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1广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一地理试题(满分:100 分;考试时间:60 分钟 )一.单项选择题(每题 2 分,共 30 题 60 分)2008 年 11 月 9 日 14 时,三峡工程坝前水位达到海拔高程 172.58 米。175 米是三峡最高设计水位,这意味着 175 米试验性蓄水全部结束,三峡库区出现前所未有的水位高度。但库区水流明显放缓,水面漂浮物增加,有泥沙淤积现象,环保部门在大宁河(三峡库区的支流)发现了富营养化的初步迹象,这是水污染的前兆;同时,库区沿岸受高水位浸泡,滑坡的频率比以前增多。请回答 1-2 题。1.该材料显示自然地理环境具有A.生产性 B.平衡性 C.差异性 D.整体性2.库区形成人工湖泊,对自然要素的影响,叙述正确的是A.使生物多样性剧减 B.地方气候更温和湿润C.土壤肥力下降 D.库区航运更便利读“理想大陆”自然带分布图。读图完成 3-5 题。3.图中 2 所示地区的代表性植被为A.热带草原 B.热带荒漠 C.温带草原 D.热带雨林4.图中 7 所 示地区的气候类型为A.温带海洋性气候 B.地中海气候 C.温带大陆性气候 D.温带季风气候5.图中 5 所示地区所处的自然带可能是A.温带落叶阔叶林带 B.温带草原带 C.温带荒漠带 D.亚热带常绿硬叶林带下图为我国季风区某山地不同海拔、不同坡向某森林植被分布百分比图,完成 6-8 题。6.该山地自然带垂直带谱中此森林集中分布的海拔(m)最可能是A.1800~1900 B.1900 ~2000 C.2000~2100 D.2100~22007.该森林植被的生长习性是A.喜光 喜湿 B.喜阴 喜湿 C.好热 耐旱 D.耐寒 好旱8.调查发现,近年来高山苔原带中该森林植被增长趋势明显。主要原因是A.光照增强 B.水土流失加重 C.气候变暖 D.降水减少2读不同国家出 生率、死亡率统计图(图中 1-12 代表国家),回答 9-10 题。9.图中呈现传统型人口增长模式特点的一组国家是: A.1、2、3 B.4、5、6 C.7、8、9 D.10、11、12 10.图中 11、1 2 两个国家最有可能位于:A.欧洲 B.非洲 C.大洋洲 D.北美洲读我国东部沿海某地区人口自然增长率和人口迁移率(净迁入人口占总人口的比重) 随时间变化曲线图,回答 11-12 题。11.图中该地区人口数量 最多的时期是A.① B.② C.③ D.④12.③时期以后人口迁移率下降的原因有可能是A.产业结构升级 B.生态环境恶化C.技术人才外流 D.环境污染严 重我国的几何重心位于(36°N ,103°50′E)。下图是我国人口重心的空间变化示意图,据图回答13-14 题。13. 1978 年以来,人口重心一直位于几何重心的:A. 东北方向 B. 东南方向 C. 西北方向 D. 西南方向14.影响人口重心在东西方向上发生迁移的最主要因素是:A. 自然条件 B. 历史条件 C. 经济因素 D. 环境因素1992 年,中国农业区划委员会对我国各地的农业自然资源生产潜力进行深入研究,分别计算出各地的土地生产潜力和最大可能人口密度表。据此回答第 15 题。15.表中我国单位面积环境人口容量最大的地区是我国各地区的土地生产潜力和最大可能人口密度3A.中 亚热带地区 B.中温带地区 C.热带地区 D.青藏区下表是我国某城市人口与就业 变化统计表,读表完成 16-17 题。16.造成该市郊区人口迅速增长的最主要因素是A.产业外迁 B.环境因素 C.住房价格 D.农村工业化17.自 2000 年以 来,该市在城市化过程中出现的最突出问题是A.就业压力增大 B.交通拥堵加剧 C.人均绿地减少 D.社会治安变差右图为我国东南沿海地区某城市规划示意图,阴影为城区,读图完成 18-20 题。18.图中最适宜建设高级住宅区的是A.甲 B.乙 C.丙 D.丁19.该城的化工区应规划在A.甲 B.乙 C.丙 D.丁20.该城的城郊地区主要种植A.水稻 B.棉花 C.甘蔗 D.蔬菜为缓解停车难问题,北京市朝阳区采取“错峰停车”措施,鼓励各社会单位将停车位夜间或双休日向周边社区市民开放。下图为“朝阳区某功能区不同时段人口流动状况示意图” 。据此完成 21-22 题。21.该功能区属于A.商业区 B.住宅区C.工业区 D.行政区22. “错峰停车”主要利用了该功能区与相邻功能区A.地租水平的差异 B.人口密度的差异C.汽车拥有量的差异 D.人口流动状况的差异4图甲中①②③④分别表示发达国家与发展中国家城市和乡村人口比重的变化,图乙表示世界人口增长的情况,读图回答 23-25 题。23.图甲中,代表发达国家城市人口的是A.① B.② C.③ D.④24.从 1980 年至 2000 年,发展中国家乡村人口数量A.增加了约 13 亿 B.增加了约 3 亿 C.减少了约 13 亿 D.减少了约 3 亿25.下列各类人口,当前机械增长率最高的是A.发达国家城市人口 B.发达国家乡村人口 C.发展中国家城市人口 D.发展 中国家乡村人口26.2010 年,宁夏枸杞产量达 8 万吨,占全国的 60%。根据枸杞产量与气候条件的关系,可把宁夏划为枸杞的适宜、次适宜和不适宜种植区,从而为枸杞种植的合理布局提供了参考依据。宁夏枸杞的适宜种植区区别于不适宜、次适宜区的突出区位是A.热量条件 B.降水条件C.光照条件 D.水源条件读“农业的主要区位因素图” ,完成 27-28 题。27.图中字母 B 是土壤,则下列各区农业与 A 因素最密切的是①横断山区的立体农业;②海南岛种植天然橡胶;③江南丘陵种植茶树;5④吐鲁番种植葡萄;⑤上海郊区发展园艺业;⑥珠江三角洲的基塘农业A. ①③ B. ③④ C. ①⑥ D. ②⑤28.下列农业生产受图中 D 因素影响较大的是A.上海的乳牛场 B.新疆的棉花 C.椰子主要在热带 D.横断山区的立体农业读“我国某地农 业结构调整示意图 ”,完成第 29-30 题。29.下列属于甲图农业地域类型特点的是A.机械化水平高 B.商品率高 C.科技水平高 D.单产高,劳动生产率低30.在图 B 中的①②③④处布局大棚蔬菜、有机茶、花卉和饲料作物,下列安排合理的是 A.①大棚蔬菜②有机茶③饲料作物④花卉 B.①饲料作物②大棚蔬菜③有机茶④花卉C.①有机茶②花卉③大棚蔬菜 ④饲料作物 D.①花卉②饲料作物③有机茶④大棚蔬菜二、双项选择题(共 5 题,每题全对得 3 分,只选一项且正确得 1 分,其余情况不得分)右图是植被类型与温度、降水量的关系示意图,图中植被类型分别为草原、苔原、荒漠、阔叶林、针叶林、热带雨林。读图完成 31 题。31.关于各代号所表示植被类型的判断,正确的为 A.甲为硬叶林 B.丙为热带雨林C.丁为热带雨林 D.戊为阔叶林32.读图,二战前、后国际人口迁移方向与图形一致的是A.① B.② C.③ D.④33. 右图为“某特大城市东部地区地形剖面示意图”,该地盛行偏东风。某市房地产企业计划将甲处开6发为高档住宅区。甲处的优势条件为A.环境优美 B.购物方便C.地价比市中心便宜 D.交通便利34.下列关于右图城市群等级体系的说法,正确的是:A.服务范围由大到小的排序为:合肥—巢湖—无为 B.服务职能由多到少的排序为:合肥—滁州—蚌埠 C.小学数量由多到少的排序为:六安—巢湖—庐江 D.小汽车专卖店布局先后顺序为:合肥—芜湖—繁昌商品谷物农业是一种面向市场的农业地域类型,其基本特征是生产规模大、机械化程度高、商品率高。