北京市临川学校2015-2016学年高一下学期期末考试试题（全科）.zip

- 1 -45° 甲乙2015-2016 学年北京临川学校高一（下）期末考试物理试卷考试时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分 一、单选题（本大题有 12 个小题；每个小题只有一个最佳答案；选对最佳答案得 4 分；多选、少选或错选均 得 0 分；共 4*12=48 分）1、如图所示，某人游长江，他以一定速度，面部始终垂直河岸向对岸游去。江中各处水流速度相等。他游过的路程、过河所用的时间与水速的关系是（ ） A．水速大时，路程长，时间长B．水速大时，路程长，时间短C．水速大时，路程长，时间不变 D．路程、时间与水速无关2、请读下面诗词：“锄禾 日当午，汗滴禾下土 ”。在汗水下落过程中，不计空气阻力，下列说法正 确的是（ ）A．机械能减少 B．机械能增加C．重力势能减少 D．重力势能增加3、一人踢皮球，球质 量为 10kg。开始时球静止，而后以 20m/s 的速度,以某一角度沿斜上方飞出。假定人踢球瞬间对球平均作用力是 200N，球在水平方向运动了 15m 停止 。则人对球所做的功（ ）A．1000 J B．2000 J C．3000 J D．4000 J4、下列说法不正确的是（ ）A．温度越高，布朗运动越显著 B．布朗运动不是布朗微粒的轨迹C．分子间的引力和斥力都随着分子间的距离增大而减小 D．布朗微粒做无规则运动的原因是由于它受到水分子有时吸引、有时排斥的结果5、奥迪轿车以 20m/s 的速度通过凸形桥最高点时，对桥面的正压力是车重的 3/4 ，则当车对桥面最高点的压力恰好为零时，车速大小为（ ）A．30 m/s B．40 m/s C．60 m/s D．80 m/s6、如图所示，甲、乙两人分别站在赤道和北纬纬度为 45°的地面上，则（ ）A．甲的线速度大小大B．乙的线速度大小大 C．甲的角速度大小大D．乙的角速度大小大7、某星球的质量约为地球质量的 9 倍，半径约为地球半径的一半。若从地球表面高 h 处平抛一物体，水平射程为 60m。则在该星球上，从同样高度以同样的初速度平抛同一物体，水平射程应为（ ）A．10 m B．20 m C．30 m D．15 m 8、质量为 m 的物体，静止放在粗糙的水平地面上。现用一水平拉力使物体从静止开始运动，其运动的 v-t 图象如图所示；设整个过程中阻力大小不变。下列关于物体运动过程分20080605- 2 -析正确的是（ ）A．0-t 1内拉力对物体做负功B．0-t 1内拉力逐渐减小C．在 t1–t2时间内拉力的 功率为零D．在 t1-t2时间内合外力做的功为 21mv9、如图所示，一物块以 6m/s 的初速度，从曲面 A 点运动到 B 点，速度仍为 6m/s；若物块以 5m/s 的初速度 仍由 A 点下滑，不计空气阻力。则它运动到 B 点时的速度大小（ ）A.大于 5m/sB.等于 5m/sC.小于 5m/sD.条件不足，无法利用对称性计算10、半径为 R 的圆桶，固定在小车上。一光滑小球静止在圆桶的最低点，如图所示。小车、圆筒和小球一起，以速度 v 向右匀速运动。当小车遇到障碍物突然停止时，小球在圆桶中上升的高度不可能的是（ ）A．等于 B．大于 v22g v22gC．等于 2R D．小于 2R 11、如图（甲）所示，a 是地球赤道上的一点，某时刻在 a 的正上方有三颗卫星 b、c、d，他们的圆轨道与赤道平面共面，各卫星的运行方向均与地球自转方向相同（顺时针方向，图（甲）中已标出） 。其中 d 是地球同步卫星。从该时刻起，经过一段时间 t（在t 时间内，b 卫星还没有运行完一周） ，各卫星相对 a 的位置最接近实际的是图（乙）中的（ ） 12、某人用 50N 的恒力 F，通过动滑轮把重物拉上斜面，如图所示，用力方向始终与斜面成 600 角。将物体沿斜面向上移动 1.0m，他所做的功（ ）A.25JB.50J C.75JD.条件不足，无法计算二、多选题（本大题有 2 个小题；每个小题有且仅有两个最佳选项；同时选对两个最佳选项得 5 分；选对一个最佳选项且无错选得 3 分，有错选或者不选得 0 分；共 2*5=10 分）13、某同学在“用油膜法估测分子的大小”实验中，计算出油酸的分子直径约 。m108甲adcb乙dcabAdcabBdcabCdcabD- 3 -分析此同学的实验，下列结论可能正确的是（ ）A.油酸未完全散开 B.实验结果满足油酸分子直径的数量级C.计算油膜面积时，舍去了所有不足一格的方格D.求每滴油酸酒精溶液的体积时，1 mL 的溶液的滴数误多记了 10 滴14、水平传送带匀速运动，速度大小为 v。现将一个小工件（初速度为零）轻轻放在传送带上，它将在传送带上滑行一段时间后速度才达到 v，而后与传送带保持相对静止。设工件的质量 m，它与传送带间的动摩擦因数为 ，则在这段相对滑行的过程中（ ）A.滑动摩擦力对工件做功一定大于 B.工件的机械能增量为2mv 2mvC.工件相对于传送带滑动的路程为 D.传送带对工件做功为零g三、填空题（本大题有 2 个小题，共 5 个空；每个空有且仅有 1 个最佳答案；填对一空得2 分；共 2*5=10 分）15（1） 、如图所示，水平面上有一物体，人通过光滑定滑轮用绳子拉它。在图示位置时，若人的速度为 5 m/s，方向水平向右。则物体瞬时速度的大小为____________m/s. （保留两位有效数字） 15（2） 、太阳正处于主序星演化阶段，为了研究太阳演化进程，需知道目前太阳的质量M。已知地球半径 R=6.4×106m，地球质量 m=6.0×1024㎏，日地中心的距离r=1.5×1011 m，地球表面处的重力加速度 g=10 m/s2。1 年约为 3.2×107 s。试估算目前太阳的质量 M_______________kg（保留一位有效数字；用科学计数法表示）16、在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中，打点计时器接在电压为 6V 频率为 50Hz 的交流电源上。自由下落的重物质量为 1kg，获得一条理想的纸带，数据如图所示，单位是cm。g 取 9.8m/s2，O、A 之间有几个计数点没画出，A、B、C 为依次打下的计时点。(1)从起点 O 到打下计时点 B 的过程中，重力势能的减少量△E P= Ｊ，此过程中物体动能的增量△E K= Ｊ。 （小数点后保留两位）(2)在利用重锤自由落下验证机械能守恒定律的实验中，产生误差的主要原因是（ ）A.重锤下落的实际高度大于测量值B.重锤下落的实际高度小于测量值C.重锤实际末速度 v 大于 gtD.重锤实际末速度 v 小于 gt四、计算题（本大题有 3 个小题；请写出必要的受力分析、演算过程、解题步骤及重要关系式，并得出结果；共 10+10+12=32 分）17、质量为 10t（1 t=1000 kg）的汽车，额定功率为 66kw。在平直路面上行驶，汽车受到的阻力恒为车重（mg）的 0.05 倍，g=10m/s 2。求：（10 分）（1）汽车能够达到的最大速度大小是多少？（3 分）- 4 -（2）如果汽车以额定功率行驶，那么当汽车速度为 5m/s 时，其加速度大小是多大？（3 分）（3）如果汽车以 7.5m/s 的速度匀速行驶，发动机的功率是多大？（4 分）18、宇宙中存在一些质量相等且离其他恒星较远的四颗星组成的四星系统，通常可忽略其他星体对它们的引力作用。设每个星体的质量均为 m，四颗星稳定地分布在边长为 a 的正方形的四个顶点上，已知这四颗星均围绕正方形对角线的交点做匀速圆周运动，引力常量为 G，试求：（10 分）（1）星体做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径 r；（2 分）（2）若观测到星体的半径为 R，则该星体对自身表面产生的重力加速度大小（不计其他星球的影响） ；（3 分）（3）求星体做匀速圆周运动的公转周期 T。 （5 分）19、山谷中有三块大小不等的石头和一根不可伸长的轻质青藤，其示意图如图。图中A、 B、 C、 D 均为石头的边缘点， O 为青藤的固定点。 h1＝1.8 m， x1＝4.8 m， x2＝8.0 m， h2＝4.0 m。开始时，质量分别为 M＝10 kg 和 m＝2 kg 的大、小两只金丝猴分别位于左边和中间的石头上，当大猴发现小猴将受到伤害时，迅速从左边石头的 A 点水平跳至中间石头。而后大猴抱起小猴跑到 C 点，大猴抓住青藤下端，和小猴一起荡到右边石头上的 D 点，此时速度恰好为零（小猴在整个过程没有接触青藤） 。