1、禽流感相关词汇hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素Neuraminidase 神经氨酸苷酶Nucleoprotein 核蛋白Nonstructural Protein 非结构蛋白Matrix Protein 基质蛋白world organization for animal health (OIE) 国际兽医组织HPAIV 高致病性禽流感病毒LPAIV 低致病性禽流感病毒NPAIV 无致病性禽流感病毒seasonal epidemics 季节性流行病 avian influenza/ bird flu 禽流感 high pathogenicity 高致病性 Highly Pathogeni
2、c Avian Influenza/HPAI 高致病性禽流感 migratory waterfowl 迁徙性的水禽 shore birds岸禽 poultry 家禽 prophylactic measures 防病措施 rapid bedside tests 快速临床试验antiviral drugs 抗病毒药物 Tamiflu泰米弗氯 (瑞士罗氏制药公司研制的抗流感药物)M2 inhibitorsM2抑制剂amantadine 金刚(烷)胺rimantadine 金刚烷乙胺neuraminidase inhibitors 神经氨(糖)酸苷酶, 唾液酸苷酶zanimivir 扎那米韦（葛兰素史
3、克生产的抗流感药物）organic solvent 有机溶剂 aether 乙醚chloroform 氯仿acetone丙酮 formalin 福尔马林 oxidant 氧化剂diluted acid 稀酸 deoxysodium cholate？ 去氧胆酸钠 hydroxylamine 羟胺 lauryl sodium sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠ammonium ion 铵离子halogen compounds 卤素化合物 bleaching powder 漂白粉 iodine 碘酊 heavy metal ion 重金属离子 ultraviolet radiation 紫外线 disi
4、nfectants 消毒剂 protective clothing 防护服masks of N95-type N-95型防护面罩 cull，stamp out, destroy 扑杀（动物）（屠宰后）兽体carcasses 带病毒的(动物)粪便 contaminated manure/droppings/faeces机械性传媒 mechanical vectors自然宿主 natural reservoir (of bird flu viruses)抗传染 resistant to infection流感流行 influenza pandemic禽传人 birds-to-human trans
5、mission人传人 human-to-human transmission, person-to-person transmission人患禽流感病例 human cases of bird flu世界卫生组织全球流感监测网络WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network网络实验室 network laboratoriesH5N1类禽流感菌株 H5N1 strain预防措施 pre-emptive measures/preventative measures有与其它流感病毒交换基因的倾向：have the propensity to exchange ge
6、nes with influenza viruses from other species.现有的疫苗 currently available vaccines, existing vaccines预防接种 vaccinate (病毒)分离 isolate原型病毒 prototype virus 哺乳动物病毒mammalian virus流感病毒属Influenza Virus原型疫苗prototype vaccineH5N1原型病毒H5N1prototype virus储存疫苗 stockpiling vaccines突然发病 sudden onset引发流感流行 trigging an i
7、nfluenza pandemic病毒突变 mutate，virus mutation基因交换 gene swapping基因重组 genetic recombination基因易变 genetically labile宿主的防御能力host defense（基因）复制错误 replication errors基因修复 gene repair抗原变体antigenic variant抗原变异 antigenic variation抗原飘移 antigenic drift抗原位移 antigenic shift从（人或禽类）病毒中获取遗传物质 scrambling/acquiring genetic materials from human and avian viruses 混合器 blender流感的亚型influenza subtype自然免疫力natural immunity
