1、1Unit 4 Earthquakes李仕才一、阅读理解。(2018四川省成都市诊断性检测)What are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may put them on hold. Theres a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星)On Thursday, National Geog
2、raphic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the notsodistant year of 2037, the iglooshaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, ca
3、lled regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisablekitchen, bedroombut there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earths, people will need permanent shelter from the s
4、un and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses wont have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dange
5、rous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double airlocked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.“We dont think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre， ” says Stephen Petranek, author of How Well Live on Mars. This is not
6、 just the stuff of scifi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars， ” Petranek says.“Weve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we havent had the will， ” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely 2swung public attitudes.”The private compan
7、ies participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught societys eye.【解题导语】 本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。1What can we know about the show home from the text?AIt has no windows or doors due to security concern.BIts design presents
8、the idea of environmental protection.CIt has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.DIts underground passages connect all the buildings together.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句可推知，火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件，体现了环保意识，故选 B。2What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AP
9、ut them off. BGive them away.CCarry them through. DTake them seriously.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句可推知，之前的列举都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为可能，故选 A。3According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars?AThe great influence of Mars show home.BThe development of related technology.CThe competiti
10、on from private companies.DThe popularity of influential books on Mars.C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The private companies participation has forced government agencies to up their game”可知，Petranek 认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，故选 C。4What is the best title for the text?ALiving on Mars: Possible or NotBSending P
11、eople to Mars: Yes or No3CFirst Ever Show Home: How Is It Made?DFuture Home on Mars: What Will It Be like?D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍，故选 D。二、单句语法填空1It had gotten very cold, and I guessed the good weather was an end.答案：at2With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful
12、is now completely in (ruin)答案：ruins3In the past ten years a number of high buildings (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.答案：have arisen4(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?答案：had done5When she heard about the news that her father had died in the acc
13、ident, she burst out (cry)答案：crying6This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.答案：frightened7After very careful consideration, I decided to take a risk based on my own (judge)答案：judgment8On arriving there, we expressed our (congratulate) to him on his success.答案
14、：congratulations9A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those (trap) in the building.答案：trapped10(2018北京东城一模)My daughter, job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.答案：whose三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sixyearold Matthew Parker w
15、as in need of a kidney (肾) transplant，and his family looked all over the country for a suitable donor.Up to 80 people signed up to _1_ a living organ to the firstgrader.Coincidentally，the 4person chosen to donate a kidney to Matthew was his _2_，Lindesy Painter.Matthew had been on the transplant mach
16、ine for a _3_ time and developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys，so it was _4_ to find a match for him.The doctor had _5_ the family to be“realistic”and used the term“needle in a haystack”several times.When _6_ were asked to be tested，Painter was the first one to sign up._7_ the teacher learned the
17、results，she had to get several _8_ done.She was _9_ when she got a call back saying she was a“_10_ match”Painter didnt make the _11_ lightly.She knew that Matthew needs a kidney，and she had pity _12_ anyone going through this.It was especially difficult for her to _13_ the condition _14_ one of her