运动过程中大小猴均可看成质点，空气阻力不计，重力加速度 g＝10 m/s 2.求：（12 分）(1)大猴从 A 点水平跳离时速度的最小值大小；(3 分)(2)大猴子抓住青藤荡起时的速度大小；(4 分)(3)C 点处大猴荡起时，大猴对青藤的拉力。(5 分)- 5 -2015-2016 学年北京临川学校高一（下）期末考试物理答案考试时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分 一、单选题答案：1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12C C B D B A A B A B D C二、多选题答案13 14AC BC三、填空题答案：15(1) 15（2） 16（1） 16（2）8.7 M=2*1030kg 0.49J 0.48J D四、计算题答案：17、 （1） …………①（1 分）kmgf…………②（1 分）eFPvF1=f…………③ 由①②③，带入数据得：v=13.2m/s…………④（1 分）（2） …………⑤（ 1 分）2ev…………⑥（1 分）mfa由①⑤⑥，带入数据得：a=0.82m/s 2；…………⑦（答案 1 分）（3） …………⑧（2 分） 3VFP…………⑨（1 分）f由①⑧⑨，代入数据得：P 3=3.75×104w …………(1 分）18、解析：（1）由星体均围绕正方形对角线的交点做匀速圆周运动可知，星体做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径 …………（2 分）2ra（2）由万有引力的定律可知 …………（2 分）'2'mgRG- 6 -则星体表面的重力加速度 …………（1 分）2'gRmG（3）星体在其他三个星体的万有引力作用下围绕 正方形对角线的交点做匀速圆周运动，由万有引力定律和向心力公式得：分 ）（π 分 ）（分 ）（）（ 分 ）（向 有有向有 效有 效 1r4m*2a145cos2121 TFGF解得周期 …………（1 分）2(4)aGm19、答案 (1)8 m/s (2)45 m/s (3)216 N解析 (1)设猴子从 A 点水平跳离时速度的最小值为 vmin，根据平抛运动规律，有h1＝1/2* gt2…………①(1 分)x1＝ vmin*t…………②(1 分)联立①②式，得 vmin＝8 m/s…………③(1 分)、 （8.0m/s 也对）(2)猴子抓住青藤后的运动过程中机械能守恒，设荡起时速度为 vC，有…………④(2 分)22cghm）（）（ M解得： …………⑤(2 分)/s54vc(3)设拉力为 FT，青藤的长度为 L，对最低点，由牛顿第二定律得…………⑥(2 分)T2cvg)(）（ 由几何关系 …………⑦(1 分)22x)h(得： L＝10 m⑧…………(1 分)联立⑤⑥⑧式并代入数据解得：FT＝216 N…………(1 分)1北京临川学校 2015-2016 学年下学期期末考试 高一英语试卷 本试卷共四部分, 满分 150 分。考试时间 120 分钟。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 称钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What is the woman going to do tomorrow?A. Go fishing B. Go swimming C. Go to the hospital2.How does the man find his job?A. It is interesting and fun. B. Its pay is good. C. It is always tiring.3.What are the speakers talking about?A.A story. B. A book. C.A movie.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At the railway station. B. At the bus stop. C. At the airport.5.Where is the man going ?A. The classroom. B. The cinema. C. The library.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面5段对话或独白。选出最佳选项。请听第6段材料. 回答第6至7题。6.Why is the man going to the United States?A. To travel. B. To visit his friends. C. To attend a conference.7.When will the man probably leave for the United States?A. In mid-February. B. In mid-January. C. In early January请听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Why does the man say it wasn't easy to win the match?A. The visiting team was really strong.B. The coach of visiting team was very good.C. The best player in his team didn't play.9.When is the man’s next match?A. This Friday. B. Next Friday. C. Next Sunday.请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.For whom does the man order the computer?A. His wife. B. His friend. C. His daughter.11.What color does the man want?A. Red. B. Black. C. White.12.What size does the man want to buy?A.A 13-inch one. B. A 15-inch one. C. A 17-inch one.请听第9段材料. 回答第13至16题。13.What does the man want to do tomorrow?A. Go fishing. B. Go swimming. C. Go for a picnic.14.Why is Jenny so busy?A. She will give a performance soon.B. She will have a test soon.C. She has to go to the hospital frequently.15.What is Jenny crazy about?2A. Singing. B. Reading. C. Dancing.16.Why won’t the woman take her camera with her tomorrow?A. She has lost it .B. She has lent it to someone else.C. There is something wrong with it.请听第10段材料. 回答第17至20题。17.What is special about TCL TV sets?A. They are cheaper than the old ones.B. They are much lighter than the old ones.C. They show clearer pictures than the old ones.18.What will the woman get for free if she buys a TCL TV set now?A.A CD player. B.A DVD player. C. An MP5 player.19.How much should the woman pay if she buys two TCL TV sets?A.4000 dollars. B.6000 dollars. C.8000 dollars.20.How will the woman take the TV sets?A .She will take them by herself.B. She will pay the store to deliver them.C. The store will deliver them for free.