下图为“商品谷物农业区位条件示意图” 。读图,完成 35 题。35.图中 a、b、c、d 与下列区位条件对应正确的是A.a-人均耕地面积大 B.b-机械化水平高 C.c-市场广阔D.d-农业科技先进 三、综合应用题(共 3 题 25 分)36.下图某市 30 年来城市化水平迅速提高。读图,回答问题。(6 分)7(1)据图说出该市城市化进程的主要表现。(3 分)(2)从环境因素考虑,指出该市化工厂的布局是否合理,并说明原因。(3 分)37.阅读下列 材料回答问题。 (9 分)材料一:马达加斯加位置及该岛河流和年降水量分布示意图。材料二:水稻是好暖喜湿的短日照作物,双季稻要求年降水量在 1500 毫米以上,旱稻性喜高温耐旱。马达加斯加水稻种植有着得天独厚的优势,全国各地都有栽培,水稻和旱稻种植面积达到 130 万公顷,但水稻单产低,稻米仍不能完全自给。近几年来,中国援助马达加斯加杂交水稻试种成功并获得高产。(1)结合材料一分析马达加斯加岛降水空间分布特征及原因。 (4 分)(2)结合材料分析甲地水稻种植的优势自然条件及应注意的问题。 (5 分)38.读环地中海沿岸国家 有关材料 ,回答下列问题。(10 分)材料一:环地中海沿岸图。材料二:环地中海的法国、西班牙、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、以色列等国的种植业实行专业化生产,成为“时鲜业”的大规模生产基地,该地区“时鲜业”以生产水果、花卉、蔬菜等农产品为主,产 品大量销往欧洲各地。随着保鲜技术的进步,市场前景更加看好。(1)分析影响该地区“时鲜业”发展的不利气候条件,并从社会经济区位条件的角度分析8该地区“时鲜业”得到快速发展的主要原因。 (6 分)(2)根据法国和西班牙的农业区位差异,分别说明两国发展“时鲜业”的优势。 (4 分)广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一地理答卷单选题成绩 双选题成绩 非选择题成绩 总分第Ⅱ卷 非选择题 (共 25 分 )三、综合应用题(共 3 题 25 分)36. (6 分)(1) (3 分)(2) (3 分)37. (9 分)(1) (4 分)(2) (5 分)38. (10 分)(1) (6 分)(2) 班级___________姓名____________学号_________--------------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封------------------------------------线----------------------------------------------------------9(4 分)广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一地理参考答案一.单项选择题(每题 2 分,共 30 题 60 分)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10D B A B C A B C B B11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20D A B C C C B A C D21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30B D D D C D C A D B二、双项选择题(每题 3 分,共 15 分)31 32 33 34 35CD BD AC AD BC三、综合应用题(共 3 题 25 分)36.(1)城市用地规模扩大(1 分) ,城市人口不断增加(1 分) ,城市出现明显的功能分区(1分) 。(2)不合理(1 分 ) 。因为化工厂大气污染和水污染比较严重,布局在最大风频的上风向,其大气污染对居住区影响较大(1 分) ,且其布局在城市河段的上游方向,对城市水质影响较大(1 分) 。37.(1)特征:降水总体从东向西递减(1 分)原因:东侧全年都位于东南信风的迎风坡,降水丰富,西侧位于背风坡降水少(3 分) ;(2)纬度低,全年高温,热量充足;位于河流附近,有灌溉水源;地处沿海平原区,地形平坦。 (每点 1 分,共 3 分)应注意的问题:要加强农田基本建设,合理灌溉(或加强水利设施建设) (1 分) ;要积极加强国际合作,引进粮食新品种;(1 分)要加强遗传育种工程等的研究,提高粮食单产(1 分) 。 (写出两点给 2 分)38.(1)不利条件:年降水总量不足,雨热不同期。 (2 分)社会经济条件:欧洲的城市化水平高,为该地区的时鲜业提供了广阔的市场;交通便利;冷藏保鲜技术的广泛运用。 (任答 2 点得 4 分)(2)法国:距欧洲腹地较近,货物运输便捷;科技力量强,工业基础好。 (2 分)西班牙:纬度较法国低,热量更充足,花卉、果蔬上市早;劳动力资源丰富,成本较低(2 分)1广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一化学试题(满分:100 分;考试时间:60 分钟)可能用到的相对分子质量:H-1 Zn-65一、单项选择题(本题包括 20 小题,每小题 3 分,共 60 分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1. 我国科学家首次合成了一种过渡金属的新核素 ,其单质有延展性、不易被腐蚀等特点,可应用于高科技领域。 185Hf 可由 180Hf 转化而成,下列有关 180Hf、 185Hf 说法正确的是 A. 180Hf 转化为 185Hf 是化学变化 B.二者的核外电子数分别为 108、113C.1mol 180Hf 的中子数比 1mol 185Hf 少 5NA D.在元素周期表中的位置不同2. 两种元素可以形成 AB2型共价化合物的是A.无中子的原子与最外层有 6 个电子的短周期元素的原子B.核电荷数分别为 12 和 17 的元素C.ⅣA 族 和ⅥA 族原子半径最小的元素D.最高正价都为奇数的两种短周期元素3. 化学能与热能、电能等能相互转化。关于化学能与其他能量相互转化的说法正确的是A.化学反应中能量变化的主要原因是化学键的断裂与生成B.化石燃料是可再生性能源,燃烧时将化学能转变为热能C. 下图 I 所示的装置能将化学能转变为电能D.下图 II 所示的反应为吸热反应4. 部分卤族元素的某种性质 A 随核电荷数的变化趋势如右上图所示,则 A 可能表示A.原子半径 B.氢化物的稳定性 C.电子层数 D.单质的熔沸点5. 把 100mL 2mol/L 的 H2SO4跟过量锌粉反应,在一定 温度下,为了减缓反应速率而不影响生成 H2的总量,可在反应物中加入适量的 A. 硫酸铜溶液 B. 硝酸钠溶液 C. 氢氧化钠溶液 D. 醋酸钠溶液6.对铜—锌—稀硫酸组成的原电池装置中,当导线中有 1mol 电子通过时,理论上的两极变化是①锌片溶解了 32.5 克 ②锌片增重了 32.5 克 ③铜片上析出 1 克氢气 ④铜片上析出 1mol 氢气 A. ①③ B.①④ C. ②③ D. ②④7.冶炼金属一般有下列四种方法:①焦炭法;②水煤气(或 H2、CO)法;③活泼金属置换法;④电解法。这四种方法在工业上均有应用。古代有:(Ⅰ)火烧孔雀石[主要成分是Cu2(OH)2CO3]炼铜;(Ⅱ)湿法炼铜。现代有:(Ⅲ)铝热法炼铬;(Ⅳ)从光卤石(主要成分是 MgCl2)中炼镁。下列分析不正确的是2A.①用于(Ⅰ) B.②用于(Ⅱ) C.