18、two sons.“I watch my healthy，_15_，loud，wild children running around， ”she said.“Matthew deserves to _16_ a normal，healthy，active life like my boys.”Matthew was so excited to _17_ that his teacher would be donating a kidney to him that he hugged her.His mother was _18_ grateful to Lindsey Painter，say
19、ing her sons donor was a“selfless”and“giving person”for _19_ her son.The _20_ for the kidney donation took place in the following month.Matthews mother said， “My sons new kidney means a special bond between student and teacher that goes far beyond the classroom.”1A.give up Bgive offCgive in Dgive do
20、wn2A.mother BdeskmateCfriend Dteacher3A.long BshortClimited Dgood4A.easy BdifficultCconvenient Dquick5A.accused BstoppedCwarned Dblamed6A.students BdoctorsCnurses Dvolunteers7A.After BBefore5CWhen DUntil8A.tests BpreparationsClessons Dworries9A.frightened BpleasedCastonished Dannoyed10A.eager BrareC
21、common Dperfect11A.progress BpracticeCmistake Ddecision12A.for BonCto Din13A.imagine BpretendCsupport Dwaste14A.threatening BoccurringCaffecting Dinforming15A.passive BactiveCtiring Dboring16A.suffer BsurviveCbear Dlive17A.feel BlearnCwonder Dsuppose18A.deeply BcrazilyCnoisily Dquietly19A.sharing Bb
22、eatingCsaving Ddiscovering20A.operations BpackagesCstories Dstruggles【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的 Matthew Parker 需要合适的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是，在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中，Matthew Parker 的老师是最佳人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。1A 考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“in need of a kidney(肾) transplant”可知，Matthew Parker 需要做肾脏移植手术，因此这里指有 80 个人愿意捐肾。give up 意为“放弃，让与” ，在此
23、处指“捐出” ，符合语境。故选 A。2D 考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“his teacher would be donating 6a kidney to him”可知，被选定捐肾的人是 Matthew Parker 的老师。故选 D。3A 考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys”以及下文医生的警告可知，Matthew Parker 已经等了很长时间了。long 意为“长的” ，符合语境。故选 A。4B 考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“The doctor had _ the family to berealis
24、tic and used the termneedle in a haystack several times.”可知，很难找到合适的肾源。difficult 意为“困难的” ，符合语境。故选 B。5C 考查动词辨析。根据医生所说的内容可知，医生是在警告和提醒他们。warn 意为“提醒，警告” ，符合语境。故选 C。6D 考查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“Up to 80 people signed up to _ a living organ to the firstgrader.”可知，此处指这些志愿者被要求做配型试验。volunteer 意为“志愿者” ，符合语境。故选 D。7B 考查连词
25、辨析。根据语境可知，此处指老师在得知配型试验的结果之前。before 意为“在之前” ，符合语境。故选 B。8A 考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“When _ were asked to be tested”可知，老师在得知结果之前，已经做了几次配型试验。test 意为“试验” ，符合语境。故选 A。9C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，老师之前做过配型试验，但都没有成功，因此当得知这次配型成功时，老师应该会很惊讶。astonished 意为“感到惊讶的” ，符合语境。故选 C。10D 考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，做配型试验是为了找到最合适的肾源。perfect 意为“最佳的，合适的” ，
26、符合语境。故选 D。11D 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，Painter 并不是轻率地就做了这个决定。make decision 意为“做决定” ，符合语境。故选 D。12B 考查固定搭配。have pity on. 是固定搭配，意为“同情” 。故选 B。13A 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指 Painter 很难想象自己的两个儿子也碰到类似的状况，因为她的孩子并没有患病。imagine 意为“想象，假设” ，符合语境。故选A。14C 考查动词辨析。此处指 Painter 很难想象这种状况会影响自己的儿子。affect意为“影响” ，符合语境。故选 C。15B 考查形容词辨析。空格处和“he
27、althy”并列，应为褒义词。active 意为“活跃的，充满活力的” ，符合语境。故选 B。16D 考查动词辨析。live a life 是固定搭配，意为“过着的生活” 。故选 D。717B 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当 Matthew 得知是自己的老师要给他捐肾时，他非常激动。learn 意为“获悉，得知” ，符合语境。故选 B。18A 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，Matthew 的母亲非常感激 Painter 老师。deeply 意为“很，非常” ，表示程度。故选 A。19C 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，Painter 老师捐出自己的肾脏，挽救了Matthew 的生命。save 意为“
28、挽救” 。符合语境。故选 C。20A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在接下来的这个月，Matthew 要做肾脏移植手术。operation 意为“手术” ，符合语境。故选 A。四、单句改错1I havent read all of his books before, but judged from the one I have read, I think hes a very promising writer. 答案：judgedjudging2He has three daughters, all of who went abroad for further study. 答案：whow
29、hom3She is always talking as if she knows everything under the sun. 答案：knowsknew4As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language. 答案：isare5To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital. 答案：hashave五、单元语法定语从
30、句()1(2018浙江嘉兴一中阶段性考试)The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything we have learned from life into beautiful pictures.答案：that2(2018江西二校联考)Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag, she gladly accepted.答案：which3(2018安徽宣城检测)I have never performed such a task youve asked me to do.答案：as4(2018江西九江一中月考)Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food.答案：where5(2018安徽马鞍山期中)New lawyers often come across various cases they really dont know how to deal with a tough situation in the beginning.答案：where8