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。AI was in a terrible mood. Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadn’t invited me. I was in my room thinking of ways to make them sorry when my father came in. “Want to go for a ride, today, Beck? It’s a beautiful day.”“No! Leave me alone!” Those were the last words I said to him that morning. My friends called and invited me to go to the mall with them a few hours later. I forgot to be mad at them and when I came home to find a note on the table. My mother put it where I would be sure to see it. “Dad has had an accident. Please meet us at Highland Park Hospital”. When I reached the hospital, my mother came out and told me my father’s injuries were extensive. “Your father told the driver to leave him alone and just call 911, thank God! If he had moved Daddy, there’s no telling what might have happened. A broken rib（肋骨）might have pierced（穿透）a lung.”My mother may have said more, but I didn’t hear. I didn’t hear anything except those terrible words: Leave me alone. My dad said them to save himself from being hurt more. How much had I hurt him when I hurled those words at him earlier in the day?It was several days later that he was finally able to have a conversation. I held his hand gently, afraid of hurting him. “Daddy… I am so sorry…”“It’s okay, sweetheart. I’ll be okay. ”“No,” I said, “I mean about what I said to you that day. You know, that morning?”My father could no more tell a lie than he could fly. He looked at me and said. “Sweetheart, I don’t remember anything about that day, not before, during or after the accident. But I remember kissing you goodnight the night before. ”He managed a weak smile. My English teacher once told me that words have immeasurable power. They can hurt 3or they can heal. And we all have the power to choose our words. I intend to do that very carefully from now on.21. The author was in bad mood that morning because _______. A. he couldn’t drive to the mall with his friends.B. his father had a terrible accidentC. his father didn’t allow him to go out with his friends D. his friends hadn’t invited him to the cinema22. Why did the author say sorry to his father in the hospital?A. Because he was rude to his father that morning. B. Because he didn’t get along with his father. C. Because he failed to come earlier after the accident. D. Because he couldn’t look after his father in the hospital.23. The reason why the author’s father said he forgot everything about that day is that _____A. he had a poor memory B. he didn’t hear what his son saidC. he lost his memory after the accident D. he just wanted to comfort his son24. What lesson did Beck learn from the matter?A. Don’t hurt others with rude words. B. Don’t treat your parents badly. C. Don’t move the injured in an accident. D. Don’t be angry with friends at small things. BPeople are overweight for many reasons, the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods, get the wrong types of calories per meal, and they also eat meals at the wrong time each day. Food is more powerful than any weight loss pill, because the food that you eat can either make you thin or fat. This is true because your body is like an engine, and it only needs certain foods at certain intervals(间隔) each day.Low-calorie Diets Do Not WorkThe reason people cannot lose weight by starving themselves is that their metabolism(新陈代谢) will