③用于(Ⅲ) D.④用于(Ⅳ)8.下列关于物质性质变化的比较,不正确的是A.原子半径大小:Na S O B. 还原性强弱:F - Cl- Br- I-C.碱性强弱:KOH NaOH LiOH D. 气态氢化物 稳定性:HBr HCl HF9. X 和 Y 元素的原子,在化学反应中都容易失去电子而形成与 Ne 相同的电子层结构,已知 X 的原子序数比 Y 的原子序数大,下列说法中正确的是A. X 的金属性比 Y 的金属性强B. 常温下,X 和 Y 都不能从水中置换出氢C. Y 元素的氢氧化物碱性比 X 元素的氢氧化物碱性大D. X 元素的最高化合价比 Y 元素的最高化合价低10.几种短周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价如下表,下列叙述正确的是A.X、Y 元素的金属性 X B D C B.A C D B C.C A B D D.B D C A15.下列说法可以证明反应 N2+3H2 2NH3已达到平衡状态的是A.消耗 1mol N2的同时,生成 2mol NH3B.N 2、H 2、NH 3的反应速率比为 1:3:2 的状态C.1mol N≡N 键断裂的同时,有 6mol N-H 键断裂D.N 2和 H2浓度相等的时候 16.下列变化符合右上图示的是①冰雪融化 ②KMnO 4分解制 O2 ③铝与氧化铁的反应 ④钠与水反应 ⑤二氧化碳与灼热的木炭反应 ⑥碘的升华 ⑦Ba(OH) 2·8H2O 和 NH4Cl 的反应3A.②⑥⑦ B.②⑤⑦ C.①②⑤⑥ ⑦ D.③④17.如图所示,杠杆 AB 两端分别挂有体积相同、质量相等的空心铜球和空心铁球,调节杠杆并使其在水中保持平衡,小心地向水槽中滴入 CuSO4浓溶液,一段时间后, 下列说法正确的是(实验过程中,不考虑铁丝反应及两球的浮力变化)A.杠杆为导体或绝缘体时,均为 A 端高 B 端低B.杠杆为导体或绝缘体时,均为 A 端低 B 端高C.当杠杆为导体时,A 端低 B 端高;当杠杆为绝缘体时, A 端高 B 端低D.当杠杆为导体时,A 端高 B 端低;当杠杆 为绝缘体时, A 端低 B 端高18.元素 X、Y、Z 原子序数之和为 36,Y、Z 在同一周期,X、Z 在同一主族,X 原子最外层电子数是 Y 原子最外层电子数的 3 倍。下列说法正确的是A. 同主族元素中 X 的气态氢化物最稳定 B. X、Y、Z 所形成的化合物只含有共价键C. Z 的最高价氧化物对应的水化物化学式为 H3ZO4 D. X 与 Y 可形成共价化合物 19. 四种主族元素的离子 aXm+、 bYn+、 cZn-和 dRm-(a 、b、c、d 为元素的原子序数) ,它们具有相同的电子层结构,若 mn,对下列叙述的判断正确的是 A. 元素非金属性:ZacdC. 离子半径 bYn+ Y20. 现有短周期主族元素 X、Y、Z、R、T,R 原子的最外层电子数是电子层数的 2 倍;Y 与Z 能形成 Z2Y、Z2Y2 型离子化合物,Y 与 T 同主族。五种元素原子半径与原子序数之间的关系如图所示。下列推断正确的是 A.离子半径:YBr2 SO2(1 分)(4)C (1 分 )(5)温度过高,大量水蒸气被蒸出;温度过低,溴不能被完全蒸出。 (2 分)(6)分液漏斗(1 分)(7)将溴水混合物Ⅰ转变为溴水混合物Ⅱ是 Br2 的富集浓缩过程,蒸馏溴水混合物Ⅱ可提高效率,减少能耗,降低成本。 (2 分)8- 1 -v河 岸 MNv河 岸 MNv河 岸 MNv河 岸 MN甲 乙 丙 丁广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一物理试题(满分:100 分;考试时间:60 分钟)一、单项选择题(本题共 5 小题,每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求。每题 3 分,共 15分。 )1、对质点运动的描述,以下说法正确的是 ( ) A.当物体受到的合外力为零时 ,物体仍然可以做曲线运动B.某时刻质点的速度为零则此时刻质点的加速度一定为零C.平抛运动是加速度不变的运动D.匀速圆周运动是加速度不变的运动2、小明同学遥控小船做过河实验,并绘制了四幅小船过河的航线图如图 6 所示。图中实线为河岸,河水的流动速度不变,方向如图水平向右,虚线为小船从河岸 M 驶向对岸 N 的实际航线,小船相对于静水的速度不变。则( )A.航线图甲是正确的,船头保持图中的方向,小船过河时间最短B.航线图乙是正确的,船头保持图中的方向,小船过河时间最短C.航线图丙是正确的,船头保持图中的方向,小船过河位移最短D.航线图丁是不正确的,如果船头保持图中的方向,船的轨迹应该是曲线3、如图 2-2-20 所示,小物体 A 与圆盘保持相对静止,跟着圆盘一起做匀速圆周运动,下列关于 A 的受力情况说法正确的是( )A.受重力、支持力B.受重力、支持力和指向圆心的摩擦力C.受重力、支持力、摩擦力和向心力D.受重力、支持力和与运动方向相同的摩擦力4.如图所示,在同一平台上的 0 点水平抛出的三个物体,分别落到 a、b、c 三点,则三个物体运动的初速度 va、v b、v c的关系和二个物体运动的时间 ta,t b.t c的关系分别是( )A. va>v b>v c ta>t b>t c B. va<v b<v c ta=tb=tcC. va<v b<v c ta>t b>t c D. va>v b>v c ta<t b<t c5、如图 4 所示,a 为地球赤道上的物体,b 为沿地球表面附近做匀速圆周运动的人造卫星,c 为地球同步卫星. a、b、c 做匀速 圆周运动的下列关系中正确的是 ( )A.角速度的大小关系为 bcaB.向心加速度的大小关系为 cC.线速度的大小关系为 vD.周期关系为 bcaT二、多项选择题(本题 8 小题,每小题 4 分,共 32 分。每小题给出的四个选项中,有 多个选项符合题目要求,全选对得 4 分,选对但不全得 2 分,错选、不选得 0 分) - 2 -6.下列现象中,与离心运动有关的是( )A.汽车转弯时速度过大,乘客感觉往外甩B.汽车急刹车时,乘客身体向前倾C.洗衣机脱水桶旋转,将衣服上的水甩掉D.运动员投掷链球时,在高速旋转的时候释放链球7.如图所示,一质点从 M 点到 N点作曲线运动,当它通过 P 点时,其速度 v 和加速度 a 的方向可能正确的是( )8、如图为一压路机的示意图,其大轮半径是小轮半径的 1.5 倍。 A、 B 分别为大轮和小轮边缘上的点。在压路 机前进时( )A. A、 B 两点的线速度之比 vA∶ vB = 1∶1B. A、 B 两点的线速度之比 vA∶ vB = 3∶2C. A、 B 两点的角速度之比 ω A∶ ω B = 3∶2D. A、 B两点的向心加速度之比 aA∶ aB = 2∶39. 在圆轨道上做匀速圆周运动的国际空间站里,一宇航员手拿一只小球相对于太空舱静止“站立”于舱内朝向地球一侧的“地面”上,如图所示.下列说法正确的是( )A.宇航员相对于地球的速度小于 7.9 km/sB.若宇航员相对于太空舱无初速释放小球, 小球落到“地 面”上C.宇航员将不受地球的引力作用D.宇航员对“地面”的压力等 于零 10、长为 l的细绳一端固定,另一端系一个小球,使球在竖直平面内做圆周运动,那么正确的是( )A.小球通过圆周上顶点时的速度最小可以等于零B.小球通过圆周上顶点时的最大速度为 glC.小球通过圆周上最低点时,小球需要的向心力最大D.