1、Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been gi
2、ven support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, w
3、ater, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution,
4、 “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than
5、2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing t
6、imber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “
7、bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral
8、resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary Riv
9、er Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of
10、three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivost
11、ok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Orienta
12、l Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi论赏识教育在班级管理中的应用论赏识教育与班级管理摘 要 基础教育课程改革纲要 要求：班主任应尊重学生的人格，关注个体差异，满足学生的学习需要，创设能引导学生主动参与的教育环境；激发学生的学习积极性，培养学生掌握和运用知识的态度和能力，使每个学生都能得到充分发展。 “赏识教育”是针对现行教育中“抱怨教育”弊端而提出的以信任、理解、尊重、激励、提醒为思维方式的新的教育模式。本论文从河南平顶山市第二高级中学学生的实际情况
13、出发，结合在班级管理中尝试这一教育模式的实践，就赏识教育的理论依据、内涵和特点，原则，操作方法，以及实施赏识教育对班主任和家长的要求、优势分析和实施误区等几个方面的问题进行思考总结，从学生的情感需求入手，阐明了在班级管理过程中，教师应该用赏识的眼光看待学生，发现学生身上的闪光点，肯定学生的特长，激发学生的潜能，使学生更加健康地成长，从而培养出适应社会发展的人。本论文的研究，一方面对丰富赏识教育在教育方法论中的理论研究，扩大赏识教育的应用范围和社会影响，具有十分重要的理论意义；另一方面，能够结合市二高生源质量较差的现实情况和特点，在班级管理中尝试运用赏识教育，多方面，多层次，多角度地赏识学生，鼓
14、励学生，从而有效地培养学生的综合能力，充分发挥其特长，增强学生的学习激情，激发学生的学习动力；同时，可以充分发挥市二高特色学校的优势，大胆创新，进一步深化教学教研改革，从而不断提高教学质量，走特色办学之路。关键词 赏识教育、班级管理、教育心理学、个体差异素质教育 一. 赏识教育的理论依据1.心理学理论依据美国心理学家詹姆士曾经说过：“人最本质的需要是渴望被肯定。 ”学生在成长过程中，其自我意识的产生主要是通过教师和成人对他的评价。他们的心灵敏感而脆弱，渴望成人的肯定，需要成人的鼓励、喝彩和掌声。即使是一句简单的称赞，一个关切的眼神，也会给他们带来莫大的鼓舞。赏识符合学生的心理发展特征，心理学（
15、马斯洛“需要层次”理论）告诉我们，人类除了最基本的生理和安全需要外，最重要的需要就是被尊重的需求，希望得到他人的欣赏，得到社会的肯定性评价。 班主任通过关心、关注、表扬、赞赏来调动学生的兴趣、情感、意志、性格等非智力因素参与学习活动，以激发其学习动力，挖掘其学习潜力，发挥其积极性、主动性和创造性。实验证明，非智力因素对学生学习的影响远比智力因素的影响要大。2.教育学理论依据赏识教育是情商教育的基础，是一种承认差异、允许失败的教育方法。赏识紧紧抓住了情感因素，因为人在兴奋的状态中大脑会产生类似吗啡的因素，刺激神经细胞的活跃，使人Leaders: provincial agricultural w
16、ork Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the
17、province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the terr
18、itory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heral
19、ded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in t
20、he internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 milli
21、on cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northe
22、ast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, g
23、eopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacit
24、y the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in
25、 the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea,
26、to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese in
27、vading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi产生愉快的感觉，这样，学习的效率会有所提高。赏识教育又是让孩子热爱生命和珍惜生命的教育。人由于先天的素质和后天的社会生活及所受教育的不同，个人的能力在类型、水平和早晚方面存在着个别差异。从事同一活动，存在能力个别差异的人从事同一活动，会有不同的结果。因此，不可能使每个人都成为爱因斯坦或爱迪生。赏识教育是承认差异、允许失败的教育，它更充分地考虑到受教育者的个体差异，主张对于那些成不了爱因斯坦而又最大限度地发展了个人潜能的学生给予同样的赏识，同样的赞扬。陶行知老先生曾深刻指出：“教育孩
28、子的全部奥秘，在于相信孩子和解放孩子。 ”赏识教育的特点就是注重发现孩子身上的优点和长处，进而“小题大做” ，给他们以鼓励信任、理解宽容、自物自励、完善自我。苏霍姆林斯基曾说过：“请记住成功的欢乐是一种巨大的精神力量，它可以促进儿童好好学习的愿望。 ”著名的皮格马利翁效应也说明，一个人对另一个人成功的信心会促进其成功。因此，在教育教学过程中就应该树立这样的观念：教师的赏识是引导学生走向成功的阶梯。辩证唯物主义认为，内因在事物发展中起决定性作用。教育规律和教育实践均证明，学生是学习的主体。在教育教学过程中需要充分调动和发挥学生的主体性、积极性。教育过程不是简单的知识移植或给予的过程，只能是学生在