detect any major drop in calories and it will then adjust itself by burning fewer calories each day. That is the reason why you can eat 1,000 calories per day and not lose any weight, while your friends can eat 2,500 calories per day and not gain any weight.Low-fat Diets Do Not WorkMany people in today’s society are buying mostly low-fat or non-fat food at the grocery store. Everybody knows how much fat is inside the food they buy. However, people are getting fatter than ever before by doing this. They are not losing weight by changing to this low-fat lifestyle.Losing weight has nothing to do with these things. One of the most important things you can do to control your weight is to eat the proper foods, such as fruit and vegetables, eat them at the right time, and exercise every day. If people make this a habit, they will lose weight.25. What is the main reason why people are overweight?A. They burn many calories every day. B. They eat the wrong foods at the wrong time. C. They eat food with lots of calories. D. They don’t take weight loss pills. 26. The article is written in order to________.A. tell readers not to buy low-fat or non-fat food.B.tell readers about an important scientific discovery. 4C .tell readers how to lose weight.D. call on people to lose weight and stay healthy.27. To realize the aim of your weight loss plan, you should_________.a. do exercise every day b. eat meals at the right time c. eat fruits and vegetables d. eat low-fat or sweet foode. eat the proper foods at each mealA. a, b, c, e B. a, b, d, e C. a, c, d, e D.a, b, c, d COctober 15th is the Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than 20 countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. For example, donators will give 150,000 bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia.Experts say people around the world wash their hands every day, but very few use soap at so-called important moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food.Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Partners include the United Nations Children’s Fund, American government agencies, the World Bank and soap makers Unlever and Procter and Gamble. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germ. They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails. Rub for at least twenty seconds. Then rinse well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air.The Partnership for Handwashing says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend in washing hands. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell. The Partnership for Handwashing also says washing with soap before eating or after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine(疫苗)or medicine. Hand washing could also prevent the spread of other diseases. When people get germs on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, noses or mouths. Then they can infect others.28. What’s the best title for this passage?A.Hand washing: so important--it gets a day of its own.. B. Find out why washing hands carefully is so important.C.Say no to washing hands in the wrong way.D. Want to live a longer life?