小球通过圆周上最低点时绳的张力最大11、 质量为 1 kg 的物体在水平面内做曲线运动,已知该物体在互相垂直 方向上的两分运动的速度­时间图象如图所示,则下列说法 正确的是( )A.2 s 末质点速度大小为 7 m/sB.质点所受的合外力大 小为 1.5 NC.质点的初速度大小为 4m/sD.质点初速度的方向与合外力方向垂直12.发射地球同步卫星时,先将卫星发射至近地 圆轨道 1,然后点火,使其沿椭圆轨道 2 运行,最后再次点火,将卫星送入同步圆轨道 3.轨道 1、2 相切于 Q 点,轨道 2、3 相切 于 P 点,如图所示,则当卫星分别在 1、 2、3 轨道上正常 运行时,以下说法正确的是( )A.在轨道 1 上经过 Q 点时的加速度大于它在轨道 2 上经过 Q 点时的加速度MN V VaPaMN VPMN VaPMN VaPA B C D- 3 -B.在轨道 2 上经过 P 点时的加速度等于它在轨道 3 上经过 P 点时的加速度C.在轨道 3 上的速率大于在轨道 1 上的速率D.在轨道 3 上的角速度小于在轨道 1 上的角速度13、如图 27 所示,一同学做飞镖游戏,已知圆盘的直径为 d,飞镖距圆盘为 L,且对准圆盘上边缘 A 点水平抛出,初速度为 v0 ,飞镖抛出的同时,圆盘绕垂直圆盘且过盘心 O 的水平轴匀速转动,角速度为 ω 。若飞镖恰好击中 A 点,则下列关系正确的是( )A、 gLd20B、 ωL =π(1+2 n)v0 , ( n=0,1,2,3,……)C、 0vD、2 dω 2=gπ 2(1+2n)2 , ( n=0,1,2,3,……)三、解答题(本题包括 3 小题,共 53分,写出必要的文字说明和步骤)14、神 舟六号载人飞船在绕地球飞行了 5 圈后变轨,轨道变为距地面高度为 h 的圆形轨道.已知地球半径为 R ,地面附近的重力加速度为 g .求飞船在圆轨道上运行的速度和运行的周期.15.如图所示,轻质杆长为 3L,在杆的 A、B 两端分别固定质量均为 m 的球 A 和球 B,杆上距球 A 为 L 处的点 O 装在光滑的水平转动轴上,杆和球在竖直面内转动,当球 B 运动到最低点时,杆对球 B 的作用力大小为 2mg,已知当 地重力加速度为 g,求此 时:(1)球 B 转动的角速度大小;(2)A 球对杆的作用力大小以及方向;16.如图所示,轨道 ABCD 的 AB 段为一半径 R=0.2m的光滑 1/4 圆形轨道,BC 段为高为 h=5m的竖直轨道,CD 段为水平轨道。一质量为 0.1kg的小球由 A 点从静止开始下滑到 B 点时速度的大小为 2 /s,离开B 点做平抛运动(g 取 10m/s2) ,求:①小球离开 B 点后,在 CD 轨道上的落地点到 C 的水平距离; ②小球到达 B 点时对圆形轨道的压力大小?dA0v27图- 4 -③如果在 BCD 轨道上放置一个倾角 =45°的斜面(如图中虚线所示) , 那么小球离开 B 点后能否落到斜 面上?如果能,求它第一次落在斜面上时与抛出点 B 的 距离。广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考 试高一物理答卷选择题成绩 非选择题成绩 总分第Ⅱ卷 非选择题 (共 53 分 )14、15、班级___________姓名____________学号_________--------------------------------------------密----------------------------------------封------------------------------------线----------------------------------------------------------- 5 -16、广州市培正中学 2015-2016 学年第二学期期中考试高一物理参考答案选择题 一、1-5 C,B,B,C,D二、6-13 ACD、BD、AD、AD、CD、BCD、BD、BD三、14、解: 设地球质量为 M ,飞船质量为 m ,圆轨道的半径为 r;根据万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律 G =mMmr2 v2r在地面附近 G =mg r=R+h 解得:v=R MmR2 gR+h由 T= 求得:T=2π rv 2πR (R+h)3g15、解 :(1)小球 B 受重力和弹力的合力提供向 心力,根据牛顿第二定律:F1﹣mg=mω 2(2L) 其中:F 1=2mg联立解得:ω=(2)A 球的角速度等于 B 球的角速度,为 ;设杆对 A 球是向下的拉力,根据牛顿第二定律,有:F2+mg=mω 2L 解得:F 2=﹣ mg<0,故假设不成立,是向上的支持力;16.解:⑴设小球离开 B 点做平抛运动的时间为 t1,落地点到 C 点距离为 s由 h = 1gt12 得: t1= g= 05s = 1 s s = vB·t1 得 s =2 m ⑵小球 达 B 受重力 G 和向上的弹力 F 作用,由牛顿第二定律知Rm F2==向 解得 F=3N由牛顿第三定律知球对 B 的 压力 ,即小球到达 B 点时对圆形轨道的压力大 小为 3N,方向竖直向下。⑶如图,斜面 BEC 的倾角 θ =45°, CE 长 d = h = 5m 因为 d > s,所以小球离开 B 点后能落在斜面上 (说明:其它解释合理的同样给分。 )假设小球第一次落在斜面上 F 点, BF 长为 L,小球从 B 点到 F 点的时间为 tLcosθ = vBt2 ① Lsinθ = 1gt22 ② 联立①、②两式得 t2 = 0.4sL = cos2tvB= /4.0m = 0.8 m = 1.13m - 1 -广州市培正中学 2015 学年第二学期期中考试高一英语试题(满分:150 分;考试时间:120 分钟)第一部分:听力(共 20 分)第一节;听力理解(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题,各段播放前每小题有 5 秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题,在 5 秒钟内从题中所给的 A、B、C 项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。请听第 1 段对话,回答第 1-3 题。1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Using the left hand. B. Operating machines. C. Designing machines.2. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary. C. Fellow workers.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Left-handers can’t run this kind of machine. B. The woman is left-handed.C. The man is more skillful than the woman.请听第 2 段对话,回答第 4-6 题。