29、教师的组织、引导、启发下，经过自身的努力才能实现的。赏识教育通过激励、赞扬来激发和调动学生学习的积极性、主动性，使其从内心愿意学习、喜欢学习。这种愉快的情感体验能唤醒学生内心的上进意识，进而由进步动机付诸于进步行动。这就真正体现了学生是学习的主体的教育思想。二.赏识教育的内涵所谓“赏识教育”就是教育者以信任、尊重、理解、激励、宽容、提醒的心态和思维方式对被教育者实施教育，并且在教育的过程中，紧紧抓住被教育者所要发展方向上表现出来的优点、进步给予客观公正的肯定和赏识，让星星之火成燎原之势，让被教育者在“我能行” “我是好学生”的感觉中走向成功。赏识在词典里的解释为给人赞扬肯定，以调动人的积极性，
30、它使作用对象的生理和心理产生快感。马斯洛“需要层次理论”告诉我们，人类除了最基本的生理、安全需要外，更高层次的需求就是对尊重的需求，希望得到他人的肯定和欣赏，得到社会的肯定性评价。这种由外到内的正向激励能满足人内心的积极因素，形成肯定自我的意识。这种肯定自我的多次沉淀，就会积累成功感，就会种下自信的种子，而对正处于世界观和人生观形成时期的高中学生更是至关重要。因为“赏识”正符合高中生渴望被肯定、被认可的心理需求，所以这种“你能行”的环境就能内化为“我能行”的积极行为。赏识教育是由中国青少年研究中心周弘老师所倡导的以赏识为基本原理的教育思想和方法。其主要的思想体现在以下几方面：、赏识教育是一种允
31、许失败、承认差异的教育。在实施素质教育的今天，我们必须承认学生的个性差异。在学校教育中，要营造宽松和谐Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a wa
32、rm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superi
33、or ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national lev
34、el, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 mi
35、llion acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious w
36、ood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar
37、plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China “bee of Xiang“, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and “three spent five Luo“, North cold water sp
38、ecialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between Chin
39、a and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding
40、to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European co
41、untries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli Riv
42、er, a famous treasure island, known as the “Oriental Maginot line“ of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi的学习环境，教师就要正确对待学生在学习过程中的失败，要坚信学生在教师的指导下终有成功的一刻，要善于帮助学生在跌倒了之后再自己爬起来。从某种意义上说，是让学生在宽松和谐的学习环境中享受失败。正是这种允许失败、不怕失败的观念和做法，使学生走向学习的成功。、赏识教育能激发学生潜能，满足学生内心深处的需求德国心理学家阿德勒
43、说他在念书时，认为自己完全缺乏数学才能，毫无数学学习的兴趣，因此考试经常不及格。后来偶尔发生的一件事，让他的潜能迸发出来。那天，他出乎意料地解出了一道连老师也不会做的数学难题。这次成功改变了他对数学的态度，找到了数学天才的感觉，结果他成了学校里的数学尖子。赏识教育的奥秘就是让学生觉醒，推掉压在无形生命上自卑的巨石，让学生的潜能像火山一样爆发。、赏识教育并不仅是表扬加鼓励，赏识的概念里也有批评赏识本身是学生最渴望的精神需求，但在赏识教育中教师不仅要表扬、鼓励学生，也要实事求是地进行批评教育。当然批评时要做到对事不对人，不能因为学生在某种事上做错了，就一棍子打倒，全盘否定。赏识的批评要给学生这样的
44、感觉：你仍然是最好的学生，犯了错不要紧(或失败了没关系)，相信自己能改正。、赏识教育培养出来的学生更具有忍耐力赏识教育在把做人权利还给学生的同时，把做人的责任也让他承担起来，也就是让学生在无形生命升华的同时，让他们的有形生命也经得起风雨的磨难。有人认为给学生无形生命的赏识太多，会让学生自我感觉良好，一旦在社会上得不到赏识就会适应不了。事实并非如此，如果把学生的无形生命比作一棵树，在生长之初，它接受的赏识多，所得到的养份就充足，成长就快，等到长成一棵参天大树时，就能接受风雨的洗礼了。反之，若它接受的批评指责多，那它弱小的身躯就无法抵挡风雨了。而且，孩子深受社会的影响，始终处于社会与家庭、学校的评
45、价之下，所以赏识是给学生力量，让他有勇气去面对生活中的一切挑战。三. 赏识教育的本质现代心理学研究表明：人的自我观念就是对自己的行为、能力或价值所特有的感觉、态度和评价，它是主管自身行为的一组心理历程，每个人把自己的一切愿望、爱好、信念、习惯都统统浓缩在自我观念里，组织和引导自己去处理一切与己有关的信息，从而成为个人经验的依据，认知的中心和与他人互动的起点，统摄整个人格，一个自我观念不良的人，不能肯定自己的价值，形成许多被称之为“自卑情结”的心理症状，这种症状不仅破坏学生个性的完整，而且对学生的认知会造成不良影响。赏识教育着力以各种小的成功强化学生的自尊与自信，改善学生（特别是“差生” ）所形
46、成的错误的自我观念，进而以积极健康的自我观念推动整个人的精神面貌、情感状态及认知活动的改善，推动他不断走向成功。赏识教育的本质是生命的教育，是爱的教育，是充满人情味、富有生命力的教育。人性中最本质的需求就是渴望得到赏识、尊重、理解和爱，就精神生命而言，每个孩子都是为得到赏识而来到人世间，赏识教育的特点是注重学生的优点和长处，逐步形成燎原之势，让Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultura
47、l and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to al
48、l the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square k
49、ilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, “pure land“ reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials “the most suitable place for human survival.“ Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold “cattle“, there should be mor