--wash your hands.29. The word “rinse” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.A. to dry your hands B. to rub your hands carefully C.to wash away the soap D. to clean your fingers30. The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how to wash your hands correctly B.the dangers of washing hands without soapC.why washing hand with soap is so importantD. when we should especially wash our hands with soap31. In which part of newspaper would you most probably read this passage?A. Health report B. Public service C. Medical care D.advertisementDLet us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let’s make believe (假装；虚构) it is about sixty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the 5moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment (娱乐) of young and old.What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven’t yet started to take on heir (继承 ) supply of energy directly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed bypests. The harvest is always good.Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.People are now largely vegetarians (素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animal decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.Such would be our life in 2060.32. When was the passage written?A. In about A.D. 2060. B. In about 1960.C. In about 2004. D. In about 2000.33. According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A.D. 2060?A.Many other animals. B.Many tourists. C. Many plants. D. A sea.34. What will people eat then according to the passage?A. Foods in pill form. B.Biscuits in pill form. C .Foods in water form. D. Foods in gas form.35. The passage tells us that in 2060, ____ on the earth than now.A. there are fewer population B. there are more pestsC. the crops are getting better D.there is less wate第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Without plants, people couldn’t live. We eat plants. _____36____. And we need plants for another reason: We need them because they are beautiful._____37_____.Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes. Imagine, when the wind blows, we are not able to hear the leaves of the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side. _____38____.That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always like houses with room for some grass and a garden.Do you talk to your plants? _____39___Perter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called The Secret of Plants, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were plants in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. _____40____Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves.A. Plants get energy from the sun.B.After six months, the deserted plant faded away.C. After six months, the beloved plant was biggerD. We take in oxygen that plants make.E. Everywhere people need beautiful plants.F. Imagine a world with no plants.G. Do you give them love and take good care of them?第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项.6Learn and EarnCharlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company together just after graduation. They both worked very hard. After several years, the boss made Jackie sales manager but Charlie 41 a salesman. One day Charlie could not 42 it any more. He handed in his resignation letter (辞职信) to the boss and complained that the boss did not 43 hard-working employees, but only raised those who tried to please him. He thought that it was really 44 .The boss knew that Charlie had spared no 45 for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie to realize the 46 between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the following. “Go and 47 if there is anyone selling watermelons in the market.” Charlie went, returned and 48 said, “Yes.” The boss asked, “How much per kilogram?” Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to 49 , “$ 12 per kg.”The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the 50 question. Jackie went, returned and said, “Boss, only one person selling watermelons. $ 12 per kg, $ 100 for 10 kg. He has a 51 o