?这幅画你付了多少钱？ What is most important in life isn't money.人生最重要的并非是金钱。 Will you show me what you bought?可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗 ？ Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary 已经不是 10 年前的她 了。 句型19 as引导的非限制性定语从句 在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾 语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句 子 前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有： as we all know; as is well known to …；as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens;as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember。 ［注意1］as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。 ［注意2］as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指”事先可以预料到的”"料想到 的“，表达"好”的方面。 ［注意3］as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成 the same- as- -; such - as- -; so/as •••as等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。 ［例句］ This is also part of your work, as I told you before.我曾告诉过你，这也是你 工作的一部分。 The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking.从那人说 话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。 Such ideas as he hits on are worthles咻他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。 It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday.这故事跟我从她那儿听至 U 的相同。 He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结 婚。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。 句型20 which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句） which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容， 也可以指句子的 部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词 的）、定 语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的 内容是“不好的"、”事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which,只指物。 ［例句］ Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world.黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最 美丽的国家公园之一。 The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我 祖父买的，现在还走时很准。 The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅鹰品。 She changed her mind again, which made us all angry她又改变了主意，这 使我们大家都生气了。 I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住 了三年，在那期间我学了法语。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.天气结果转晴，是我们没有预料到的。