4. What are the speakers going to do?A. Go to a party. B. Have a trip. C. Go shopping.5. Why color is the man’s swimming suit?A. Blue. B. Black. C. Yellow.6. What do we know about the man?A. He shouldn’t buy so many things. B. He shouldn’t go out at night. C. He shouldn't take too many things.请听第 3 段对话,回答第 7-9 题。7. What is the British government planning to tax plastic bags?A. To go with the rules in Ireland. B. To reduce the amount of rubbish. C. To make them not too expensive.8. In which countries can you go to prison for using plastic bags?A. Britain and South Africa B. Bangladesh and Ireland.C. South Africa and India.9. Why are plastic bags also stopped in Bangladesh?A. They cost a lot to produce. B. They caused serious flood.C. They were dangerous for animals.请听第 4 段独白,回答第 10-12 题。10. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. People who are interested in computers. B. Students who like designing furniture.C. People who enjoy learning languages.11. How can we benefit from the fair?A. You can get free books and free tickets. B. You’ll get a lot of information about new jobs. C. Experts will talk about the best way to learn language well.12. How much will a student pay for the fair?A. £3. B. £5 C. £2.50.请听第 5 段对话,回答第 13-15 题。13. Why does the man stop the woman?A. She didn’t let children cross the road in a school zone. B. She parked her car in a wrong place near the school. C. She drove faster than the speed limit.14. Why did the woman mention the man’s name?A. She planned to report the man to his boss. B. She told the man that they had met before. C. She thought that the man could let her off.- 2 -15. What happened to the woman at the end of the conversation?A. She got a ticket. B. Her car was seized. C. She was taken to court. 第二节:听取信息(共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分)听下面一段独白,请根据题目要求,从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息,然后填入标号为 16-20 的空格中。Survey on Physical TrainingPeople Percentage ReasonsTake part in (16) __________50% They have no enough (17) __________34.9% They have no places where they can relax, andthat there are not enough (18) __________ facilities (19) __________ They live too far away from the training centers.Do not take part in15% They don't know (20) __________第二部分:语言知识及应用 (共 60 分)第一节:单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)21. –How long are you staying?--I don’t know. __________.A. That’s OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn’t matter.22. We all know the truth _____ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that where23.The lazy waiter ______ to his boss that he had ______ the table.A. lay; laid B. lied; lay C. lied; laid D. laid; laid24. —I’ve got a headache again!—Sorry to hear that. Walk to work every day and you’ll soon back in ______.A. situation B. condition C. position D. attention25. ________matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which26. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave27. _____ came that he was punished by the king for he didn’t _____.A. A word; keep his words B. The word; keep his wordC. Word; keep a word D. Word; keep his word28. It's terrible. I can't _____ to anything today.A. settle down B. sit down C. look down D. break down29. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife. You ______ hurt yourself.A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t30. You ______ worry about him. He will get well soon.A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. may not31. You aren’t boring me. ___________, you’re interesting me very much.A. On the contrary B. However C. Instead of D. Though32. It was almost midnight when a fire ___________ in the neighborhood.A. block out B. turned out C. broke out D. died out33. __________ the cost, that will be very little.A. As for B. With C. Because of D. Besides34. There are so many tall trees in the forest, __________.A. some of them measures 50 metresB. some of which measuring 50 metres- 3 -C. some of them measuring 50 metresD. some of which measures 50 metres35. __________ he could survive after the earth quake is a wonder.A. What B. How C. Why D. That第二节:完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从 36-55 各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项。A little girl wanted to become a great pianist, but all she could play on the piano was the 36 little tune, “Chopsticks.” No matter how hard she tried, that was the 37 she could do. After some time her parents decided to 38 for a great pianist to teach her to play 39 . Of course, the little girl was 40 .When the little girl and her parents arrived at the pianist's house for the first lesson, they were 41 by the servant into the living-room, where they saw a beautiful concert grand 42 . Immediately, the little girl 43 over to the piano and began playing “Chopsticks.” Her 44 parents told her to stop, but as she played, the pianist entered the room and 45 the little girl to continue. The pianist then took a 46 on the piano bench next to the little girl, listening to her play. After a moment he began to play 47 her, adding beautiful musical notes. The little girl 48 to play “Chopsticks.” The parents couldn't believe their 49 . They were hearing a 50 piano duet (二重奏) played by their daughter and the pianist, and 51 enough, the central theme of it was still “Chopsticks.” At times you may feel as if you're a nobody and you will never 52 great things. But think of that little girl. All she could play was “Chopsticks.” It was an embarrassment to her 53 . Compared to some people's 54 , your gifts and talents may seem like “Chopsticks”, but if you 55 with others, you will be able to turn them into something beautiful.36.A.famous B. simple C. beautiful D. amazing37.A. hardest B. latest C. worst D. best38.A. arrange B. hope C. wait D. shout39.A. cheerfully B. normally C. properly D. regularly40.A. delighted B. frightened C.satisfied D.opposed41.A. led B. served C. treated D. introduced42.A. violin B. piano C.bench D. hall43.A. bent B. dashed C. thought D. wandered44.A. discouraged B.terrified C.puzzled D. embarrassed45.A. prohibited B.commanded C. encouraged D.urged46.A. note B.breath C. look D. seat47.A. instead of B.ahead of C. along with D. apart from48.A. continued B. intended C.stopped D. preferred49.A. daughter B. story C. ears D. eyes50.A. familiar B. beautiful C. terrible D. similar51.A. strangely B.curiously C. differently D. amazingly52.A. schedule B. memorize C. accomplish D. describe53.A. teachers B. parents C.gifts D.friends54.A. abilities B. wealth C. knowledge D. achievements55.A. correspond B. consult C. compare D. cooperate第三节:语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。On my first day of Kindergarten, I was both excited and a little 56 (scare). The large classroom was full of books and toys, two things 57 I loved. But it was also full of 58 (kid) all larger than me. Because my birthday was in late September, I was allowed - 4 -in at only 4 years old, and this meant that I was bound to be the 59 (small) kid in my class.I think that my Mom sensed I was a little afraid. That was 60 she was always there to pick me up right after school when I could have 61 (easy) rode the bus. I would jump in the front seat next to her and tell her all about my day. Sometimes we would even read a book and wait until all the cars and buses had left before we 62 (drive) home. I treasured those special times when I had my Mom all to 63 (me). I felt so safe and peaceful when we sat in the car together. 64 (begin) the new challenge of school didn’t seem so difficult when I knew that I could talk 65 it with her. Being a tiny, little kid in a big scary world wasn’t so bad either. I knew that my Mom loved me and that was all I needed to be loving, joyful, and strong.第三部分:阅读(共 30 分)阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项。AI am so appreciating my daughters today and all that we learned while we were growing together. I am especially grateful for the activities that centered on kindness and brought joy to us at the same time.At one time we decided to bake bread for the homeless community(社区) on the beach near our home. We took 2 days during each week to bake mini loaves of bread and also took cheese of each person. As this project went on (eventually for more than two years), one of my daughters started having short conversations with each person she gave bread to. Eventually we brought some playing cards and checkers and played with some of the people, too. Soon several of our friends joined us and we began to make full lunches once a week for this community.Years later when I saw one of the previous free lunch receivers, they would come up to me, share a nice memory from that time as well as how much the kindness meant to them and have some friendship with children, too. We had great fun together.Both of my daughters, now grown with kids of their own, still take time to do kind things for others and community service projects and then share that with me. I am grateful for a focus away from self and to find real joy and purpose in being kind.66. What did the author do?A. She enjoyed the visit from those who had been provided with free lunch.B. She began to communicate with people who received food.C. She baked bread for people around with kindness.D. She purchased and gave out playing cards and checkers alone. 67. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. the author achieved great success due to great effortsB. the author wanted to get appreciation from othersC. the author’s generosity can bring her good luckD. the author’s daughters were influenced by her behaviors 68. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Selfish. B. Modest. C. Warm-hearted. D. Strong-willed.BHumans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.“Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”- 5 -This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don’t have to feed it, you don’t have to walk it, it won’t make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.It’s not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It’s the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn’t need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings,” he said.So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets needn’t have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.69. What does the underlined phrase “sit well with” means?A. be refused by B. be beneficial to C. make a difference to D. receive support from 70. What are the advantages of robot pets?a. They are plastic and feel smooth.b. Owners needn’t worry about them when going out. c. They can help cure allergies.d. They save space and costs.A. ab B. bc C. bd D.cd71. We can learn from the passage that___________.A. Sony is the first company to produce robot pets Aibo. B. People can develop strong bond with their robot pets.C. Rault thinks robot pets still have a long way to go.D. Robot toys may help people care more about living beings.72. The passage mainly tells us___________.A. the advantages of robot toys B. the popularity of robot petsC. living pets are dying out D. robot pets are comingCLee’s mother Sun became unexpectedly pregnant while married to a disabled man. Doctors told her that because of a medication she had been taking her child would not be normal. She chose to continue with the pregnancy and in 1985 in Seoul, South Korea, little Hee Ah Lee was born with only two fingers on each hand, disfigurement of her legs, and slight brain injury. The hospital told Sun that she could not care for the child at home and her relatives wanted her to place the child for adoption in a foreign country. Sun, however, thought her baby would live a successful life.When Lee was a pre-schooler, Sun wanted her daughter to take piano lessons for two reasons. One was that she felt it would help her strengthen her hands so she could hold a pencil. The other was that she felt that if she could master the piano, she could master anything. For six months piano schools turned them down and then the one teacher who did accept the task got discouraged and wanted to quit. It was a three-month contest of wills between mother and daughter that led to a conflict in which Sun actually threw her daughter on the floor in frustration. But Lee got back up on the piano bench and for the first time played a children’s song. That was the turning point and one year later Lee won the grand prize in a piano concert for Kindergartners. It was at the age of 7 that Lee won Korea’s 19th National Handicap Conquest Contest and was presented with her award by the President of - 6 -Korea.Lee has won numerous awards, and is a widely traveled concert pianist with more than 200 appearances. Her first album titled “Hee-ah, a Pianist with Four Fingers” was released in June, 2008.Lee speaks highly of her mother for challenging her to master the piano and said that although her training was difficult, “As time went by,
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